Comparing Same-Gender and Opposite-Gender Conversations: a Laughing Matter?

2009 ◽  
pp. 355-370
Keyword(s):  
Same Gender ◽  
Opposite Gender

scholarly journals In-group, out-group effects in distributional preferences: the case of gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Jaber-Lopez ◽  
Alexandra Baier ◽  
Brent J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Distributional Preferences ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Group Effects

AbstractWe examine gender differences when eliciting distributional preferences as conducted by the Equality Equivalence Test, which has the ability to classify subjects into preferences types. Preferences are elicited when individuals interact with an individual of the same gender and with an individual of the opposite gender. We find elicited preferences are robust across both in-group (same gender) and out-group (opposite gender) interactions. When analyzing the intensity of benevolence (or malevolence) we find that overall women exhibit more malevolence than men, but there is no gender difference for benevolence. Furthermore, women exhibit a higher level of in-group favoritism than men.

scholarly journals He said, she said: effects of bilingualism on cross-talker word recognition in infancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEHER SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Language Input ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Talker Variation

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine effects of bilingual language input on infant word segmentation and on talker generalization. In the present study, monolingually and bilingually exposed infants were compared on their abilities to recognize familiarized words in speech and to maintain generalizable representations of familiarized words. Words were first presented in the context of sentences to infants and then presented to infants in isolation during a test phase. During test, words were produced by a talker of the same gender and by a talker of the opposite gender. Results demonstrated that both bilingual and monolingual infants were able to recognize familiarized words to a comparable degree. Moreover, both bilingual and monolingual infants recognized words in spite of talker variation. Results demonstrated robust word recognition and talker generalization in monolingual and bilingual infants at 8 months of age.

scholarly journals Intrauterine testosterone exposure and risk for disordered eating

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica H. Baker ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opposite Gender

SummaryPrevious research has suggested that prenatal testosterone exposure masculinises disordered eating by comparing opposite- and same-gender twins. The objective of the current study is to replicate this finding using a sample of 439 identical and 213 fraternal females, 461 identical and 344 fraternal males, and 361 males and 371 females from opposite-gender twin pairs. Disordered eating was compared across twin types using the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. Inconsistent with previous findings, a main effect of co-twin gender was not found. Our results raise questions about the validity of prior evidence of the impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on patterns of disordered eating.

Pretend Play and Social Competence in Peer Play Groups of Five-Year-Old Boys and Girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Choi ◽  
Jung Ae Ohm
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Peer Play ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Play Groups ◽  
Play Group ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Opposite Gender

We examined the associations among different types of pretend play in peer play groups, as well as the associations between pretend play with peer play groups and children's social competence. Participants were 87 Korean preschool students (42 boys, 45 girls). We observed the participants' pretend play with same-gender, opposite-gender, and mixed-gender peers, and both teachers and peers provided assessments of the children's social competence. Analyses revealed that pretend play with the same-gender peer play group was negatively associated with those of the opposite- and mixed-gender peer play group for boys, whereas it was positively associated for girls. For both boys and girls, social competence as measured by opposite-gender peers was negatively associated with pretend play in the same-gender peer play group. Social competence as measured by teachers was significantly negatively associated with pretend play with mixed-gender peers for girls.

School Engagement and Achievement in Sibling Pairs: Gender and Birth Order Matter

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa M. Troesch ◽  
Thomas Ledermann ◽  
Joseph W. Jones ◽  
Alexander Grob
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Older Siblings

School engagement has been shown to be a strong predictor for school achievement. Previous studies have focused on the role of individual and contextual factors to explain school achievement, with few examining the role of siblings. This study used data of 451 adolescent sibling pairs from the Iowa Youth and Families Project to investigate the associations between school engagement and achievement in siblings by considering gender composition and birth order. Data were collected in families’ home and obtained for a target child in the 7th grade and for a sibling within 4 years of age. Average age of younger siblings (55% female) was 11.56 (SD = 1.27), while older siblings (49% female) had an average age of 13.92 (SD = 1.47). Using the two-member, four-group actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), results showed that older siblings’ engagement was positively related with younger siblings’ achievement in same-gender sibling pairs, but not in sibling pairs of opposite gender. Younger siblings’ engagement was independent of older siblings’ achievement regardless of siblings’ gender. Implications for parents and professionals suggest that support for older siblings could also benefit younger siblings in same gender pairs.

scholarly journals Associations of Exposure to Weight Talk, Unhealthy Weight Control and Overeating in Early Teens (FS10-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Cory ◽  
Josiemer Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Unhealthy Weight Control ◽  
Unhealthy Weight ◽  
Opposite Gender

Abstract Objectives Examine the association between exposure to weight talk from same and opposite gender peers and overeating and unhealthy weight control (UWC) amongst racially/ethnically-diverse youth aged 11–16 using cross-sectional, observational data. Hypothesis 1: Increased exposure to weight talk from same and opposite gender peers will be associated with both overeating and UWC behaviors with variation in magnitude of relationship based on social source. Methods In Project Viva, 1023 early teens (ages 11–16) reported experiences of weight talk from multiple social sources (parents, siblings, same & different gender peers and teachers/coaches). The main exposure was weight talk, functioning as a proxy for a weight-centric environment, coded as low weight talk or high weight talk. At the same timepoint teens reported disordered eating (overeating and UWC behaviors). Ordinal logistic regression assessed the associations of weight talk with both disordered eating behaviors, controlling for known confounders. Results Preliminary results show that the odds of those exposed to high weight talk from peers of the same gender engaging in overeating or UWC behavior was 1.32 and 1.89 (95% CI,1.22 to 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.37) times that of those exposed to low weight talk, both statistically significant effects, P < 0.001, P = 0.031. The odds of those exposed to high weight talk from opposite gender peers engaging in overeating was 2.43 (95% CI, 1.14 to 5.22) times that of those exposed to low weight talk, a statistically significant effect, P = 0.115. The odds of those exposed to high weight talk from opposite gender peers engaging in UWC behaviors was 1.69 (95% CI, 0.88 to 3.25) times that of those exposed to low weight talk, a non-statistically significant effect, P = 0.115. Conclusions High weight talk from peers of the same gender is significantly associated with higher odds of both overeating UWC behaviors in early teens. However, high weight talk from peers of the opposite gender is only significantly associated with higher odds of overeating. Funding Sources HC was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Research Scholars Award. JM was supported by a NIH-NHLBI Mentored Career Development Award to Promote Faculty Diversity in Biomedical Research. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

The effect of fellow customer on complaining behaviors: the moderating role of gender

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjun Joe ◽  
Choongbeom Choi
Keyword(s):  
Service Failure ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complaining Behavior ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Complaint Intentions

Purpose This paper aims to examine the joint effect of the focal customer’s gender and fellow customer’s gender in influencing voice complaint intentions and intention to convey negative word of mouth (NWOM). Design/methodology/approach Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two dining conditions (same-gender fellow customer vs opposite-gender fellow customer). Their intention to voice a complaint and to spread NWOM were measured after reading a scenario describing a service failure. A 2 (focal customer gender: male vs female) × 2 (fellow customer: same gender vs opposite gender) between-subjects quasi-experimental design was conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The results demonstrate that female customers’ voice complaint intentions were significantly higher when a fellow customer’s gender was female rather than male. In contrast, regardless of the fellow customer’s gender, no significant differences in voice complaint intentions were found among male customers. The results further indicate that voice complaint intentions mediate the impact of a fellow customer’s gender on intention to spread NWOM among female customers. However, both female and male participants show equally high levels of voice complaint intentions in the context of fine-dining restaurant. Practical implications This study broadens the understanding of customer complaining behavior and also provides insights to practitioners on how to manage customers who are in same- and mixed-gender situations. Originality/value This research extends the literature on agency–communal theory and complaining behaviors by examining the role of a fellow customer’s gender influencing the focal customer’s intentions to voice complaints and to spread NWOM.

Self-reports of adolescents who engage in same-gender as compared to opposite-gender sexual behavior

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Enid L. Gruber ◽  
Jacquelyn Christensen ◽  
Joel W. Grube ◽  
Deborah A. Fisher ◽  
Samantha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Opposite Gender

scholarly journals Equality in theory: From a heteronormative to an inclusive psychology of romantic love

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapphira R. Thorne ◽  
Peter Hegarty ◽  
Erica G. Hepper
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Sexual Equality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heterosexual Bias ◽  
Opposite Gender

Since 1970, research on romantic relationships has burgeoned, but its theories and methods were shaped by a heteronormative cultural context. Heteronormativity is an ideology that implicitly holds that heterosexuality is, and should be, the only, dominant, or taken-for-granted sexuality for all. The movement towards sexual equality, particularly legal recognition of equal marriage, now allows psychologists to investigate romantic love in a more equal manner than ever before. To orient psychology towards less heteronormative theories of love, we make explicit how researchers in the past have (a) defined love and relationships as heterosexual, (b) presumed heterosexual patterns of love generalize to all, (c) used methodologies that introduce heterosexual bias, and (d) located differences in same-gender couples rather than between same-gender and opposite-gender couples. We conclude with recommendations on how critical thinking at all stages of research can make the difference between heteronormative and inclusive research on romantic love and relationships.

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