Area B — A Sounding in the Western City Wall

2012 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
Western City

Aelia Capitolina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Seligman ◽  
Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Military Camp ◽  
Western City ◽  
New City ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

After the sacking of the Herodian Jerusalem in 70 ce, the city came under direct Roman rule. The Jewish residents were killed or exiled, the city destroyed, and a military camp of the Tenth Roman Legion Fretensis was established on a part of the ruins. Around 130 ce, Emperor Hadrian founded in place of the ruined Jewish city Jerusalem, a colony named Aelia Capitolina, in honor of his clan and the Capitoline Triad. After dismantling the remnants of the Herodian city and its magnificent Temple, the Romans rebuilt the city according to classical orthogonal design. The new city was smaller in size and different in shape relative to the former settlement. From the limited historical sources, we learn that Aelia Capitolina was divided into seven quarters, covering some one hundred hectares and comprised a number of major structures. The new city was characterized by parallel straight streets that cross each other on the cardinal axis, a layout that still forms the basis for the Old City today. The major streets were colonnaded and dotted with triumphal arches and monumental buildings. Though an issue of scholarly debate, it seems that the Tenth Legion’s camp was located in the southwestern part of the city, integrating the three extant Herodian three towers and a portion of the western city wall into its defenses. Furthermore, the Temple Mount enclosure, too large to be destroyed, was rebuilt by the Romans, and incorporated in the new city, as a civic or religious center. The expulsion of the Jewish inhabitants left Aelia Capitolina lightly populated, a situation only partially rectified by the encouragement of settlement by veterans and their families, together with Hellenic groups living in Provincia Palaestina.

WALLS, GATES AND STORIES: DETECTING ROME'S RIVERSIDE DEFENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
T.P. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Careful Attention ◽  
City Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The construction date of the ‘Servian’ wall and its layout in the riverside area between the Aventine and the Capitol are the two main questions addressed in this article. The interlocking topographical problems were addressed in 1988 by Filippo Coarelli, whose interpretation has become the generally accepted orthodoxy. But not all the difficulties have been solved, and with Coarelli's recent return to the subject a fresh examination of the evidence may be helpful. Careful attention is given here to stories of early Rome that involve the walls and gates, as reported in Livy, Dionysius and Plutarch; they are not, of course, taken as authentic evidence for the time of the alleged events, but as indicating what was taken for granted when the stories were first composed. New suggestions are made about a revision of the line of the city wall in 212 BC and the consequent restructuring of two important gates, the Porta Carmentalis and the Porta Trigemina; the mysterious ‘Porta Triumphalis’ is discussed separately in an appendix.

X.—Recent Discoveries in connexion with Roman London

Archaeologia ◽  
1906 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Norman ◽  
Francis W. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Post Office ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City

Early in January, 1905, the street called London Wall was opened by the Post Office authorities for the purpose of laying telephone mains. Operations were begun at Moorgate Street and were carried in an easterly direction, a deep trench being dug in the middle of the roadway. The excavations had extended past Salisbury House as far as Circus Place, when it was noticed that among the débris thrown at the side of the road were quantities of ragstone and Roman tile, showing clearly that the city wall was being cut into.

“Filipinos are the Dandies of the Foreign Colonies”: Race, Labor Struggles, and the Transpacific Routes of Hollywood and Philippine Films, 1924–1948

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-403
Author(s):  
Denise Khor
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Japanese Immigrants ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western City ◽  
Urban Leisure ◽  
The U.S

In the 1930s and 1940s Filipino laborers, many of whom were en route to agricultural hubs on the Pacific Coast, packed into movie theaters owned by Japanese immigrants to view Hollywood and Philippine-produced films. These cultural encounters formed an urban public sphere that connected both sides of the Pacific. Filipino patrons remade their public identities and communities through their consumption of film and urban leisure in the western city. This article traces this localized history of spectatorship and exhibition in order to reconsider prevailing understandings of the history of the U.S. West and the rise of cinema and mass commercial culture in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Fortifications of Areas CC and BC at Tel Lachish

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 352-374
Author(s):  
Hoo-Goo Kang ◽  
Yosef Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
City Walls ◽  
New City

During the Fourth Expedition to Tel Lachish in the years 2014-2017 a series of fortifications was uncovered in Area CC, in the center of the northern edge of the mound. In addition to the previously known city walls of Levels I–IV, the expedition discovered a new city wall, built in Level V and dated to the late 10th and the first half of the 9th centuries BCE.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF EXISTING STRUCTURES: RELIABILITY BASED ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK, EXAMPLES AND APPLICATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Luc Schueremans ◽  
Dionys Van Gemert
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Framework ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Surface Splines ◽  
Model Response ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Reliability Methods ◽  
Reliability Algorithms ◽  
The Stability

Safety, reliability and risk are key issues in the preservation of our built, cultural heritage. Several structural collapses make us aware of the vulnerability of our technical and natural environment and demand an adequate engineering response. In the analysis phase, an objective way to assess the safety of the structure is essential. The present raises the need for a reliability based assessment framework for existing masonry structures. Although this field of research is relatively young, different techniques have been proposed and optimised. These permit to calculate the global probability of failure of complex structures, relying on deterministic techniques able to calculate the stability state for a prescribed set of parameters. This paper illustrates how these techniques can be a valid tool to evaluate the bearing capacity of existing structures. Focus is on reliability methods based on simulation procedures (Monte Carlo, Directional Sampling), combined with an adaptive meta‐model (Response Surface, Splines, Neural Networks). Several benchmark examples demonstrate the applicability of the methodology. The mutual efficiency of the different reliability algorithms is discussed. The application focuses on the assessment of an existing masonry structure. The overall stability of a Romanesque city wall of Leuven (B) is studied in detail. The analysis treats the present safety of the city wall, regarding the uncertainties in load, geometry and resistance. Because of the low degree of safety of several parts of the wall, consolidation measures and strengthening techniques are proposed.

Surface Settlement and Influence on Xi’an City Wall due to Xi’an Subway Line 2 Tunnel Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 2326-2332
Author(s):  
Jun Lian Li ◽  
Jian Guo Zheng ◽  
Yang Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
The South ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Settlement Ratio ◽  
Grouting Reinforcement ◽  
Xi’An City

This paper refers the case project of the Xi'an Subway Line 2 tunneling through the South Gate area of the Xi'an City Wall, has researched the surface settlement due to tunnel construction, and simulated the whole shield tunnel by using Flac3D numerical analysis. This paper has obtained the law of surface settlement and the influence on the City Wall in the tunnel construction by analyzing the calculation results, and simulated the effects of three protective measures which will be used in the South Gate area. The results showed that the surface settlement ratio after the piles and chemical grouting reinforcement was lower by about 25% than no reinforcement. The monitoring data showed that the result of model calculation was reasonable, and the protective measures in Condition 3 are feasible and effective.

Traces of the strong earthquakes in ancient Mikhaylovka archeological monument, Kerch’ Peninsula, Crimea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Корженков ◽  
А.Н. Овсюченко ◽  
А.С. Ларьков ◽  
А.В. Мараханов ◽  
Е.А. Рогожин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Counterclockwise Rotation ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
Seismic Oscillations ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Northern Wall ◽  
Northern City

In the paper there are results of archeoseismological study of an antic archeological monument – Mikhaylovka hill-fort located in Kerch’ peninsula. Studied deformations complex includes: systematic tilts, shifts and collapses of building constructions of latitudinal strike northward. Building elements of longitudinal strike tilted, shifted and collapsed westward. We revealed one counterclockwise rotation in a wall part which was not anchored. Most impressive and unique is shearing and shifting southward of a significant fragment of northern city wall. The revealed deformations in the trench No. III of Mikhaylovka hill-fort undoubtedly demonstrate their seismogenic origin. Large number of double walls – original walls and counterforce ones – “krepida’s” testifies on at least two events of destruction and deformation in Mikhaylovka fort-hill. Local seismic intensity was apparently (VIII) ≤ Io ≤ IX. According to numismatic founds and fire traces first earthquake occurred in beginning of II century AD, second earthquake - in III century AD. Maximum summary seismic oscillations during first earthquakes propagated apparently in latitudinal direction which led to wedging of significant part of the northern wall of the hill-fort. Seismic shocks during second earthquakes went along NNW-SSE axis. This direction is testified be systematic character of tilts, shifts and collapses of the walls of both directions.

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