Life-Long Learning Know-How Transfer Centers for Flood Risk Assessment in Romania and Hungary

The sector affected by surplus or scarcity of water requires proper understanding of river and landscape system behavior, what is possible to be done to prevent potential damages and losses need skilled professionals, who are familiar also with the newest IT based hydroinformatic tools and technological achievements to find the best possible solutions. An extensive programs of Water Authorities in Romania and in Hungary have been running to provide flood risk maps in all the main river basins including also those which across the both countries. The obtained results will be contribute to the better understanding and general prediction of flooding on the major river systems and assist the governments to act (in real time and space) in accordance with contingency planning based on flood risk management plans, moreover future development plans of regions and cities will get a proper guidance and platforms for future feasibility studies. However Flood Directive implementation has been ongoing in Romania and Hungary, `bridging and direct trainings` for relevant sectors as it is planned in this project have not been provided and have not been planned for future in Romania and Hungary. Based on these needs in 2011 was initiated and organized an international cooperation project financed by the European Union with the theme: “Development of knowledge canters for life-long learning by involving of specialists and decision makers in flood risk management using advanced Hydroinformatic tools” [1]. In this paper we give a brief overview of the main objectives proposed, a description of the partners and some aspects of the activities developed in the project and some of the results obtained

The Development and Standardization of Chinese Urban Traffic Linguistic Landscape

Linguistic landscape in a city can not only serve as the informative signs in public area but also record the history and demonstrate the development and modernization with social order and community participation indication. It originates its researching base from social linguistics but develops as interdisciplinary in recent years stimulating deep interests with multi-perspectives. This thesis summarizes the features and developing trends of linguistic landscape researches in and abroad at the first. And with comparative study of typical traffic linguistic landscapes in Chinese and foreign cities, this thesis discusses the framework and categories of traffic linguistic landscape system and its improving role through different stages of time, focusing on the specific features and establishing principles of traffic linguistic landscape in Chinese urban cities.

Design principles of dangerous territory slope erosion agricultural landscapes of soil for the development of adaptive-landscape system of agriculture lands on Forest-steppe zone

On results undertaken studies systematization is carried out and in theory - methodological positions are deep on this basis practical recommendations are offered in relation to basic directions of ecological optimization of the use of earth-resource potential erosive dangerous agrolandscape by working and development of theoretical and applied bases of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture, newest systems of land-tenure, aimed at the rational use and protection of agricultural land, differentiated adaptation of technological means to soil-landscape-climatic factors and economic conditions of modern agricultural.The research was aimed at identifying the latest approaches to the organization of modern land use, which will necessitate the development of farming and land use systems on an ecological and landscape basis, given the different levels of intensification and resource provision, which in turn requires the improvement of existing and development of new components and the whole complex of agricultural systems, in particular in the context of climate change, risks of water and wind erosion and desertification.Many years of domestic experience in developing the scientific basis for the organization and management of agricultural land use, taking into account the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development shows that land management design based on landscape-ecological approach to the organization of agricultural land use is quite capable of becoming a link. unified system of theory and practice of organization of ecologically balanced land use at all levels.The principles of designing the organization of the territory of erosively dangerous sloping agrolandscapes for the development of soil protection adaptive-landscape system of agriculture on sloping lands (theoretical and methodological principles of landscape-adaptive land management, methodological approaches to substantiate land management projects on a landscape-ecological basis).

RESEARCH OF MODERN WATER MANAGEMENT LANDSCAPE AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Problem Statement and Purpose. Approaches, principles and methods of research of anthropogenic landscapes, in particular landscape-technical systems, are considered in detail in the works of many scientists. However, less attention is paid to the study of water management landscape technical systems. This necessitates more specific approaches, principles and methods that would allow to fully reveal the essence of these systems. Water management landscape-technical system is a complex system that combinesnatural, technical and information blocks that interact with each other. Therefore, researching these systems, in addition to traditional and specific, it is necessary to use at the integrated level the principles and methods of various natural sciences. Data & Methods. In the process of analysis and disclosure of approaches, principles and methods of research of water management landscape system, the following methods were used: structural and logical generalization (used to identify traditional methods in the study of the system), abstraction (selection of specific methods to reveal the essence of the system), system analysis (establishment of integration links between traditional and specific methods of scientific cognition), generalization (made it possible on the basis of the obtained data on methods of scientific cognition to develop a scheme for studying the water landscape system of the Trubizh river basin). Results. It is noted that the study of water management landscape technical system is impossible without the use of a systematic approach, which is traditional in all theoretical studies. Approaches that help to reveal the essence of the water management landscape and technical system (historical, basinal, system, paragenetic, constructive, cartographic and geoinformational) are identified and analyzed. The cartographic approach is singled out, which is one of the main ones in the study of water management landscape technical systems. There is a particular emphasis on the geoinformational approach, as the development of GIS projects is one of the most promising and modern trends in the study of not only water management landscape and technical systems, but also anthropogenic landscape science in general. The essence of specific principles and research methods is revealed, as they help to understand the peculiarities of the water management landscape and technical system. Three basic principles (historicism, natural anthropogenic compatibility and advanced study of previous natural and anthropogenic landscapes) were considered, on their basis seven methods of scientific research were identified and analyzed. The author emphasizes that, in addition to the main approaches, principles and methods, it is expedient to use methods from other sectoral sciences in the water management landscape and technical system study (geology, geomorphology, soil science, hydrology, zoology, botany etc.). A generalized study scheme of the water management landscape and technical system has been proposed, using the Trubizh River as an example.

Integrated Framework of Rural Landscape Research: Based on the Global Perspective

Context In recent years, the important value of rural landscape has been highlighted in tourism, cultural heritage, ecology and other fields, rural landscape research (RLR) has been paid more and more attention by researchers, with the deepening of research, RLR has the characteristics of diversity and complexity.Objectives To understand the development trend of RLR in the past 20 years, the distribution of research power, research hotspots and frontal research, to comb through the relevant results of RLR, to analyze the progress of RLR, and finally to integrate the main contents of RLR in a framework.Methods 735 related literatures were selected from the WoS Core Collection Database, and the papers on RLR from 1992 to 2020 were quantitatively data mined and qualitatively summarized by using Bibliometrics and VOSviwer software for mapping and analysis.Results (1) The number of papers on RLR increased from 1992 to 2020, during which it gradually became a hotspot research field that attracted increasing global attention. (2) From the research strength, Europe has a great influence in RLR, and has issued a series of conventions and protection policies, making its rural landscape become a model of modern rural development. There is little international cooperation and exchange in RLR, which is not conducive to the development of disciplines. Landscape & Urban Planning journals fit the theme of RLR. (3) The five hotspots of RLR are: rural cultural landscape and rural development; rural tourism landscape, the matching of landscape value and landscape perception; urban-rural interaction, land use change and landscape pattern conflict; change of ecosystem service value; rural landscape planning, protection and management.Conclusions RLR has developed from a study based on geography and ecology to a comprehensive research direction combining multidisciplinary and multi-methods of social and economic development, culture and other elements. At present, RLR covers the ecological landscape, production landscape, tourism landscape and cultural landscape of rural landscape system, changes from static pattern of rural landscape to dynamic evolution process, urban-rural interaction, ecosystem service and multifunctional landscape trade-off, and changes from single dimension to multi-dimensional in research paradigm, and combines “3S” technology and various landscape ecological model software. From the perspective of multidisciplinary research, from the perspective of rural landscape system, the correlation and mechanism between rural landscape multifunctionality, and dynamic monitoring and trend simulation, help to clarify the rural landscape multi-functional trade-off ideas and paths to guide the sustainable development of rural areas.

Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level

The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community.

Robotic embankment

Automating earth-moving tasks has the potential to resolve labour-shortage, allow for unseen designs and foster sustainability through using on-site materials. In this interdisciplinary project involving robotics and landscape architecture, we combine our previous work on autonomous excavation of free-form shapes, dynamic landscape design and terrain modelling tools into a robotic landscape system. It tightly connects survey, design and fabrication to exchange information in real-time during fabrication. We purposely built a LiDAR survey drone for tight integration. The design environment contains terrain modelling tools to balance cut and fill volumes for material-neutral, on-site construction. Its parametric nature allows it to adapt the geometry to changing site conditions during fabrication. Our autonomous walking excavator is used to create these free-form shapes in natural granular material. We propose an excavation planner for free-form embankments that computes the next excavation location and subsequently the location where the excavated soil should be dumped. This robotic excavation system achieves the world’s first autonomous completion of free-form embankments with high accuracy. A $$20\hbox { m}$$ 20 m long S-shaped and a two-faced embankment with a corner with roughly 0.03–0.05 m average error were created.

Modeling Gully Erosion Susceptibility to Evaluate Human Impact on a Local Landscape System in Tigray, Ethiopia

In recent years, modeling gully erosion susceptibility has become an increasingly popular approach for assessing the impact of different land degradation factors. However, different forms of human influence have so far not been identified in order to form an independent model. We investigate the spatial relation between gully erosion and distance to settlements and footpaths, as typical areas of human interaction, with the natural environment in rural African areas. Gullies are common features in the Ethiopian Highlands, where they often hinder agricultural productivity. Within a catchment in the north Ethiopian Highlands, 16 environmental and human-related variables are mapped and categorized. The resulting susceptibility to gully erosion is predicted by applying the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. Human-related and environmental factors are used to generate independent susceptibility models and form an additional inclusive model. The resulting models are compared and evaluated by applying a change detection technique. All models predict the locations of most gullies, while 28% of gully locations are exclusively predicted using human-related factors.