scholarly journals A Method to Enhance the Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Severe Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhou ◽  
Y. Naito ◽  
S. Sugita ◽  
Q. Hao ◽  
H. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Properties Discovered with Extraordinary SuccessOK

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Gabriella Racchetti ◽  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cells distributed in the stromas of the body, are known for various properties including replication, the potential of various differentiations, the immune-related processes including inflammation. About two decades ago, these cells were shown to play relevant roles in the therapy of numerous diseases, dependent on their immune regulation and their release of cytokines and growth factors, with ensuing activation of favorable enzymes and processes. Such discovery induced great increase of their investigation. Soon thereafter, however, it became clear that therapeutic actions of MSCs are risky, accompanied by serious drawbacks and defects. MSC therapy has been therefore reduced to a few diseases, replaced for the others by their extracellular vesicles, the MSC-EVs. The latter vesicles recapitulate most therapeutic actions of MSCs, with equal or even better efficacies and without the serious drawbacks of the parent cells. In addition, MSC-EVs are characterized by many advantages, among which are their heterogeneities dependent on the stromas of origin, the alleviation of cell aging, the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Here we illustrate the MSC-EV therapeutic effects, largely mediated by specific miRNAs, covering various diseases and pathological processes occurring in the bones, heart and vessels, kidney, and brain. MSC-EVs operate also on the development of cancers and on COVID-19, where they alleviate the organ lesions induced by the virus. Therapy by MSC-EVs can be improved by combination of their innate potential to engineering processes inducing precise targeting and transfer of drugs. The unique properties of MSC-EVs explain their intense studies, carried out with extraordinary success. Although not yet developed to clinical practice, the perspectives for proximal future are encouraging.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Hingert ◽  
Karin Ekström ◽  
Jonathan Aldridge ◽  
Rosella Crescitelli ◽  
Helena Brisby
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to be mediators of intercellular communication and have been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in many diseases. Their potential use in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with low back pain (LBP) is yet to be explored. Since LBP affects more than 85% of the western population resulting in high socioeconomic consequences, there is a demand for exploring new and possibly mini-invasive treatment alternatives. In this study, the effect of hMSC-derived small EVs (sEVs) on degenerated disc cells (DCs) isolated from patients with degenerative discs and chronic LBP was investigated in a 3D in vitro model. Methods hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate, and EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hMSCs by differential centrifugation and filtration. 3D pellet cultures of DCs were stimulated with the sEVs at 5 × 1010 vesicles/ml concentration for 28 days and compared to control. The pellets were harvested at days 7, 14, and 28 and evaluated for cell proliferation, viability, ECM production, apoptotic activity, chondrogenesis, and cytokine secretions. Results The findings demonstrated that treatment with sEVs from hMSCs resulted in more than 50% increase in cell proliferation and decrease in cellular apoptosis in degenerated DCs from this patient group. ECM production was also observed as early as in day 7 and was more than three times higher in the sEV-treated DC pellets compared to control cultures. Further, sEV treatment suppressed secretion of MMP-1 in the DCs. Conclusion hMSC-derived sEVs improved cell viability and expedited chondrogenesis in DCs from degenerated IVDs. These findings open up for new tissue regeneration treatment strategies to be developed for degenerative disorders of the spine.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells inEx VivoHuman Lungs Injured with Live Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae W. Lee ◽  
Anna Krasnodembskaya ◽  
David H. McKenna ◽  
Yuanlin Song ◽  
Jason Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Live Bacteria

scholarly journals Therapeutic Benefits by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) and Ang-1 Gene-Modified hMSCs after Cerebral Ischemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Onda ◽  
Osamu Honmou ◽  
Kuniaki Harada ◽  
Kiyohiro Houkin ◽  
Hirofumi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow has been reported to ameliorate functional deficits after cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Although several hypotheses to account for these therapeutic effects have been suggested, current thinking is that both neuroprotection and angiogenesis are primarily responsible. In this study, we compared the effects of hMSCs and angiopoietin-1 gene-modified hMSCs (Ang-hMSCs) intravenously infused into rats 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging and histologic analyses revealed that rats receiving hMSCs or Ang-hMSCs exhibited comparable reduction in gross lesion volume as compared with the control group. Although both cell types indeed improved angiogenesis near the border of the ischemic lesions, neovascularization and regional cerebral blood flow were greater in some border areas in Ang-hMSC group. Both hMSC- and Ang-hMSC-treated rats showed greater improved functional recovery in the treadmill stress test than did control rats, but the Ang-hMSC group was greater. These results indicate the intravenous administration of genetically modified hMSCs to express angiopoietin has a similar effect on reducing lesion volume as hMSCs, but the Ang-hMSC group showed enhanced regions of increased angiogenesis at the lesion border, and modest additional improvement in functional outcome.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Hingert ◽  
Karin Ekström ◽  
Jonathan Aldridge ◽  
Rosella Crescitelli ◽  
Helena Brisby
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Abstract Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to be mediators of intercellular communication and has been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in many diseases. Their potential use in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with low back pain (LBP) is yet to be explored. Since LBP affects more than 85% of the western population resulting in high socioeconomic consequences there is a demand for exploring new and possibly mini-invasive treatment alternatives. In this study, the effect of hMSCs derived small EVs (sEVs) on degenerated disc cells (DCs) isolated from patients with degenerative discs and chronic LBP was investigated in a 3D in vitro model. Methods: hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate and EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hMSCs by differential centrifugation and filtration. 3D pellet cultures of DCs were stimulated with the EVs at 5x1010 vesicles/mL concentration for 28 days and compared to control. The pellets were harvested at day 7, 14, and 28 and evaluated for cell proliferation, viability, ECM production, apoptotic activity, chondrogenesis and cytokine secretions.Results: The findings demonstrated that treatment with sEVs from hMSCs resulted in more than 50% increase in cell proliferation and decrease in cellular apoptosis in degenerated DCs from this patient group. ECM production was also observed as early as in day 7 and was more than three times higher in the sEVs treated DC pellets compared to control cultures. Further, sEVs treatment suppressed secretion of MMP-1 in the DCs. Conclusion: hMSC derived sEVs improved cell viability and expedited chondrogenesis in DCs from degenerated IVDs. These findings open up for new tissue regeneration treatment strategies to be developed for degenerative disorders of the spine.

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