The Role of Lung Function in Adverse Health Outcomes Related to Sleep-disordered Breathing. New Insights into the Overlap Syndrome

Abstract Background The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases places a substantial burden on human health throughout the world. It is believed that predisposition to metabolic disease starts early in life, a period of great susceptibility to epigenetic reprogramming due to environmental insults. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), i.e., treatments for infertility, may affect embryo development, resulting in multiple adverse health outcomes in postnatal life. The most frequently observed alteration in ART pregnancies is impaired placental nutrient transfer. Moreover, consequent intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight followed by catch-up growth can all predict future obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic metabolic diseases. Scope of the review In this review, we have focused on evidence of adverse metabolic alterations associated with ART, which can contribute to the development of chronic adult-onset diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Due to high phenotypic plasticity, ART pregnancies can produce both offspring with adverse health outcomes, as well as healthy individuals. We further discuss the sex-specific and age-dependent metabolic alterations reflected in ART offspring, and how the degree of interference of a given ART procedure (from mild to more severe manipulation of the egg) affects the occurrence and degree of offspring alterations. Major conclusions Over the last few years, studies have reported signs of cardiometabolic alterations in ART offspring that are detectable at a young age but that do not appear to constitute a high risk of disease and morbidity per se. These abnormal phenotypes could be early indicators of the development of chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, in adulthood. The early detection of metabolic alterations could contribute to preventing the onset of disease in adulthood. Such early interventions may counteract the risk factors and improve the long-term health of the individual.

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Social deprivation predicts adverse health outcomes after hospital admission with hip fracture in England

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/s00198-020-05768-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Patel ◽

A. Bhimjiyani ◽

Y. Ben-Shlomo ◽

C. L. Gregson

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes

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The Accuracy of Four Frequently Used Frailty Instruments for the Prediction of Adverse Health Outcomes Among Older Adults at Two Dutch Emergency Departments: Findings of the AmsterGEM Study

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.04.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carmen S. van Dam ◽

Marijke C. Trappenburg ◽

Marieke M. ter Wee ◽

Emiel O. Hoogendijk ◽

Henrica C. de Vet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Emergency Departments ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes

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Understanding the influence of socioeconomic status on the association between combinations of lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e042212

Author(s):

Hamish Foster ◽

Peter Polz ◽

Frances Mair ◽

Jason Gill ◽

Catherine A O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Lifestyle Factor ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

The Impact

IntroductionCombinations of unhealthy lifestyle factors are strongly associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. It is unclear how socioeconomic status (SES) affects those associations. Lower SES groups may be disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of unhealthy lifestyle factors compared with higher SES groups via interactions with other factors associated with low SES (eg, stress) or via accelerated biological ageing. This systematic review aims to synthesise studies that examine how SES moderates the association between lifestyle factor combinations and adverse health outcomes. Greater understanding of how lifestyle risk varies across socioeconomic spectra could reduce adverse health by (1) identifying novel high-risk groups or targets for future interventions and (2) informing research, policy and interventions that aim to support healthy lifestyles in socioeconomically deprived communities.Methods and analysisThree databases will be searched (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL) from inception to March 2020. Reference lists, citations and grey literature will also be searched. Inclusion criteria are: (1) prospective cohort studies; (2) investigations of two key exposures: (a) lifestyle factor combinations of at least three lifestyle factors (eg, smoking, physical activity and diet) and (b) SES (eg, income, education or poverty index); (3) an assessment of the impact of SES on the association between combinations of unhealthy lifestyle factors and health outcomes; (4) at least one outcome from—mortality (all cause, CVD and cancer), CVD or cancer incidence. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts of included studies. Data extraction will focus on cohort characteristics, exposures, direction and magnitude of SES effects, methods and quality (via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). If appropriate, a meta-analysis, pooling the effects of SES, will be performed. Alternatively, a synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication, professional networks, social media and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172588.

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Self-Reported Energy Trajectories Predict Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 794-795

Author(s):

Briana Sprague ◽

Xiaonan Zhu ◽

Rebecca Ehrenkranz ◽

Qu Tian ◽

Theresa Gmelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Single Item ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Outcome Performance ◽

Future Work ◽

Mortality Hazard Ratio

Abstract Declining energy may indicate homeostatic dysregulation and predict adverse health outcomes. We hypothesized that declining energy would predict greater frailty (1-10), greater mortality, and faster mood (CES-D) and cognition (3MS) decline over time. This observational cohort studies included 2,443 older adults (mean age=74.6, 62.5% White, 47.8% men) from the Health ABC Study with up to eight years of data. Energy was assessed using a single-item question about prior month’s energy (baseline mean=6.7, SD=1.7, range=0–10, lower=less energy). We used linear mixed models to create energy change scores (mean=-.07 points/year, SD=.05, range=-0.32-0.21, negative=decreased energy). In regression models adjusting for baseline outcome performance and energy and demographics, declining energy predicted greater frailty (β=-2.72, 95%CI = -3.39,-2.06), greater mortality (hazard ratio=.07, p<.001), and faster CES-D (β=-.93, 95%CI=-1.10,-0.75) but not 3MS decline. Energy changes are easy to assess and predict clinically-relevant outcomes. Future work should consider mechanisms of declining energy on disability-related outcomes. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.

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Genome Sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Isolated from the Vaginas of Women with and without Bacterial Vaginosis: TABLE 1

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00879-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lloyd S. Robinson ◽

Justin Perry ◽

Sai Lek ◽

Aye Wollam ◽

Erica Sodergren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes

Gardnerella vaginalis is a predominant species in bacterial vaginosis, a dysbiosis of the vagina that is associated with adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis strains (now available through BEI Resources) isolated from women with and without bacterial vaginosis.

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