Resolving two enigmatic distributions in the genus Orthotrichum (Orthotrichaceae): A re-evaluation of Orthotrichum fenestratum and O. sordidum

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE H. VITT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
The Bering Sea

Orthotrichum fenestratum Card. & Thér, described from St. Paul Island and reported only from a few small islands in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Chain, was considered unique because of perforations in the exostome. Comparisons with the uncommon, but widespread, arctic-montane species, O. pylaisii Brid., indicates that like O. fenestratum, O. pylaisii also has exostomial perforations and these species are conspecific. The distribution of O. pylaisii is mapped for northwestern North America. Orthotrichum sordidum Sull. & Lesq. was described from eastern North America and then reported from East Asia and from scattered locations in Alaska and Greenland. All of the Alaskan specimens are O. pylaisii and also all of the Greenland specimens examined belong to this latter species; consequently O. sordidum should be removed from the floras of these northern regions. Similar to O. pylaisii, O. sordidum also has perforate (and fenestrate) exostome teeth, but differs in a number of features, including 8 vs.16 exostome teeth; deeply ribbed, emergent capsules vs. lightly ribbed, exserted capsules; and 8, well-developed endostome segments vs. rudimentary segments of O. pylaisii. Orthotrichum sordidum occurs almost exclusively on tree trunks, while O. pylaisii occurs on rock.

Chromosome races in Rumex arcticus (Polygonaceae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-380
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Mulligan ◽  
Clarence Frankton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Chromosome Races ◽  
High Polyploid ◽  
Seward Peninsula ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
The Bering Sea

Rumex arcticus Trautv., a species found on the mainland of northwestern North America and in northeastern U.S.S.R., contains tetraploid (2n = 40), dodecaploid (2n = 120), and perhaps 2n = 160 and 2n = 200 chromosome races. Most North American plants are tetraploid and are larger in size and have more compound and contiguous inflorescences than typical R. arcticus. Typical plants of R. arcticus occur in the arctic U.S.S.R., St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, and at the tip of the Seward Peninsula of Alaska, and they all have 120 or more somatic chromosomes. High polyploid plants of R. arcticus that resemble North American tetraploids in appearance apparently occur on the Kamchatka Peninsula. These have been called R. kamtshadalus Komarov or R. arcticus var. kamtshadalus (Kom.) Rech. f. by some authors.

scholarly journals Regional trend analysis of surface ozone observations from monitoring networks in eastern North America, Europe and East Asia

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lan Chang ◽  
Irina Petropavlovskikh ◽  
Owen R. Copper ◽  
Martin G. Schultz ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Regional Trend

Macroevolutionary Evaluation Methods Extended, Consolidated, and Exemplified with Anoectangium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in North America and the Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zander
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Entropy Maximization ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Nomen Novum ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Bayesian Support ◽  
Himalayan Species

Methods of macroevolutionary systematics as recently modified are explained and applied to the genus Anoectangium Schwägr. (Pottiaceae) in hyperoceanic areas of coastal northwestern North America. It was revealed that this area harbored species like those reported for the Himalayan region of northern India. Keys are provided for North American and Himalayan species of the genus. A macroevolutionary analysis, detailed in the Methods section, distinguishes and gives relationships between the species. There is strong Bayesian support for progenitor-descendant pairs and lineages. Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. is considered a synonym of A. aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. Anoectangium crassinervium Mitt. is transferred to Molendoa Lindb., under a nomen novum with A. handelii Schiffn. as a synonym. Anoectangium incrassatum Broth., related to the Asian A. clarum Mitt., is reported as a well-characterized species from the West Indies. Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt. is re-lectotypified. Distinctions between A. aestivum and A. euchloron (Schwägr.) Spruce in the New World are clarified. Causal explanations in systematics are equated with entropy maximization in Shannon information analysis in the context of serial descent. A Pleistocene species pump hypothesis is advanced to explain the stenomorphic populations of species of the genus in eastern North America.

Relative motions between Eurasia and North America in the Bering Sea region

1987 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Harbert ◽  
Leah S. Frei ◽  
Allan Cox ◽  
D.C. Engebretson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
The Bering Sea ◽  
Relative Motions

scholarly journals MARINE RESERVOIR EFFECTS IN SEAL (PHOCIDAE) BONES IN THE NORTHERN BERING AND CHUKCHI SEAS, NORTHWESTERN ALASKA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Joshua Reuther ◽  
Scott Shirar ◽  
Owen Mason ◽  
Shelby L Anderson ◽  
Joan B Coltrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Sea Mammals ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Bering Sea

ABSTRACT We explore marine reservoir effects (MREs) in seal bones from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas regions. Ringed and bearded seals have served as dietary staples in human populations along the coasts of Arctic northeast Asia and North America for several millennia. Radiocarbon (14C) dates on seal bones and terrestrial materials (caribou, plants seeds, wood, and wood charcoal) were compared from archaeological sites in the Bering Strait region of northwestern Alaska to assess MREs in these sea mammals over time. We also compared these results to 14C dates on modern seal specimens collected in AD 1932 and 1946 from the Bering Sea region. Our paired archaeological samples were recovered from late Holocene archaeological features, including floors from dwellings and cache pits, that date between 1600 and 130 cal BP. 14C dates on seal bones from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas show differences [R(t)] of 800 ± 140 years from to their terrestrial counterparts, and deviations of 404 ± 112 years (ΔR) from the marine calibration curve.

scholarly journals Severe Cold Winter in North America Linked to Bering Sea Ice Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 8069-8085
Author(s):  
Mizuki Iida ◽  
Shusaku Sugimoto ◽  
Toshio Suga
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Cold Wave ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ocean Reanalysis ◽  
The Bering Sea

AbstractNorth America experienced an intense cold wave with record low temperatures during the winter of 2017/18, at the time reaching the smallest rank of sea ice area (SIA) in the Bering Sea over the past four decades. Using observations, ocean reanalysis, and atmospheric reanalysis data for 39 winters (1979/80–2017/18), both the Bering SIA loss and cold winters in North America are linked robustly via sea level pressure variations over Alaska detected as a dominant mode, the Alaska Oscillation (ALO). The ALO differs from previously identified atmospheric teleconnection and climate patterns. In the positive ALO, the equatorward cold airflow through the Bering Strait increases, resulting in surface air cooling over the Bering Sea and an increase in Bering SIA, as well as surface warming (about 4 K for the winter mean) for North America in response to a decrease of equatorward cold airflow, and vice versa for negative phase. The northerly winds with the cold air over the Bering Sea result in substantial heat release from ocean to atmosphere over open water just south of the region covered by sea ice. Heating over the southern part of Bering Sea acts as a positive feedback for the positive ALO and its related large-scale atmospheric circulation in a linear baroclinic model experiment. Bering SIA shows no decreasing trend, but has remained small since 2015. CMIP6 climate models of the SSP5–8.5 scenario project a decrease of Bering SIA in the future climate. To explain severe cold winters in North America under global warming, it is necessary to get an understanding of climate systems with little or no sea ice.

A New Species of Archaeomysis From Coastal Waters of Japan (Mysidacea, Gastrosaccinae)

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Hanamura ◽  
Soo-Gun Jo ◽  
Masaaki Murano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Short Note ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The Bering Sea

AbstractA large number of Japanese specimens previously identified as Archaeomysis grebnitzkii were examined and compared with specimens from the Bering Sea and Pacific coast of North America. This study demonstrates that the Japanese population of Archaeomysis grebnitzkii sensu Ii (1964) differs consistently from those of the latter locations, particularly in the shape of the telson and the male 3rd pleopod, so as to constitute a new species, described here as A. japonica n. sp. A short note is included at the end of this paper reporting some observations on the biology of the species noted during this study.

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