A zoologist’s viewpoint on the Draft BioCode

Bionomina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Alain DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
International Community ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Botanical Nomenclature ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Many

The Draft BioCode (DBC) is the result of an attempt at unifying the nomenclatural Rules currently in force in different taxonomic domains (mostly zoology and botany), which are the result of a long historical process during which they have widely diverged in several important respects. The proposals of the DBC tend to extend several basic concepts and idiosyncrasies of botanical nomenclature to other fields, mostly zoological nomenclature. This is unfortunate, as in several cases the zoological Rules can be argued to be more appropriate, especially to meet the new challenges that biological nomenclature will be facing in the 21st century. The DBC is not ripe and its implementation in its present form should not be accepted by the international community of taxonomists, and particularly by zoologists. Among the many problems that would remain to solve before considering this possibility, the following ones are particularly stressed here: (1) the need of a better plan for this document and of a better technical terminology for nomenclatural concepts and tools; (2) the abandonment of absolute ranks and their replacement by relative ranks in the frame of a small number of nominal-series within which a Principle of Coordination is in force; (3) the adoption of more precise, stringent and unambiguous Rules for the nomenclature of higher taxa of the class-series; (4) the dissociation, in the nomenclatural process, between the stage of creation of nomina and that of their registration, which should not be compulsory; (5) the suppression of all prescriptions regarding the use of any language in taxonomic and nomenclatural publications; (6) the need of more stringent Rules for homonymy between “similar” nomina.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Approach to Systemic Family Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Hasan Kütük
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Systemic Family Therapy ◽  
Therapy Sessions

The concept of spirituality has started being included in therapy settings due to the new paradigms showing developments in the world of psychology in the late 20th century and in the 21st century. When examining the literature, many articles and books are seen to have been published related to the topic, and most of the studies have been carried out abroad. These performed studies have contributed new concepts and information to the literature by revealing how the concept of spirituality can be integrated with family therapies. This study has been prepared for the purposes of drawing the attention of researchers who conduct studies in Turkey based on systemic family therapy and of specialists who plan therapy sessions based the relevant theory to the topic and to provide the literature with a topic that finds no examples in the literature of Turkey. How the concept of spirituality can be used in harmony with the systemic family therapy approach and what the techniques of the spirituality-based systemic family therapy are have been prepared by being based on the many studies that have been published abroad. Before beginning the study, theoretical information and basic concepts primarily about systemic family therapies are provided, and then it moves on to spirituality-oriented systemic family therapy by briefly mentioning the concept of spirituality. How the concept of spirituality can be applied to systemic family therapy and the points and ethical situations to which counselors need to pay attention are also mentioned. Lastly, sample cases are shared by providing information about the techniques of using religious stories and spiritual dialogue, these techniques being used in spirituality-oriented systemic family therapies.

What’s Next for a National Infrastructure Policy: An Encore or a Requiem?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1087724X2110146
Author(s):  
Richard G. Little
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Many ◽  
National Infrastructure ◽  
Roll Out

In an essay almost 30 years ago, Professor Dick Netzer of NYU asked the question “Do We Really Need a National Infrastructure Policy?” and came to the conclusion that we did not. As the Biden Administration prepares to roll out a multi-trillion dollar infrastructure package, the nation is faced with numerous questions regarding the infrastructure systems necessary to support continued economic growth and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this essay is to look to recent history for guidance for how to proceed by revisiting the underlying premises of the Netzer essay and reconsider whether a National Infrastructure Policy is needed. Because linking infrastructure to broader public policy objectives could both unite the nation and position it to address the many challenges that the 21st century will present, I believe the idea of a National Infrastructure Policy definitely deserves a second look.

Eine Approximation der Löwdinschen natürlichen Orbitale für Moleküle mit einer Green-Funktion-Methode

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Albat
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Mass Operator ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Natural Orbitals ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Many ◽  
Closed Shells

Abstract An Approximation of Löwdin's Natural Orbitals for Molecules with a Green's Function Method The many-body-pertubation theorie of the single-particle Green's function is used to get an approximate first-order density matrix. Slightly modified SCF-orbitals form the basis for the expansion. The mass-operator in Dyson's equation is considered up to second order in the Perturbation. In the present form the method is only applicable to ground states with closed shells. The ground states of the molecules LiH and NH3 serve as examples to demonstrate the usefulness of the directly calculated natural orbitals for application in the C I-method. The natural orbitals give a much better convergence of the C I-expansion than the SCF-orbitals do.

Optical discs in zoological nomenclature: problems and proposed solution

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
PANAKKOOL THAMBAN ANEESH ◽  
AARON M. BAUER ◽  
LUIS M. P. CERÍACO ◽  
GIMO M. DANIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Technology Dependence ◽  
Optical Discs ◽  
Current Code

According to the Code currently in force, taxonomic works presenting nomenclatural novelties published on optical discs may be nomenclaturally available only if published between 1985 and 2013, and respecting some conditions allowing their nomenclatural promulgation. These works will remain accessible to readers only as long as the technologies allowing to read such discs are available to all, but will become inaccessible when these technologies become obsolete. In order to overcome this technology dependence, the Linz Zoocode Committee has decided to publish facsimiles of these works, both on paper and online. For this to be possible, a list of these works needs to be built. We are therefore sending an appeal to the international community to provide information on all taxonomic works including nomenclatural novelties published so far on optical discs, whether available or not under the current Code.

scholarly journals The Linz Zoocode project: a set of new proposals regarding the terminology, the Principles and Rules of zoological nomenclature. First report of activities (2014‒2019)

Bionomina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
AARON M. BAUER ◽  
LUIS M.P. CERÍACO ◽  
FRANÇOIS DUSOULIER ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Creation

In July 2014, the international meeting “Burning questions and problems of zoological nomenclature” was held in Linz (Austria). It acknowledged the presence in the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature of a number of severe problems, and accordingly decided the creation of a new international body, the Linz Zoocode Committee (LZC), in charge of writing the Linz Zoocode, a set of new proposals regarding the terminology, the Principles and Rules of zoological nomenclature. Here we present the first report of the activities of this Committee, covering the period 2014‒2019. It contains the presentation of our work, and the first documents adopted by the Committee: the Preamble and Principles of the Zoocode, the description of its structure and a first instalment of the Zoocode Glossary. The Zoocode regulates the status of zoological nomina and nomenclatural acts (onomatergies). Its aim is to provide an explicit, precise and objective nomenclatural system for the unambiguous and universal naming of all zoological taxa recognised by taxonomists, so that, in the frame of a given classification, the nomen of each taxon is unique and distinct. It relies on a Nomenclatural Process consisting in four main stages: nomenclatural assignment and availability, taxonomic allocation, nomenclatural validity and correctness, and registration of nomina and onomatergies. Whereas the Code currently in force is based on six stated Principles, the Zoocode recognises 17 distinct ones. We here submit these documents to the consideration of the international community of zootaxonomists, in the perspective of the incorporation of these proposals into the next version of the Code.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainable Urban Transformation in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
B. Setiawan ◽  
Tri Mulyani Sunarharum
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Third World

Of the many important events that occurred in the two decades of the 21st century, the process of accelerating urbanization—especially in third-world countries—became something quite phenomenal. It's never even happened before. In the early 2000s, only about 45 percent of the population in the third world lived in urban areas, by 2020 the number had reached about 55 percent. Between now and 2035 the percentage of the population living in urban areas will reach about 85 percent in developed countries. Meanwhile, in developing countries will reach about 65 percent. By 2035, it is also projected that about 80 percent of the world's urban population will live in developing countries' cities.

scholarly journals The Increments of Justice: Exploring the Outer Reach of Akiba’s Edge towards Native Title ‘Ownership’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Young
Keyword(s):  
Court Decision ◽  
Current Regulation ◽  
High Court ◽  
Native Title ◽  
First Peoples ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
The Many

The Torres Strait regional sea claim, culminating in the High Court decision of Akiba v Commonwealth, signalled a new respect for the holistic relationships and dominion that underlay First Peoples’ custodianship of land and waters. The ‘Akiba correction’ centred upon a distinction between ‘underlying rights’ and specific exercises of them – and produced in that case a surviving right to take resources for any purpose (subject to current regulation). The correction emerged from extinguishment disputes, but the significance of this edge towards ‘ownership’ was soon evident in ‘content’ cases on the mainland. Yet there are new challenges coming in the wake of Akiba. What of the many native title determinations that have been settled or adjudicated on pre-Akiba thinking? And what does this renaissance in native title law offer to the communities that will fail (or have failed) the rigorous threshold tests of continuity – also crafted with the older mindset?

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