Analysis of the causes of some ship power plants accidents in the Far Eastern region in 2020

В работе содержится обзор отказов главных силовых установок на судах торгового и рыболовного флота, осуществляющих деятельность в дальневосточных морях с целью установления основных факторов, способствующих возникновению аварии. Решение таких задач, как анализ актов расследования экспертами морских происшествий с отказами судовых технических средств, в первую очередь главных двигателей, применительно к соблюдению судомеханиками обязательных нормативных требований, позволяет эффективнее выявлять проблемы безопасности мореплавания. Нормативно-правовая дисциплина судовой технической службы относится к недостаточно исследованным факторам, влияющим на поломки судовой техники. Ретроспективный анализ ошибочных действий или бездействия судового персонала необходим для выработки мер по снижению аварийности. Одним из перспективных подходов представляется индексация аварий, гармонизированная с действующей в морской отрасли системой кодов. The paper provides an overview of the failures of the main power plants on ships of the merchant and fishing fleets operating in the Far Eastern seas in order to establish the main factors contributing to the occurrence of the accident. The solution of such problems as the analysis of acts of investigation by experts of marine accidents with failures of ship technical equipment, primarily of the main engines, in relation to the observance of mandatory regulatory requirements by ship mechanics, makes it possible to more effectively identify problems of safety of navigation. The regulatory and legal discipline of the ship's technical service is one of the insufficiently studied factors affecting the breakdown of ship equipment. Retrospective analysis of erroneous actions or inaction of shipboard personnel is necessary to develop measures to reduce accidents. One of the promising approaches is the indexing of accidents, harmonized with the current code system in the maritime industry.

Optical discs in zoological nomenclature: problems and proposed solution

According to the Code currently in force, taxonomic works presenting nomenclatural novelties published on optical discs may be nomenclaturally available only if published between 1985 and 2013, and respecting some conditions allowing their nomenclatural promulgation. These works will remain accessible to readers only as long as the technologies allowing to read such discs are available to all, but will become inaccessible when these technologies become obsolete. In order to overcome this technology dependence, the Linz Zoocode Committee has decided to publish facsimiles of these works, both on paper and online. For this to be possible, a list of these works needs to be built. We are therefore sending an appeal to the international community to provide information on all taxonomic works including nomenclatural novelties published so far on optical discs, whether available or not under the current Code.

Experimental Study on Lateral-Load-Resisting Capacity of Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames

In this study, an experimental program was performed on masonry-infilled frame specimens with varied construction precision and masonry thickness. A total of five portal frame specimens, which consist of four masonry-infilled frames and a bare frame, were tested, and the results were analyzed to investigate the effects of construction precision and interaction between the masonry infill and the frame. The test results indicated that the gap in the masonry infill decreased strength by 75% to 80% and stiffness by 55% to 70%. A comparison between the measured and predicted peak strength using the current code shows that the code equations underestimate the strength by up to 70%. This is due to the fact that the contribution of friction in shear resistance of the masonry wall is actually ignored in the current code since no adequate method for estimating the normal force is provided. In addition, reflecting the observation that the failure mode of the columns changed to shear failure when thick masonry walls were used, a mechanical model that can explain the shear failure and enables the estimation of maximum strength was proposed. The maximum strengths of the specimens calculated using the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental results.

LEGAL REGULATION OF MEASURES OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL COERCION

In accordance with the methodology of the system analysis, the legal regulation of measures of administrative and procedural coercion applied in administrative and tort law is considered. An analysis of the current Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and the draft Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses prepared by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and other normative acts is carried out. It is noted that measures to ensure proceedings in cases of administrative offenses occupy a special place in the current administrative legislation. Measures of administrative and procedural coercion are procedural actions of administrative jurisdiction bodies and their officials regulated by administrative and procedural norms, which are carried out in the process of law enforcement activity in order to identify the offense, establish the offender, create conditions for clarifying the circumstances of the case, identify, investigate and consolidate evidence, ensuring the execution of the decision in the case. Special features of administrative and procedural measures of coercion are determined. Considering the coercive nature and restrictions imposed by the application of personal, property, organizational rights, there is a need for detailed regulation of the grounds, conditions, procedure of such measures. The structural separation of measures of administrative and procedural coercion in the procedural part of the normative and legal act on administrative offenses is important. It proves the need for legal optimization of measures to ensure proceedings in cases of administrative offenses. With regard to each measure of administrative and procedural coercion to ensure the proceedings in the case of an administrative offense, the rules of the normative and legal act should include the content of the constituent actions, specific goals, grounds and conditions of application.

Background and General Information

This book is based on the 2020 Edition of ASME B31.3, Process Piping [Code]. Because changes, some very significant, are made to the Code every edition, the reader should refer to the Code for any specific requirements. This book should be considered as providing background information and not specific current Code rules. The equations in this book are numbered sequentially in each chapter. When equations from ASME B31.3 are reproduced herein the latter equation numbers are given as well.

Characteristics of Restrained Drying Shrinkage on Arched Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

The volumetric changes of concrete, including drying shrinkage, are effectively controlled in steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) mixtures due to the action of the included steel fiber. The current code provision in ANSI/SDI C-2017 allows a minimum steel fiber content of 0.2% of the volume fraction of concrete to control drying shrinkage and to manage cracking in the slab. Limited research has addressed replacing the shear reinforcement in concrete beams with steel fiber. In this study, we used newly developed arched steel fiber to evaluate shrinkage characteristics, including free-drying shrinkage and restrained drying shrinkage, of SFRC and scaled-down deck slab elements. We compared the measured drying shrinkage test results to predicted results obtained from models found in the literature. We confirmed that, overall, the number, width, and length of cracks were reduced significantly at the surface of SFRC slabs when arched steel fiber at 0.2% volume fraction was included in the mixture.

Delicts against the sanctity of the Eucharist and the simulation of the liturgical action

The present article addresses two groups of delicts from the sixth book of the current Code of Canon Law (Sanctions in the Church), i.e. Delicts against the sanctity of the Eucharist and the simulation of the liturgical action. The content of this book is debated among theologians and canonists, raising a variety of questions: Does the Church have the right to coerce the faithful with penal sanctions? Should penal law exist in the Church, or do certain organizing measures suffice? Based on the first canon of the sixth book (can. 1311), this article shows that using sanctions is a native right of the Church. Since sacraments, in particular the Eucharist, belong to the essence of the Church, the delicts against the sanctity of the Most Holy Sacrament and the simulation of the Sacraments have a great impact on the life of the Church. Therefore, although there are many open questions and several ambiguities around this issue, the present article argues that the Church needs an adequate legal order in the case of sacraments.

Code Compliance in Reinforce Concrete Design: A Comparative Study of USA Code (ACI) and Chinese Code (GB)

The structural engineering codes dictate the design criteria of the facility. Given that different countries use different parameters to design a facility, different codes are followed. Current code comparison focus on the clauses analysis in the code gives theoretical guideline. When the US facility design team needs to make a decision to follow which code to in China, the current study cannot provide a business decision input. This study evaluates the design process to illustrate when and where the codes will be applied and calculated through a design process where the loading and coefficient factors of different codes are analyzed. Software programs built-in codes are then used to design the structure to obtain the structure result in terms of volume of the concrete and weight of the rebar being calculated. The study also presents a case study and calculates that the United States code uses 8–10% more rebar compared to the Chinese code. The study result can be a reference for the project management team who has to make a business decision over which code to be followed at what cost. The paper also identifies the choice of the seismic coefficient factor has a significant impact on the usage of the rebar and might be justified for the future study.

Problems Encountered by Judges of the Courts of General Jurisdiction in Preparing for the Examination of Administrative Offenses

The paper is devoted to the issues raised by judges of courts of general jurisdiction in the process of preparation for the consideration of administrative offenses. The author highlights the substantive and formal side of the procedural activity of the judge of the court of general jurisdiction at this stage. The current Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences, unlike other procedural codes, carries out fragmentary legal regulation of this issue. The Code on Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation does not contain provisions on the possibility of appealing against (challenging of) the judge’s determination concerning referral of an administrative offense case to proper jurisdiction. The author, on the basis of constitutional provisions, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, argues the stance that determinations on the transfer of administrative cases to proper jurisdiction are subject to an independent appeal (challenge). It is proposed to supplement Art. 29.4 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation with provisions stipulating an opportunity for interested persons to appeal (to challenge) the determinations concerning referral of administrative offenses to proper jurisdiction.

NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SLENDER MASONRY COLUMN SUBJECTED TO BIAXIAL BENDING

The article deals with a method for analysing slender masonry columns. The proposed method uses material and geometric non-linearity. Various stress-strain diagrams can be used: linear, linear-plastic, parabolic-plastic, two various parabolic and rigid-plastic. In all cases, the tensile strength is neglected. The method can be used for analysing the column in accordance with Eurocodes in two ways: SLS (serviceability limit state) and ULS (ultimate limit state). The internal forces are calculated on a general beam model, with imperfections in both directions, which result in two bending moments in two perpendicular planes – biaxial bending. This case is not covered by the current code – Eurocode, even though all columns are more or less loaded in both directions. In this numerical study, using Matlab software, an algorithm was developed for modelling a real 3D case. The results of this study are also compared to the results of laboratory tests of masonry columns.