Morphology and phylogeny of Pseudorobillarda eucalypti sp. nov., from Thailand

Pseudorobillarda is a coelomycete genus of Dothideomycetes with appendaged conidia and 15 species epithets. In this study, we isolated four strains of Pseudorobillarda from dead leaves in Thailand. DNA sequence data generated from the large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (nuLSU) gene was used in phylogenetic studies. The phylogenetic trees generated indicate that Pseudorobillarda form a distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes that may eventually require separate family status. The Pseudorobillarda strains comprised two distinct species and this is also supported by morphological characteristics. In this paper we introduce a new species of Pseudorobillarda, P. eucalypti and compare it with other species of the genus. We also deposit data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA (nuSSU),the RNA polymerase II 2nd largest subunit genes (RPB2), Translation Elongation Factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and β-Tubulin (Bt) genes from each strain in GenBank for future studies.

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Four new species in the Tremella fibulifera complex (Tremellales, Basidiomycota)

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.82.63241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 33-56

Author(s):

Long-Fei Fan ◽

Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga ◽

Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni ◽

Fang Wu ◽

Yu-Cheng Dai

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Rrna Gene

Samples of species close to Tremella fibulifera from China and Brazil are studied, and T. fibulifera is confirmed as a species complex including nine species. Five known species (T. cheejenii, T. fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera”, T. lloydiae-candidae and T. olens) and four new species (T. australe, T. guangxiensis, T. latispora and T. subfibulifera) in the complex are recognized based on morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and geographic distribution. Sequences of eight species of the complex were included in the phylogenetic analyses because T. olens lacks molecular data. The phylogenetic analyses were performed by a combined sequence dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU), and a combined sequence dataset of the ITS, partial nLSU, the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2). The eight species formed eight independent lineages with robust support in phylogenies based on both datasets. Illustrated description of the six species including Tremella fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera” and four new species, and discussions with their related species, are provided. A table of the comparison of the important characteristics of nine species in the T. fibulifera complex and a key to the whitish species in Tremella s.s. are provided.

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04430-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites of the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes. Results Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum n. sp. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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Five Fungal Pathogens Are Responsible for Bayberry Twig Blight and Fungicides Were Screened for Disease Control

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8050689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 689 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenjun Li ◽

Ming Hu ◽

Yang Xue ◽

Zhijun Li ◽

Yanfei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Its Region ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Field Application ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Twig Blight

Bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a commercial fruit in China. For the past seven years, twig blight disease has been attacking bayberry plantations in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China, leading to destructive damage and financial loss. In this study, five fungal species associated with twig dieback and stem blight were identified based on morphological characteristics combined with multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial sequences of β-tubulin (tub2), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) genes, which are Epicoccum sorghinum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Nigrospora oryzae and a Pestalotiopsis new species P. myricae. P. myricae is the chief pathogen in fields, based on its high isolation rate and fast disease progression after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the above five fungi as the pathogens responsible for bayberry twig blight. Indoor screening of fungicides indicates that Prochloraz (copper salt) is the most promising fungicide for field application, followed by Pyraclostrobin, 15% Difenoconazole + 15% Propiconazole, Difenoconazole and Myclobutanil. Additionally, Bacillus velezensis strain 3–10 and zeamines from Dickeya zeae strain EC1 could be used as potential ecofriendly alternatives to control the disease.

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Nematodes associated with terrestrial slugs from canola fields and ornamental nurseries in South Africa

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4312.1.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4312 (1) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ANNIKA PIETERSE ◽

ANTOINETTE P. MALAN ◽

LAURA M. KRUITBOS ◽

WILLEM SIRGEL ◽

JENNA L. ROSS

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Nematode Species ◽

First Record ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Western Cape ◽

Molecular Sequence Data ◽

Molecular Sequence

A survey of nematodes that use terrestrial slugs as definitive hosts, was conducted in canola fields and ornamental nurseries located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. A total of 3290 slugs were collected from 22 different sites. On the identification of the slugs, they were vivisected and examined for internal nematodes. After identifying the nematodes found, on the basis of their morphological characteristics, their identity was confirmed using molecular sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2), D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU or 28S) and small subunit (SSU or 18S) ribosomal DNA. Of the 22 sites investigated, 13 had nematodes present, with 8 % of the slugs being found to be infected with nematodes. Seven nematode species were confirmed, including Agfa flexilis, Angiostoma margaretae, Angiostoma sp. (SA1), Caenorhabditis elegans, mermithid sp. (SA1), Phasmarhabditis sp. (SA3) and Phasmarhabditis sp. (SA4). In addition, several Angiostoma spp. were also isolated, but could only be identified to genus level due to limited material. Of the seven confirmed species, four were previously undescribed. This is the first record of A. margaretae associating with Deroceras panormitanum, Deroceras reticulatum, Lehmannia valentiana and Oopelta polypunctata. Also, this is the first time that a mermithid has been found associating with molluscs in South Africa.

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Naganishia floricola sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from flowers of Sorbaria sorbifolia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.004304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 4496-4501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Zhou ◽

Bi-Si Jia ◽

Yu-Guang Zhou ◽

Ai-Hua Li ◽

Lu Xue

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Novel Species ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

Its Region ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Basidiomycetous Yeast ◽

D2 Domain

Two yeast strains representing a novel species in the basidiomycetous yeast genus Naganishia were isolated from flowers of Sorbaria sorbifolia collected in Beijing Olympic Forest Park, PR China. Results of multi-gene phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two strains were closely related to the type strains of Naganishia bhutanensis (CBS 6294T) and Naganishia antarctica (CBS 7687T). However, the new isolates differed from N. bhutanensis CBS 6294T by 1.79 % sequence divergence in the D1/D2 domain (11 nt substitutions and three indels), and 2.42 % (15 nt differences and one indel) to N. antarctica CBS 7687T. In the ITS region, the new isolates showed 1.15 % divergence (7 nt substitutions and one indel) to N. bhutanensis CBS 6294T and 0.92 % divergence (5 nt substitutions and no indels) to N. antarctica CBS 7687T. A phylogenetic analysis employing the sequences of six genes (D1/D2 domain of large subunit rDNA, ITS, small subunit rDNA, two subunits of the RNA polymerase II and elongation factor-1α) indicated that the novel species belonged to the genus Naganishia and formed a well-supported clade with N. bhutanensis, N. antarctica and N. indica. Moreover, the two strains differed from their closest relatives by the ability to grow on distinct carbon and nitrogen sources and ability to grow at 30 °C. On the basis of these findings, we propose a novel species in the genus Naganishia (Filobasidiales), Naganishia floricola sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.5856).

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Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7110893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Asha J. Dissanayake ◽

Ya-Ya Chen ◽

Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽

Jian-Kui Liu

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Large Subunit Rrna

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.

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Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora

Fungal Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

P.W. Crous ◽

U. Braun ◽

B.A. McDonald ◽

C.L. Lennox ◽

J. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Ammophila Arenaria ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Three New Species

The taxonomy of Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera. Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), actin (act), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. Oculimacula is restricted to two species, O. acuformis and O. yallundae, with O. aestiva placed in Cyphellophora, and O. anguioides accommodated in a new genus, Helgardiomyces. Rhynchosporium s. str. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while Rhynchobrunnera is introduced for species with 1–3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. Rhynchosporium graminicola is proposed to replace the name R. commune applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. Spermospora is shown to be paraphyletic, representing Spermospora (type: S. subulata), with three new species, S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila and S. zeae, and Neospermospora gen. nov. (type: N. avenae). Ypsilina (type: Y. graminea), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally, Vanderaaea gen. nov. (type: V. ammophilae), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of Ammophila arenaria.

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Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hydnellum (Bankeraceae, Basidiomycota) from China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7100818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Yan-Hong Mu ◽

Jia-Rui Yu ◽

Ting Cao ◽

Xiang-Hua Wang ◽

Hai-Sheng Yuan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Morphological Studies

The genus Hydnellum is an important group of stipitate hydnaceous fungi which can form ectomycorrhiza with many species of woody plants. In recent decades, the frequency and number of basidiocarps observed in China have been declining significantly. So far, however, we know little about the species diversity of Hydnellum in China. In this study, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sections of multiple loci, including the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), as well as morphological studies, of collected samples of Hydnellum from China. We also inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the order Thelephorales from the dataset of the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has revealed the phylogenetic position of Hydnellum in the order Thelephorales, and phylogenetically confirmed ten major clades in Thelephorales; Twenty-nine taxa are proposed, described or reported, including 10 new subgenera (Hydnellum subgenus Hydnellum, subg. Caesispinosum, subg. Croceum, subg. Inflatum, subg. Rhizomorphum, subg. Scabrosum, subg. Spongiosum, subg. Subindufibulatum, subg. Violaceum and subg. Zonatum), 11 new species (Hydnellum atrorubrum, H. atrospinosum, H. bomiense, H. brunneorubrum, H. fibulatum, H. granulosum, H. inflatum, H. rubidofuscum, H. squamulosum, H. sulcatum and H. yunnanense), 3 newly recorded species (H. caeruleum, H. peckii and H. spongiosipes) and 5 notable specimens (Hydnellum sp 1, H. sp 2, H. sp 3, H. sp 4 and H. sp 5). A classification system based on the morphological characteristics (especially the hyphal structure types) and molecular analyses is proposed to accommodate most species in Hydnellum. The distinguishing characters of the subgenera and the new species with their closely related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of Hydnellum from China is provided.

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Dothidea kunmingensis, a novel asexual species of Dothideaceae on Jasminum nudiflorum (winter jasmine) from Southwestern China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 529 (1) ◽

pp. 43-56

Author(s):

YING GAO ◽

JUTAMART MONKAI ◽

ELENI GENTEKAKI ◽

GUANG-CONG REN ◽

DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Small Subunit Rrna ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Large Subunit Rrna

During a survey of saprobic microfungi in Southwest China, a coelomycetous fungus was found on dead twigs of Jasminum nudiflorum in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Based on a detailed morphological characterization coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, the fungus was identified as a new species in the genus Dothidea. Phylogenetic analyses using a combined matrix consisting of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA (LSU), small subunit rRNA (SSU), beta tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1-α) confirmed its placement in Dothideaceae and revealed a sister relationship to Dothidea eucalypti. The new species is characterized by pycnidial conidiomata, ampulliform or doliiform conidiogenous cells as well as aseptate, subglobose to ovoid, hyaline to pale-brown conidia. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided. Morphological characteristics of asexual morph taxa in Dothideaceae are also summarized and discussed.

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Unveiling the Hidden Diversity of Rock-Inhabiting Fungi: Chaetothyriales from China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Wei Sun ◽

Lei Su ◽

Shun Yang ◽

Jingzu Sun ◽

Bingjie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Natural Rock ◽

Rock Inhabiting Fungi

Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) are nonlichenized fungi that naturally colonize rock surfaces and subsurfaces. The extremely slow growth rate and lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics of RIF resulted in a poor understanding on their biodiversity. In this study, we surveyed RIF colonizing historical stone monuments and natural rock formations from throughout China. Among over 1000 isolates, after preliminary delimitation using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, representative isolates belonging to Trichomeriaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae were selected for a combined analysis of ITS and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nucLSU) to determine the generic placements. Eight clades representing seven known genera and one new genus herein named as Anthracina were placed in Trichomeriaceae. While, for Herpotrichiellaceae, two clades corresponded to two genera: Cladophialophora and Exophiala. Fine-scale phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of the partial actin gene (ACT), ITS, mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mtSSU), nucLSU, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU), translation elongation factor (TEF), and β-tubulin gene (TUB) revealed that these strains represented 11 and 6 new species, respectively, in Trichomeriaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae. The 17 new species were described, illustrated for their morphologies and compared with similar taxa. Our study demonstrated that the diversity of RIF is surprisingly high and still poorly understood. In addition, a rapid strategy for classifying RIF was proposed to determine the generic and familial placements through preliminary ITS and nucLSU analyses, followed by combined analyses of five loci selected from ACT, ITS, mtSSU, nucLSU, RPB1, and/or the second subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), SSU, TEF, and TUB regions to classify RIF to the species level.

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