Revision of herbarium specimens of freshwater Enteromorpha-like Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) collected from Central Europe during the years 1849–1959

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stanisław Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
Water Ecosystems

This paper presents results concerning the taxonomic revision of Ulva taxa originating from herbarium specimens dating back to 1849–1959. A staining and softening mixture was applied to allow a detailed morphometric analysis of thalli and cells and to detect many morphological details. The study focused on individuals collected exclusively from inland water ecosystems (having no contact with sea water). Detailed analysis concerned the following items: structures of thalli and cells, number of pyrenoids per cell, configuration of cells inside the thallus, occurrence or not of branching thallus, shapes of apical cells, and shape of chromatophores. The objective of the study was to confirm the initial identifications of specimens of Ulva held in herbaria. The study sought to determine whether saltwater species of the genus Ulva, e.g., Ulva compressa and U. intestinalis, could have been found in European freshwater ecosystems in 19th and 20th centuries. Moreover, the paper presents a method for the initial treatment of voucher specimens for viewing stained cellular structures that are extremely vulnerable to damage (the oldest specimens were more than 160 years old). The use of a glycerine-based softening mixture allowed the detailed analysis of the anatomic structure of cells as well as the determination of the number and size of pyrenoids, i.e., some of the key taxonomic features of Ulva taxa. Most of specimens were identified as belonging to the species U. flexuosa. Marine species such as Ulva intestinalis or U. compressa were not confirmed to occur in the inland water ecosystems of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Hydrocarbon pollution of the Azov Sea water ecosystems and its differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Temerdashev ◽  
L. F. Pavlenko ◽  
I. G. Korpakova ◽  
B. D. Eletskii
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pollution ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Water Ecosystems

scholarly journals Inland water microcrustacean assemblages in an altitudinal gradient in Aysen region (46° S, Patagonia Chile)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante ◽  
Esteban Quinán ◽  
Patricio Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Torres Del Paine

The Chilean Patagonia has numerous kinds of inland water ecosystems such as lakes, ponds, wetlands and rivers that have been poorly studied due to access difficulties. This study was carried out in Aysen region, in southern Chile, and it included different kinds of water bodies such as rivers, streams, ponds, lagoons and lakes distributed along an altitudinal gradient at 46° S. It was found a low species number, essentially cladocerans, copepods and amphipods. A null model was applied in order to determine the existence of regulator factors of species associations, and the results revealed that they are not random. The patterns would be influenced by geographical and limnological characteristics of the studied sites. Our results would agree with regional studies on habitat heterogeneity such as in Torres del Paine National Park and other zones in Tierra del Fuego island.

The accumulation and excretion of radioactive caesium by the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the thornback ray (Raia clavata)

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Jefferies ◽  
C. J. Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Processing Plants

INTRODUCTIONThe caesium radionuclides, caesium-137 and caesium-134, are important constituents of aqueous radioactive effluents discharged to the environment of the United Kingdom from fuel re-processing plants and nuclear power stations (Howells, 1966; Mitchell, Harvey & Smith, 1968; Harvey, Baker & Mitchell, 1969). Their accumulation by marine fishes has been the subject of several previous studies, beginning with that of Chipman (1959) who noted that caesium-137 was accumulated in the flesh of the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and that accumulation continued even after a period of 72 days. Similarly, Hiyama & Shimizu (1964) showed that the muscle of the common goby (Acanthobus flaviamus) continued to accumulate caesium-134 from sea water after periods of 30 days. Baptist & Price (1962) have examined the whole body uptake of caesium, by absorption from sea water, in two marine species, the flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and the Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus), and they also investigated the accumulation, tissue distribution and excretion of caesium-137 in the croaker, the little tuna (Euthynnus alleteratus) and the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatoux), following oral administration of single doses. These authors concluded that the heart, liver and spleen of the croaker absorbed caesium-137 from sea water at a faster rate than the muscle, and that orally administered caesium-137 was rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract. Tissue distributions were similar in the croaker, bluefish and tuna. The retention of caesium-137 in croaker tissue was described as a multiple rate process. In later experiments Hiyama & Shimizu (1969) compared turnover rates in various organs and tissues following uptake from sea water and from single injection experiments, and obtained good agreement between the values from the two methods.

A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Epidendreae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 342 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
CLÁUDIA A. BASTOS ◽  
THIAGO E. C. MENEGUZZO ◽  
CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
New Occurrences

A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia is presented, based on analysis of roughly 1,400 herbarium specimens, including types. Thirty-nine species and one variety are listed for Brazil; we indicate 101 synonyms, of which eight are newly proposed. Lectotypes are chosen for five names (E. chironii, E. dutrae, E. paraënsis, E. tripartita and Epidendrum capartianum), including accepted names and synonyms. Two names are indicated as invalid (E. randii var. rondoniensis and E. vazzoleri), one name as a nomen nudum (E. guesneliana) and another as superfluous (Epidendrum pabstii). The occurrence of E. auyantepuiensis and E. thienii is confirmed for Brazil, and new occurrences are documented of E. fimbriata in Minas Gerais (in addition to Bahia) and E. linearifolioides in Maranhão and possibly Paraná (in addition to Matto Grosso and Tocatins States and Bolivia and Paraguay). All species are described and illustrated, and distribution maps are included. For both varieties of E. patens, nomenclatural and taxonomic notes are provided.

Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 392-423
Author(s):  
Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽  
Pablo Moroni ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽  
Nataly O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

A taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria (Rosaceae) with a new infrageneric classification based on morphology, micromorphology, and palynology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
JUN-HO SONG ◽  
SUK-PYO HONG
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Palynological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Classification

In the present study, we presented a taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria (Sorbarieae; Amygdaloideae) with a new infrageneric classification. Moreover, we extensively reviewed various data for Sorbaria species, including previous anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological data. The new sectional classification was based on morphological, micromorphological, and palynological evidence, with two sections: sect. Sorbaria aut. and sect. Kirilowiana J.-H. Song & S.-P. Hong (sect. nov.). Overall, four species and five varieties (including two nomenclatural novelties) were recognized: S. sorbifolia (Linnaeus) A. Braun var. sorbifolia, S. sorbifolia var. glandulifolia J.-H. Song & S.-P. Hong, S. sorbifolia var. stellipila Maximowicz, S. pallasii (G. Don) Pojarkova, S. tomentosa (Lindley) Rehder var. tomentosa, S. tomentosa var. angustifolia (Wenzig) Rahn., S. kirilowii (Regel & Tiling) Maximowicz var. kirilowii, S. kirilowii var. arborea (C.K. Schneider) J.-H. Song & S.-P. Hong (comb. & stat. nov.), and S. kirilowii var. dubia (C.K. Schneider) J.-H. Song & S.-P. Hong (comb. nov.). Some illustrations and syntype were designated as the lectotype for several names. The classification was based on a comprehensive morphological examination of herbarium specimens, including field observations and observations of types, micromorphological, and palynological characteristics. In addition, we provided an identification key, diagnostic characteristics, full descriptions, comprehensive nomenclatural treatments and taxonomic notes (including complete synonymy), and distribution maps of Sorbaria species.

First record of Stenostomum sphagnetorum (Platyhelminthes, Catenulida) from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
DAIZY BHARTI ◽  
FRANCISCO BRUSA ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World

Catenulida are mostly inhabitants of freshwater ecosystems, like ponds, streams, though the marine species are few (Larsson and Willems, 2010). About 110 species of catenulids are known worldwide, with most of the studies conducted in South America (Marcus, 1945a, 1945b; Noreña et al., 2005), North America (Kepner and Carter 1931; Nuttycombe and Waters, 1938) and Scandinavian Peninsula (Luther, 1960, Larsson and Willems, 2010; Larsson et al., 2008). The diversity of catenulids from India has not been studied intensively; however some reports on other turbellaria exists for the country (Annandale, 1912; Whitehouse, 1913; Kapadia, 1947; Basil and Fernando, 1975; Apte and Pitale, 2011; Kalita and Goswami, 2012; Venkataraman et al., 2015). The genus Stenostomum, however, has been studied extensively around the world with identification of over 60 species (Tyler et al., 2006-2016). This is first report of the genus from India. The present study was part of the project to catalogue the diversity of free living protozoan ciliates from the Hooghly stretch of the Ganga River during which the flatworms were found. The worms were studied based on the live observations, with recognition of characters which led to its identification. This study serves to fill knowledge gap in the freshwater flatworms from India. 

Can morphology and chromosome number contribute to species delimitation? A case in the Hibiscus trionum complex (Tribe Hibisceae, Malvaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
MOHAMED OWIS BADRY ◽  
JENNIFER A. TATE ◽  
PRASHANT JOSHI ◽  
AHMED MAHMOUD ABBAS ◽  
SOHAIR THABET HAMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of Hibiscus trionum from Egypt was undertaken using morphological and cytological studies of field collections and herbarium specimens. The data indicate that all specimens so far collected in Egypt belong to H. tridactylites, rather than H. trionum. This paper includes a comprehensive description of H. tridactylites, its occurrence, a comparison with other species in the H. trionum complex, and comments on habitat, along with images for easy identification. In addition, chromosome counts for this species from Egypt have been determined for the first time, which add to existing information on chromosome counts for the species from different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Piotr Klimaszyk ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Water is the substance that made life on Earth possible. It plays a key role in both the individual and population development of all species. Water is also a critical resource for humans as populations continue to grow and climate change affects global and local water cycles. Water is a factor limiting economic development in many regions of the world. Under these conditions, good water quality becomes an extremely important factor that determines its economic utility, including water supply, recreation, and agriculture. Proper water quality maintenance of freshwater ecosystems is also very important for preserving biodiversity. The quality of water depends on many factors, the most important of which are related to human impact on water ecosystems, especially the impact of various pollutants from municipal economy, industry and agriculture. Hydrotechnical changes, such as river damming, drainage processes and water transport between catchments also have a significant impact. Water quality is also dependent on the impact of natural conditions connected, e.g., with climate, catchment, water organisms and their interactions within the food-webs, etc. This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific papers concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relations between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. The majority of the research presented in this Special Issue was carried out in Central Europe, and one of the papers concerns the area of West Africa—the edge of temperate climate zone.

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