Morphology and chaetotaxy of the larval stages of Andogyrus seriatopunctatus Régimbart (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Gyrinidae)

The larval stages of Andogyrus seriatopunctatus Régimbart are described and illustrated, including morphometric and chaetotaxic characters. A larval ground pattern for the chaetotaxic characters is presented; it is based on first instar larvae of A. seriatopunctatus. Unidentified larvae of Dineutus MacLeay and a third instar larva of Gyrinus argentinus Steinheil were also inspected. For chaetotaxic homologization comparisons with other adephagan families were performed, mainly with Carabidae and Dytiscidae. The ground pattern is considered provisional due to the lack of previous studies in this family. Larvae of A. seriatopunctatus are briefly compared to those of A. buqueti (Aubé). Notes on the biology of A. seriatopunctatus are also included.

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Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae ◽

10.1515/aemnp-2017-0070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 215-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrés Campoy ◽

Celeste Pérez-Bañón ◽

Tore R. Nielsen ◽

Santos Rojo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Larval Stages ◽

The Third ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

The Common ◽

Third Instar Larva ◽

Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The flower- or hoverflies (Syrphidae) and particularly the subfamily Eristalinae, are known by their importance as pollinators in both natural and agro-ecosystems. Similar to other saprophagous eristalines, the larvae of Eristalis Latreille, 1804 are characterized by an elongated anal segment and a telescopic breathing tube. These features have given them the common name of rat-tailed maggots and allow them to develop in liquid or semi-liquid media loaded with decaying organic material. This paper presents the first description of the egg and the third-instar larva of the boreal species Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838). Morphological studies are presented based on cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). After comparison with all other known species of the genus Eris-talis with described preimaginal morphology, we conclude that main diagnostic character of E. fratercula is the presence of long branched spicules located in the upper margin on the lateral lips. Finally, we provide an updated key that includes the 15 Eristalis species whose third larval stages have already been described.

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Biology and morphology of immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z90-144 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 1000-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. C. Thireau ◽

J. Régnière ◽

C. Cloutier

Keyword(s):

Average Duration ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Head Region ◽

Larval Stages ◽

First Instar ◽

Immature Development ◽

First Time

The immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier., developing in larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), are described. The egg of M. trachynotus is of the stalked type. There are three larval stages. The first instar has a caudal appendage which stops growing in the second instar and is lost when the larva exits from the host in the third instar. Only the first and third instars have sclerotized structures. The head region of the first instar bears a pair of hooklike appendages which are described for the first time. Cephalic sclerites of the last instar larva of other species of Meteorus are compared with those of M. trachynotus. The average duration of immature development at 23 °C was 18 days, the egg stage lasted 3 days, the first, second, and third instars lasted 5, 2.5, and 2.5 days, respectively, and the pupal stage lasted 5 days.

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Observations on the biology of Caraphractus cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a parasitoid of the eggs of Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). 2. Immature stages and seasonal history with a review of Mymarid larvae

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000070530 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 269-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dorothy J. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Single Cells ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Host Larva ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Larval Stages ◽

First Instar ◽

Commonwealth Institute ◽

Last Stage ◽

Host Embryo ◽

Seasonal History

The immature stages of Caraphractus cinctus Walker are described.Four larval stages have been observed which may correspond to three or four instars. In no stage have mandibles been observed.The first-instar larva is elongated and active. In the second-instar oral lobes are present. In the next stage the larva becomes shapeless and rather transparent. In the last stage the wall of the mid-gut shows conspicuous opaque spots which consist of single cells containing spherical concretions, probably the products of excretion.These concretions later become free in the gut of the pupa and are discharged in the meconium when the imago emerges from the host egg.The effects of parasitism on the host eggs of different ages is discussed. In newly laid host eggs all the contents are consumed by the parasitic larvae. In advanced eggs of Agabus the egg of Caraphractus is laid in the mid-gut of the host embryo where the parasitic larva develops, the hard parts of the host larva remaining intact. Parasitism in advanced eggs of Dytiscus is rarely successful.The larvae of other Mymaridae are discussed and their main features compared. The first-instar larva of Caraphractus does not correspond to any of the previously described types of mymarid larvae.The seasonal history is described, with the sequence of hosts parasitized throughout the year. From four to six generations of Caraphractus have been bred indoors during the year. The winter is passed as a diapausing prepupa. In some cases diapause may be prolonged. Fertility is high: 121 imagines have been bred from one female of Caraphractus.I have much pleasure in acknowledging my gratitude to the late Dr W. D. Hincks for his kindness in reading the typescript of this paper: the comments by such a well-known authority on Mymaridae have been most valuable. I am very grateful to Mr O. Bakkendorf for allowing me to reproduce several of his figures of Mymarid larvae from the valuable work he devoted to the biology of Danish hymenopterous egg-parasites. I am also grateful to Miss B. A. Trott of the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology for the help she has so kindly given me with references.

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Curculio Curculis lupus: biology, behavior and morphology of immatures of the cannibal weevil Anchylorhynchus eriospathae G. G. Bondar, 1943

10.7287/peerj.preprints.339 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno A S de Medeiros ◽

Daniela C Bená ◽

Sergio A Vanin

Keyword(s):

Instar Larva ◽

Adult Size ◽

Larval Stages ◽

First Instar ◽

History Of ◽

Early Instar ◽

Living Organisms ◽

The One ◽

Plant Feeders ◽

New Synonymy

Weevils are one of the largest groups of living organisms, with more than 60,000 species feeding mostly on plants. With only one exception, their described larvae are typical plant-feeders, with mouthparts adapted to chewing plant material. Here we describe the second case of a weevil with early-instar larvae adapted to killing conspecifics. We have studied the life history of Anchylorhynchus eriospathae G. G. Bondar, 1943, a species whose immatures feed internally on palm flowers and fruits. We provide detailed descriptions of all immature stages, including the extremely modified first-instar larva. Unlike other weevils and later instars, this stage exhibits a flat body with very long ventropedal lobe setae, a large and prognathous head with a gula, and falciform mandibles, each with a serrate retinaculum, that are used to fight with and eventually kill other first-instar larvae. We also provide biological notes on all stages and the results of behavioral tests that showed that larval aggression occurs only among early life stages. Finally we show that adult size is highly dependent on timing of oviposition. This specialized killer first instar probably evolved independently from the one other case known in weevils (in Revena rubiginosa). Interestingly, both lineages inhabit the same hosts, raising the possibility that both intra- and inter-specific competition shaped those phenotypes. Given the scarcity of knowledge on early larval stages of concealed insect herbivores, it is possible that our findings represent an instance of a much broader phenomenon. Our observations also allowed us to conclude that Anchylorhynchus eriospathae and A. hatschbachi G. G. Bondar, 1943 are actually the same species, which we synonymize here by considering the latter as a junior synonym (new synonymy).

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Toksisitas Ekstrak Biji Mahoni Terhadap Ulat Plutella xylostella pada Daun Kubis

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v22i1.28600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ayu Putri Dwi Ariyanti ◽

Subagiya Subagiya ◽

Ato Sulistyo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

First Instar ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Third Instar Larva

Plutella xylostella is one of cabbage’s main pests. Botanical insecticides as alternative of chemical insecticides need to be expand, one of them is mahogany seed extract. Mahogany seed exctract contains saponin and flavonoid as reported mortal to P. xylostella. This study aimed to know the effective concentration of mahogany seed extract to manage P. xylostella different larva instar and to know LC50 value of mahogany seed extract to P. xylostella. This method used was completely randomized experimental design (CRD). Two factors used were mahogany seed exctract concentrations (0 gL-1, 5 gL-1, 10 gL-1, 20 gL-1, and 40 gL-1) and larva instar (first and third instar). Each treatment repeated four times. The results showed that percentage of larva mortality first instar higher than third instar. Concentration 20 gL-1 of mahogany seed exctract effective to kill first instar larva, and concentration 40 gL-1 effective for third instar. Percentage of pupa mortality highest in concentration 10 gL-1 for first instar and concentration 40 gL-1 for third instar larva. Antifeedant increased as concentration given, while the eating ability that higher in third instar was decreased. LC50 for first instar larva was 2,6 gL-1 and third instar was 13,7 gL-1, meaned that mahogany seed extract more toxic to first instar than third instar larva.

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Descriptions of the first-instar larva of the hypogaeic species Neobidessodes limestoneensis (Watts & Humphreys) and of the third-instar larva of Hydroglyphus balkei Hendrich (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) with phylogenetic considerations

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2658.1.2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2658 (1) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽

YVES ALARIE ◽

CHRIS H. S. WATTS

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Segment ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

The Third ◽

First Instar ◽

First Time ◽

Third Instar Larva ◽

Occipital Foramen

The first-instar larva of Neobidessodes Hendrich & Balke (through the hypogaeic species N. limestoneensis (Watts & Humphreys)) and the third-instar larva of Hydroglyphus Motschulsky (through H. balkei Hendrich) (Dytiscidae: Bidessini) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A cladistic analysis including 51 characters and 32 hydroporine taxa is performed, which supports the inclusion of both genera in the tribe Bidessini based on the absence of the primary pore ABc on the last abdominal segment. The third instar of H. balkei is characterized by the absence of secondary setae on the urogomphi and anterior secondary setae on the coxa, and the presence of 8–9 secondary setae on the mesofemur. On the other hand, the first instar of N. limestoneensis bears 14 lamellae clypeales on the anteroventral margin of the nasale. This species has evolved several morphological characters that are probably associated with its hypogaeic existence, including a lightly sclerotized body, relatively longer cephalic capsule and mandibles, a strongly reduced occipital foramen, absence of stemmata, and short claws. However, primary chaetotaxy apparently has remained as a very conservative expression of the phenotype.

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LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF RHABDOPHAGA SP. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), A GALL MIDGE ATTACKING WILLOW IN MICHIGAN

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent100184-2 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 184-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Louis F. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Head Capsule ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Larval Instars ◽

The Third ◽

First Instar ◽

Third Instar Larva ◽

Salix Discolor

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Rhabdophaga sp. cannot be determined until a complete revision of the genus occurs. Rhabdophaga sp. on Salix discolor Mühl. is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge in mid-April, and shortly afterward deposit numerous eggs on the setaceous undersurface of emerging willow leaves; larval eclosion occurs between 1 and 2 weeks later. Head capsule measurements reveal three larval instars. The first-instar larva bores into the stem until it reaches the pith. Gall development begins about mid-June shortly after the second instar appears. The third-instar larva overwinters in the gall and the pupa appears in early April. The prolate gall is found on the proximal ends of young willow shoots; heavily galled shoots usually die.

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The insect Parasites of the Carrot Fly, Psila rosae, Fab.

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300030054 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 507-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. W. Wright ◽

Q. A. Geering ◽

D. G. Ashby

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Rare Occurrence ◽

Psila Rosae ◽

Larval Stages ◽

First Instar ◽

Carrot Fly ◽

Insect Parasites ◽

Host Relations

Four insect parasites of the carrot fly have been encountered and of these three have been identified as Dacnusa gracilis, Loxotropa tritoma, and Aleochara sparsa. The fourth is a member of the genus Kleidotoma, species not yet ascertained.The life-history, development and host relations of D. gracilis and L. tritoma are given together with data on their distribution and range of parasitism.L. tritoma also occurs as a hyperparasite of D. gracilis but this appears to be quite fortuitous.Experimental evidence is brought forward to show that the first instar larva of L. tritoma goes into a diapause in early July, that a period at a low temperature is necessary to break this and hence development is only completed in the following spring.A description is given of the three larval stages of A. sparsa.Brief reference is made to the Kleidotoma sp. which appears to be of rare occurrence.

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DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE CYNIPID HEXACOLA SP. NEAR WEBSTERI (EUCOILINAE: HYMENOPTERA), A LARVAL–PUPAL PARASITE OF HIPPELATES EYE GNATS (DIPTERA: CHLOROPIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1061043-10 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 106 (10) ◽

pp. 1043-1048

Author(s):

Fred M. Eskafi ◽

E. Fred Legner

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Immature Stages ◽

First Instar ◽

Pupal Parasite ◽

Third Instar Larva

AbstractHexacola sp. near websteri (Crawford), an imported larval–pupal parasite of Hippelates eye gnats, was reared in the laboratory on this host and its immature stages were diagrammed. The duration of each stage at 26 °C was as follows: egg, 2 days; first instar larva, 2 days; second instar larva, 3 days; third instar larva, 4 days; and pupa, 6–7 days. The morphological characters are compared with those of related species and the feeding activity of the larva is described.

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LABORATORY STUDIES ON PERISTENUS PALLIPES AND P. PSEUDOPALLIPES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent108815-8 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 108 (8) ◽

pp. 815-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. P. Lim ◽

R. K. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Larval Stage ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Lygus Lineolaris ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Tarnished Plant Bug ◽

Larval Stages ◽

The Third ◽

First Instar

AbstractDevelopment of P. pallipes, from egg to emerged larva, in the tarnished plant bug lasts 24.49 ± 2.38 days at 25 °C/16 h and 20 °C/8 h and 77 ± 5% R.H. with 16 h illumination.Eggs of P. pseudopallipes need 72–96 h to hatch under the above-cited regime. At least three distinct larval stages can be recognized without special staining procedures. The first instar larva is a caudate-mandibulate type. The second larval stage is acaudate and lives in the host haemocoele. The third larval stage is also acaudate and emerges from the host. The pupa is an exarate type diapausing in a cocoon. P. pseudopallipes is an arrhenotokous species. The longevity of the adults in the laboratory is about 16 days. The adult oviposits into the host abdomen.Survival of diapausing pupae is better at 16 h photophase than at 8 h photophase.

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