Insects found in birds’ nests from Argentina: cytogenetic studies in Cimicidae (Hemiptera) and its taxonomical and phylogenetic implications

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2315 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA G. POGGIO ◽  
MARIA J. BRESSA ◽  
ALBA G. PAPESCHI ◽  
OSVALDO DI IORIO ◽  
PAOLA TURIENZO
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

The Cimicidae (Hemiptera) are known to be blood ectoparasites primarily on birds and bats. Three species of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae are known from Argentina: Acanthocrios furnarii, Ornithocoris toledoi, and Psitticimex uritui; all feed on diverse avian hosts. The chromosome number and male meiosis of A. furnarii, and P. uritui from new Argentinean samples are analyzed and compared with previous data. The sample of A. furnarii described by Ueshima (1966) with 2n = 32 + XY (male), strikingly differs from the present results (2n = 10 + XY, male). The diploid number of P. uritui agree with the previously reported by Ueshima (1966), 2n = 28 + X 1 X 2 Y (male). Taxonomical implications about the identity of A. furnarii are discussed and the mechanisms of the karyotype evolution of species belonging to Haematosiphoninae are proposed.

scholarly journals Karyotypes of three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) enable morphologically similar species to be distinguished

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cansanção Silva ◽  
Lucas Henrique Bonfim Souza ◽  
Juliana Chamorro-Rengifo ◽  
Douglas Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
The Difference

Phaneropterinae is the largest subfamily of Tettigoniidae, distributed across the globe. There are few cytogenetic studies regarding this group, as in the case of the genus group Aniarae, which represents only two karyotyped species. The current study aims to analyze cytogenetically three species of Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 from Brazil. The male diploid number of Hyperophoraminor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 and Hyperophoramajor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 is 2n♂= 31, whereas Hyperophorabrasiliensis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 has shown 2n♂= 29. These three species possess an X0 sex chromosome system and telo/acrocentric chromosome morphology. The only species found in the Pantanal biome, H.brasiliensis, can be chromosomally distinguished from the Cerrado biome species H.major and H.minor, due to the difference in chromosome number (2n♂= 29 and 2n♂= 31, respectively).

scholarly journals Karyotype description and comparative analysis in Ringed Kingfisher and Green Kingfisher (Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Tiago Marafiga Degrandi ◽  
Jean Carlo Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Amanda de Araújo Soares ◽  
Mario Angel Ledesma ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Size And Morphology

Kingfishers comprise about 115 species of the family Alcedinidae, and are an interesting group for cytogenetic studies, for they are among birds with most heterogeneous karyotypes. However, cytogenetics knowledge in Kingfishers is extremely limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of the Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryletorquata Linnaeus, 1766) and Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryleamericana Gmelin, 1788) and also compare them with related species in order to identify chromosomal rearrangements. The Ringed Kingfisher presented 2n = 84 and the Green Kingfisher had 2n = 94. The increase of the chromosome number in the Green Kingfisher possibly originated by centric fissions in macrochromosomes. In addition, karyotype comparisons in Alcedinidae show a heterogeneity in the size and morphology of macrochromosomes, and chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 76 to 132. Thus, it is possible chromosomal fissions in macrochromosomes resulted in the increase of the diploid number, whereas chromosome fusions have originated the karyotypes with low diploid number.

Chromosome Polymorphism in Microtus(Alexandromys)mujanensis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Lemskaya ◽  
Irina V. Kartavtseva ◽  
Nadezhda V. Rubtsova ◽  
Fedor N. Golenishchev ◽  
Irina N. Sheremetyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Pericentric Inversions

The Muya Valley vole (Microtus mujanensis) has a constant diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38, but an unstable karyotype with polymorphic chromosome pairs. Here, we describe 4 karyotypic variants involving 2 polymorphic chromosome pairs, MMUJ8 and MMUJ14, in 6 animals from Buryatia using a combination of GTG-banding and chromosome painting with M. agrestis probes. We suggest that the polymorphic pairs MMUJ8 and MMUJ14 were formed through pericentric inversions that played a major role during karyotype evolution of the species. We also propose that the stable diploid number with some ongoing polymorphism in the number of chromosome arms indicates that this evolutionarily young endemic species of Russian Far East is on the way to karyotype and likely species stabilization.

Comparative Chromosome Painting in Two Brazilian Stork Species with Different Diploid Numbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Igor C.A. Seligmann ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Michelly S. dos Santos ◽  
Marcella M. Tagliarini ◽  
Cristiane C.D. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
The Family

Despite the variation observed in the diploid chromosome number of storks (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae), from 2n = 52 to 2n = 78, most reports have relied solely on analyses by conventional staining. As most species have similar macrochromosomes, some authors propose that karyotype evolution involves mainly fusions between microchromosomes, which are highly variable in species with different diploid numbers. In order to verify this hypothesis, in this study, the karyotypes of 2 species of storks from South America with different diploid numbers, the jabiru (Jabiru mycteria, 2n = 56) and the maguary stork (Ciconia maguary, 2n = 72), were analyzed by chromosome painting using whole chromosome probes from the macrochromosomes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL). The results revealed that J. mycteria and C. maguary share synteny within chromosome pairs 1-9 and Z. The syntenies to the macrochromosomes of G. gallus are conserved, except for GGA4, which is homologous to 2 different pairs, as in most species of birds. A fusion of GGA8 and GGA9 was observed in both species. Additionally, chromosomes corresponding to GGA4p and GGA6 are fused to other segments that did not hybridize to any of the macrochromosome probes used, suggesting that these segments correspond to microchromosomes. Hence, our data corroborate the proposed hypothesis that karyotype evolution is based on fusions involving microchromosomes. In view of the morphological constancy of the macrochromosome pairs in most Ciconiidae, we propose a putative ancestral karyotype for the family, including the GGA8/GGA9 fusion, and a diploid number of 2n = 78. The use of probes for microchromosome pairs should be the next step in identifying other synapomorphies that may help to clarify the phylogeny of this family.

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PERSEA (LAURACEAE). I. KARYOLOGY OF SEVEN SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Garcia V.
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
World Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Chromosome number determinations were made on 137 collections of seven Persea species. Persea americana Mill., P. schiedeana Nees, and P. aff. cinerascens Rands, had a diploid number of 24 as reported earlier. The first chromosome counts for four species are reported. Persea hintonii Allen (2n = 48) is the first tetraploid species found in this genus. Persea indica (L.) Spreng. (2n = 24) is the first Old World species to have its chromosome number reported. Persea donnell-smithii Mez and P. pachypoda Nees also have the diploid number (2n = 24). One triploid (2n = 36) and one tetraploid (2n = 48) individual were found in P. americana. Based on stomatal size, their maternal plants were considered to be triploid and diploid, respectively.This is the first karyotype study in Persea and also in the family Lauraceae. The karyotype in Persea is asymmetric. The chromosomes range in size from 2.3 µm to 6.1 µm. Persea americana has one pair of satellited chromosomes, which is the largest pair, two metacentric pairs and nine submetacentric pairs. Two of the submetacentric pairs are highly heterochromatic and both are attached to the nucleolus. All the other species have karyotypes very similar to P. americana.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

INVESTIGATIONS ON RUBBER-BEARING PLANTS: IV. CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN ASCLEPIAS (TOURN.) L.

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (3) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

The chromosome number of eight species and varieties of Asclepias (A. syriaca, A. incarnata and variety pulchra and forma albiflora, A. Sullivantii, A. tuberosa, A. curassavica, A. speciosa) was found to be 2n = 22.Various interspecific pollinations were attempted without success. A cross of A. incarnata with forma albiflora was successful.Possible natural hybrids between A. syriaca and A. speciosa and between A. incarnata and var. pulchra and forma albiflora are described. Two unusual chimaeral plants of A. incarnata that produced several stems of forma albiflora are described.

Fine structure of the kinetochores in six species of the Coleoptera

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Klaus Werner Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Size Variability

Kinetochore structure was examined in a total of 6 species from 5 different families of the Coleoptera using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin serial sections. Metaphase spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes were studied in Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrionidae) to determine whether kinetochore structure varies depending on the cell type. In all three cell types, the kinetochore microtubules (MTs) were in direct contact with the chromosomal surface, and kinetochore plates were not detectable. In the other species, only metaphase I spermatocytes were examined. As in T. molitor, distinct kinetochore plates were also absent in Adelocera murina (Elateridae), Agapanthia villosoviridescens (Cerambycidae), and Coccinella septempunctata (Coccinellidae). However, bivalents in male meiosis of two representatives of the Chrysomelidae, Agelastica alni and Chrysolina graminis, showed roughly spherical kinetochores at their poleward surfaces. Microtubules were in contact with this material. Thus, although the present survey covers only a small number of species, it is clear that at least two kinetochore types occur in the Coleoptera. The cytological findings are discussed in the context of chromosome number and genome size variability in the Coleopteran families studied. It is suggested that properties of the kinetochores could play a role in karyotype evolution in the Coleoptera.Key words: bivalent, microtubule, meiosis, metaphase, spermatocyte.

scholarly journals Comparative molecular cytogenetics in Melipona Illiger species (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderly Andrade-Souza ◽  
Olivia Maria Pereira Duarte ◽  
Cinthia Caroline Cardoso Martins ◽  
Igor Silva Santos ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Melipona Species ◽  
Almost All

Cytogenetic studies in Melipona are scarce with only 24 species analyzed cytogenetically. Of these, six species had the rDNA sites physically mapped and characterized by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (fish). The aim of this study was to perform karyotype analyzes on Melipona species from different regions of Brazil, with a greater sampling representative of the Amazonian fauna and using conventional, fluorochrome staining and FISH with heterologous rDNA probes. The predominant chromosome number was 2n = 18, however, the subspecies M. seminigra abunensis and M. s. pernigra showed 2n = 22 chromosomes. The karyotypes were symmetrical, however M. bicolor, M. quadrifasciata, M. flavolineata, M. fuscopilosa, M. nebulosa presented the first pair heteromorphic in length. CMA3+ blocks also exhibited heteromorphism of size and in almost all cases coincided with rDNA sites, except for M. crinita and M. nebulosa, which presented additional non-coincident CMA3+ blocks. The CMA/ rDNA sites were terminal and interstitial in species with high heterochromatic content, and pericentromeric in those species with low heterochromatic content. In addition to pointing out cytogenetic features of cytotaxonomic importance, the reorganization of the genome in Melipona is discussed.

Cytogenetic studies of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula, and its allies (Euphorbiaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2247-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Stahevitch ◽  
C. W. Crompton ◽  
W. A. Wojtas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Euphorbia Cyparissias

Cytological and cytogenetic studies were carried out on populations of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. s.l.) and its allies primarily from North America but also from Europe. Chromosome numbers were determined for 126 samples of E. esula, 11 of E. cyparissias L., 1 of the hybrid (E. ×pseudoesula Schur) between these two species, and 1 of E. agraria Bieb. All plants of E. esula were hexaploid. Of the total, 125 leafy spurge accessions had a chromosome number of n = 30; 1 of n = 25++. Very few meiotic abnormalities were observed. Euphorbia cyparissias was primarily tetraploid (n = 20), although occasional diploids (n = 10) were encountered. Tetraploids were fertile; diploids were sterile. The hybrid between the two foregoing species had a chromosome number of n = 25, indicating that the E. cyparissias parent was a tetraploid; meiosis in the hybrid was abnormal. Euphorbia agraria was found to have a gametic number of n = 20, which is the first chromosome number determination for this species; meiosis was normal. Artificial crosses were made successfully between 31 accessions of leafy spurge. Seed germination of the F1 progeny slightly exceeded that reported for natural populations, and meiosis was normal. Pollen stability studies were carried out on herbarium material. Stainability was 100% for most of the samples studied. Extensive pollen size polymorphism was found. It is suggested that this phenomenon supports the hypothesis that E. esula is of allopolyploid origin. No cytological or cytogenetic basis was found for considering the leafy spurge accessions examined in this study as other than as a single, albeit somewhat polymorphic, species.

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