Deep-sea Rhachotropis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae) from New Zealand and the Ross Sea with key to the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Antarctic species

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2482 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-NINA LÖRZ
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The Pacific

The amphipod genus Rhachotropis has a worldwide distribution. Four species new to science are described, increasing the total number of Rhachotropis species to 59. Only one species was previously known from New Zealand and none from the Ross Sea. Two species Rhachotropis chathamensis sp. nov. and R. delicata sp. nov. were collected at the same station in 420 m depth off eastern New Zealand; R. rossi sp. nov. and R. abyssalis sp. nov. were collected below 3000 m depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Investigation of recently collected material as well as historic material from the NIWA Invertebrate collection revealed several specimens of Rhachotropis antarctica K.H. Barnard, 1932 sampled in the Ross Sea. Four damaged Rhachotropis specimens, recently collected from 5170 m in the Kermadec Trench, north of New Zealand, are reported. Epibionts have been discovered on the mouthparts of several specimens from New Zealand as well as the Ross Sea. Preliminary molecular investigations of the phylogeney of Rhachotropis are briefly discussed. A key to Pacific, Indian Ocean and Antarctic species of Rhachotropis is provided.

scholarly journals Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
H. F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Raphus Cucullatus ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
The Indian Ocean

FEW taxa have suffered at the expansion of humanity to the extent of the birds of Pacific Islands. Of the 130 or so birds to become extinct as a consequence of European exploration and colonization of the Pacific, most were island birds and most were flightless rails. Not so well understood is the scale of extinctions that accompanied pre-European colonization of the Pacific islands. Only now is the paleontological record revealing the richness of the lost Pacific avifauna much of which can be put on a par with the loss of moas from New Zealand and the Dodo Raphus cucullatus from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals A Magnetic Survey of the Southwest Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Irwin Ross
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
Magnetic Pattern ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Ocean Ridge

<p>The design and construction of a free precession proton magnetometer which give a reading of the field directly in gamma is described. This instrument has been used to obtain magnetic profiles across the Southwest Pacific Ocean during the 1963-65 summer Antarctic supply cruises of H.M.N.Z.S. Endeavour. The magnetic and bathymetric profiler obtained on these cruises have been analysed to determine the nature and structure of the oceanic crust in this region. The region is divided into four divisions. (l) The New Zealand Plateau, with an almost continental crustal thickness. (2) The Southwest Pacific Basin, at a depth of 3,000 fathoms. (3) The Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, pert of the world encircling mind-ocean ridge system. (4) The Ross Sea, an epicontinental sea across the Antarctic continental shelf. Subtraction of the regional field form the magnetic results has enabled a regional field map of the area to be drawn. Comparison with earlier results indicates a westward drift of the earth's field of approximately 0.25 degrees /yr. Some discussion of regional anomalies (~ 100 miles period) has been given. Because of the excellent correlation of magnetic anomalies from track to track across the basin it has been possible to draw an anomaly contour map of this part. This map illustrates the predominantly east-west trend of features over the basin. To the north the features parallel the edge of the New Zealand Plateau. To the south the features swing more towards the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. A major discontinuity is indicated along a direction 9 degrees E of S meeting the Plateau just southwest of Antipodes Islands. If this discontinuity is extrapolated south to the ridge it meets it at approximately 180 degrees E, where the ridge turns N-E towards Easter Island. Across the ridge the magnetic pattern shows three distinct regions. Over the northern flanks large anomalies are evident but the correlation of anomalies from track to track is very poor. Further south, across the upper flanks, the magnetic records are very much subdued. The extent of this region varies appreciably from track to track. Over the axis of the ridge large, steep-sided anomalies are obtained. These correlate well over part of the region studied. The southern flanks of the ridge are hidden by the Balleny Plateau which seems to form a link between Antarctica and the ridge in this region. The bathymetry records obtained indicate a step-type formation over the ridge. A narrow median valley appears to exist along the axis of the ridge. Some preliminary experimentation has been carried out with continual seismic profiling techniques over the region. The equipment that has been developed and the preliminary results obtained with it are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals A Magnetic Survey of the Southwest Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Irwin Ross
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
Magnetic Pattern ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Ocean Ridge

<p>The design and construction of a free precession proton magnetometer which give a reading of the field directly in gamma is described. This instrument has been used to obtain magnetic profiles across the Southwest Pacific Ocean during the 1963-65 summer Antarctic supply cruises of H.M.N.Z.S. Endeavour. The magnetic and bathymetric profiler obtained on these cruises have been analysed to determine the nature and structure of the oceanic crust in this region. The region is divided into four divisions. (l) The New Zealand Plateau, with an almost continental crustal thickness. (2) The Southwest Pacific Basin, at a depth of 3,000 fathoms. (3) The Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, pert of the world encircling mind-ocean ridge system. (4) The Ross Sea, an epicontinental sea across the Antarctic continental shelf. Subtraction of the regional field form the magnetic results has enabled a regional field map of the area to be drawn. Comparison with earlier results indicates a westward drift of the earth's field of approximately 0.25 degrees /yr. Some discussion of regional anomalies (~ 100 miles period) has been given. Because of the excellent correlation of magnetic anomalies from track to track across the basin it has been possible to draw an anomaly contour map of this part. This map illustrates the predominantly east-west trend of features over the basin. To the north the features parallel the edge of the New Zealand Plateau. To the south the features swing more towards the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. A major discontinuity is indicated along a direction 9 degrees E of S meeting the Plateau just southwest of Antipodes Islands. If this discontinuity is extrapolated south to the ridge it meets it at approximately 180 degrees E, where the ridge turns N-E towards Easter Island. Across the ridge the magnetic pattern shows three distinct regions. Over the northern flanks large anomalies are evident but the correlation of anomalies from track to track is very poor. Further south, across the upper flanks, the magnetic records are very much subdued. The extent of this region varies appreciably from track to track. Over the axis of the ridge large, steep-sided anomalies are obtained. These correlate well over part of the region studied. The southern flanks of the ridge are hidden by the Balleny Plateau which seems to form a link between Antarctica and the ridge in this region. The bathymetry records obtained indicate a step-type formation over the ridge. A narrow median valley appears to exist along the axis of the ridge. Some preliminary experimentation has been carried out with continual seismic profiling techniques over the region. The equipment that has been developed and the preliminary results obtained with it are discussed.</p>

The Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Antarctic Sea Ice*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2682-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nuncio ◽  
Xiaojun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract This study explores the impact of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) on the Southern Hemisphere sea ice variability. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of September–November sea ice concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies reveals patterns of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the IOD in the equatorial Indian Ocean. The relative importance of the IOD’s impact on sea ice in the Pacific sector of Antarctica is difficult to assess for two reasons: 1) ENSO generates larger anomalies in the Pacific and Weddell Sea and 2) many of the positive (negative) IODs co-occur with El Niño (La Niña). West of the Ross Sea, sea ice growth can be attributed to the negative heat fluxes associated with cold meridional flow between high and low pressure cells generated by the effects of the IOD. However, the locations of these positive and negative pressure anomaly centers tend to appear north of the sea ice zone during combined ENSO–IOD events, reducing the influence of the IOD on sea ice. The IOD influence is at a maximum in the region west of the Ross Sea. When ENSO is removed, sea ice in the Indian Ocean (near 60°E) increases because of cold outflows west of low pressure centers while sea ice near 90°E decreases because of the warm advection west of a high pressure center located south of Australia.

Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Set Up ◽  
White Island

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

Cytisine as an alternative smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Vili Nosa ◽  
Kotalo Leau ◽  
Natalie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
The Pacific

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pacific people in New Zealand have one of the highest rates of smoking.  Cytisine is a plant-based alkaloid that has proven efficacy, effectiveness and safety compared to a placebo and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation.  Cytisine, like varenicline, is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and blocks the rewarding effects of nicotine. Cytisine is naturally found in some plants in the Pacific region, and so may appeal to Pacific smokers wanting to quit. This paper investigates the acceptability of cytisine as a smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand, using a qualitative study design. Methods: In December 2015, advertisements and snowball sampling was used to recruit four Pacific smokers and three Pacific smoking cessation specialists in Auckland, New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews where undertaken, whereby participants were asked about motivations to quit and their views on smoking cessation products, including cytisine (which is currently unavailable in New Zealand). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with thematic analysis conducted manually. Findings: Pacific smokers reported wanting to quit for loved ones and family, but did not find currently available smoking cessation products effective. Almost all participants had not previously heard of cytisine, but many of the Pacific smokers were keen to try it. Participants identified with cytisine on a cultural basis (given its natural status), but noted that their use would be determined by the efficacy of the medicine, its cost, side-effects, and accessibility. They were particularly interested in cytisine being made available in liquid form, which could be added to a “smoothie” or drunk as a “traditional tea”.  Participants thought cytisine should be promoted in a culturally-appropriate way, with packaging and advertising designed to appeal to Pacific smokers. Conclusions: Cytisine is more acceptable to Pacific smokers than other smoking cessation products, because of their cultural practices of traditional medicine and the natural product status of cytisine.

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