Recovery of mitochondrial DNA for systematic studies of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): successful PCR on early 20th century dry museum specimens

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2748 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERZY A. LIS ◽  
DARIUSZ J. ZIAJA ◽  
PAWEŁ LIS
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
12S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

First molecular studies on museum specimens of five families of pentatomoid bugs, namely Cydnidae, Dinidoridae, Parastrachiidae, Tessaratomidae, and Thyreocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea), are presented, as a preliminary approach to molecular phylogenetic analyses of these families. Forty-eight pin-mounted museum specimens representing 46 pentatomoid species collected in the late 19 th and the 20 th century (more than 15 years old, the oldest specimen collected in 1894) were analyzed; and the acquisition of PCR amplifiable mitochondrial DNA (16S and/or 12S rDNA fragments) was successful from 10 specimens, i.e., 2 specimens (2 species) of Cydnidae, 4 specimens (4 species) of Dinidoridae, 1 specimen (1 species) of Parastrachiidae, 1 specimen (1 species) of Tessaratomidae, and 2 specimens (2 species) of Thyreocoridae. The oldest PCR amplifiable mtDNA sample was extracted from Strombosoma impictum (Stål) (Thyreocoridae) collected in 1932 in Zaire.

A bird that changes colour without moulting: how the wîskicâhk (Canada Jay, Perisoreus canadensis) tricked the taxonomists

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Dan Strickland ◽  
Stéphanie M. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Perisoreus Canadensis ◽  
Animal Colouration

Avian and mammalian colours are thought to be constant in life and in museum specimens, but several early 20th-century taxonomists singled out the Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766)) as having unstable feather pigments and warned against using old museum specimens for taxonomic purposes. One such error was Brisson’s (1760) original naming of the species as “the Brown Jay of Canada”. Another was Ridgway’s (1899) naming of the “Gray Jay” as a new subspecies, Perisoreus (canadensis) griseus, through inappropriate comparison of fresh grey specimens with old brown ones. We discovered that browning of initially grey plumage also occurs between annual moults in living individuals of the Canada Jay’s Pacific morphotype. We documented this change using photographs and re-sightings of colour-banded individuals and through spectral analysis of year-old (brown) and incoming (grey) rectrices collected from the same moulting individuals. To assess the distribution of this colour change, we compared September vs. May eBird photographs from across North America. We showed that seasonal colour change is normal in the Pacific morphotype but rare in the two other morphotypes. Collectively, these data have important implications for the taxonomy of the Canada Jay and are a cautionary tale for taxonomists studying animal colouration.

scholarly journals Description of a new horned toad of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Amphibia, Megophryidae) from Zhejiang Province, China

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1005 ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Shize Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the Asian horned toad genus Megophrys is described from Zhejiang Province, China, based on multiple data. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicated the new species as an independent clade deeply clustered into the Megophrys clade. The new species is identified from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size small (SVL 28.4–32.4 mm in males); vomerine teeth absent; tongue not notched behind; tympanum distinctly visible, oval; a small horn-like tubercle present at the edge of each upper eyelid; two metacarpal tubercles distinctly visible in hand; toes without webbing; heels overlapped when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level to middle of eye when leg stretched forward; an internal single subgular vocal sac in male; in breeding male, the nuptial pads present on the dorsal base of the first two fingers.

scholarly journals Sinoseris (Crepidinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new genus endemic to China of three species, two of them new to science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Huan Wang ◽  
Norbert Kilian ◽  
Ya-Ping Chen ◽  
Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractElucidating the systematic position of two Chinese species described originally as Lactuca hirsuta and L. scandens, of which only historical specimens from the late 19th and early 20th century were known, field work confirmed the occurrence of three different species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of these species based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region uncovered a hitherto unknown lineage in a phylogenetic backbone of the subtribe Crepidinae of the sunflower family tribe Cichorieae. Substantiated by comparative morphological studies, this lineage is described as genus new to science, named Sinoseris, endemic to the Chinese provinces Sichuan and Yunnan. Two of its three species are new to science, while the third is conspecific with both L. hirsuta and L. scandens.

New species of Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from the Nanling Mountain Range, southeastern China

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3388 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNKE WU ◽  
YUEZHAO WANG ◽  
JAMES HANKEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

New species of amphibians are being reported at an astonishingly fast rate. These include some that have been known tothe commercial pet trade for years but have not been formally described due to uncertain origin. The distinctive phenotypeof “Pachytriton B” among the Chinese stout newts (also known as paddle-tailed newts) is one such example. Throughexamination of museum specimens, we locate a population from Mt. Mang within the Nanling Mountain Range with mor-phology and coloration similar to Pachytriton B. Molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that this populationand Pachytriton B belong to the same species, which differs from congeners morphologically and chromatically and isdescribed here as a new species. This species is characterized by a large and stout body, uniformly light brown dorsum,and orange spots or blotches that extend ribbon-like along the dorsolateral sides of the body. A mitochondrial genealogysuggests that the new species is the sister taxon to the group (P. brevipes + P. feii). Morphologically, this species is significantly stouter than P. feii and has significantly longer limbs than P. brevipes.

scholarly journals Description of a new Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 986 ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Shi-Ze Li ◽  
Ning-Ning Lu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Megophrys is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicated the new species as a clade clustered into the Megophrys clade. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (SVL 40.0–45.5 mm in males and 48.9–51.2 mm in females); vomerine teeth absent; tongue not notched behind; tympanum distinctly visible, oval; a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; two metacarpal tubercles in hand; toes with rudimentary webbing; heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level of mid-eye when leg stretched forward; in breeding males, an internal single subgular vocal sac present and brownish nuptial pads, made up of black nuptial spines, present on the dorsal base of the first two fingers.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships of Macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca) Inferred from Partial Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cytochrome Oxidase II (COII) gene

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Noor Aisyah Rahim ◽  
Millawati Gani ◽  
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Coii Gene ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Ii

The molecular phylogenetic relationships among ten species of macaques were assessed using mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene. The 27 individuals comprising of ten species within genusMacaca, namely, M. sylvanus, M. mulatta, M. cyclopis, M. arctoides, M. fascicularis, M. assamensis, M.thibetana, M. nemestrina, M. leonina and M. silenus were used in this study. The phylogenetic trees werereconstructed using neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.Based on our constructed tree, it is suggested that the results from phylogenetic analyses demonstrated fourgroups of macaques. In addition, the trees showed topology of M. sylvanus as a sister clade to all Asianmacaques. The silenus group, which diverged first after M. sylvanus formed their own clade, consisted ofmacaque species M. silenus, M. nemestrina and M. leonina. Meanwhile, the sinica group consisted of M.assamensis and M. thibetana, and the fascicularis group comprised of M. fascicularis, M. arctoides, M. mulattaand M. cyclopis. Our ML tree also showed that M. arctoides is a member of fascicularis group. Our study, alsoindicated that our results neglect the classification based on outer appearances and supports the proposedmolecular work view.

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