Systematics and biogeography of the genus Besdolus Ricker, 1952 (Plecoptera, Perlodidae): molecules do not match morphology

The Central-Southern European genus Besdolus was reinstated and revised by Zwick and Weinzierl (1995), and includes five species: B. imhoffi (Pictet), B. ventralis (Pictet), B. bicolor (Navás), B. ravizzarum Zwick & Weinzierl, and B. illyricus Kovács & Zwick. Overall, these species are rarely collected and have apparent relictual distributions. From the ecological point of view, B. bicolor, B. ravizzarum and B. illyricus seem to be more orophilic whereas B. imhoffi and B. ventralis are associated to lowland rivers. These species are sensitive to the environmental perturbations and are endangered taxa, threatened with extinction. Species identifications are difficult using available morphological characters. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI to better understand the systematics and biogeography of this genus and to evaluate the molecular intra- and interspecific distances. Specific boundaries, species relationships, degree of isolation and molecular similarity are also presented. The molecular data do not fully support the validity of the five species. Molecular distances between B. bicolor and B. ventralis and between B. imhoffi and B. illyricus are similar to what has been previously reported for conspecific stonefly taxa. In this study, the results of the molecular approach are not congruent with the traditional morphological arrangement. Biogeographically, we hypothesize that a Central European stem species dispersing westward and southward diverged into two lineages, then differentiated on the three European main peninsulas.

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Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485307005020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

H.C. Zhang ◽

G.X. Qiao

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Host Plants ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Primary Host ◽

Gene Coi ◽

The Common ◽

Different Parts ◽

Selection Of

AbstractThe tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts, Pistacia and Rhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).

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Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4232 (2) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT ◽

MAURICIO GARCÍA ◽

JENNIFER C. GIRÓN

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Single Male ◽

Male Specimen ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Lotic Habitats ◽

Gene Coi ◽

One New Species

The Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 is revised. Originally described from a single male specimen from southeastern Venezuela, the genus has since been found in localities across the Guiana Shield region and beyond, including Colombia, Suriname, Guyana, and Brazil. The genus is redescribed. Morphological characters and genetic data from the mitochondrial gene COI from ten populations across its range provide support for two distinct species, corresponding loosely to geography. The type species, G. hemisphericus García, is redescribed and newly recorded from Guyana, Suriname, and Brazil (Amazonas, Para). One new species is described, Globulosis flavus sp. n. from southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolivar). The genus is associated with lotic habitats, and typically found along the margins of small to medium sized streams. High-resolution habitus and aedeagal images and distribution maps for all species are provided.

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Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 723 ◽

pp. 77-107

Author(s):

Erick Cristofore Guimarães ◽

Pâmella Silva De Brito ◽

Pedro Henrique Negreiros Bragança ◽

Jadson Pinheiro Santos ◽

Axel Makay Katz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Color Pattern ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

The Body ◽

Dorsal Fin ◽

Two New Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Two new species, Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. and H. geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., are herein described, based on seven different and independent species delimitation methods, and on molecular and morphological characters, making the hypothesis of these new species supported from an integrative taxonomy perspective. They belong to the “Rosy tetra” clade, which is mainly characterized by the presence of a dark brown or black blotch on the dorsal fin and the absence of a midlateral stripe on the body. These two new species are distinguished from the other members of this clade mainly by the arrangement, shape and color pattern of humeral and dorsal-fin spots, as well as by other characters related to scale counts and body pigmentation. The placement of the new species within the “Rosy tetra” clade was based on the combination of morphological character states mentioned above and corroborated by a molecular phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1. In addition, a new clade (here termed Hyphessobrycon copelandi clade) within the “Rosy tetra” clade is proposed based on molecular data, comprising H. copelandi, H. frickei sp. nov., H. geryi sp. nov. and a still undescribed species. Our results corroborate the occurrence of hidden species within the “Rosy tetra” clade, as suggested by previous studies.

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Experimental taxonomy exposes ontogenetic variability and elucidates the taxonomic value of claw configuration in MilnesiumDoyère, 1840 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Apochela)

Contributions to Zoology ◽

10.1163/18759866-08502003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 173-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Witold Morek ◽

Piotr Gąsiorek ◽

Daniel Stec ◽

Brian Blagden ◽

Łukasz Michalczyk

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Valid Species ◽

Species Differentiation ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Configuration Change ◽

Gene Coi ◽

Diagnostic Key ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

In this paper we describe a new apochelan species, Milnesium variefidumsp. nov. from Scotland and provide novel morphological and molecular data for Milnesium berladnicorumCiobanu et al., 2014. The new species differs from the most similar M. berladnicorumby the presence of developmental dimorphism in claw configuration, absent or weakly developed cuticular bars under claws I-III, a different arrangement of cuticular pseudoplates, and by differences in the sequences of three nuclear DNA fragments: 18S rRNA (p-distance: 0.6%), 28S rRNA (2.0%), ITS-2 (9.3%), and on mitochondrial gene COI (12.4%). Although ontogenetic claw configuration change was suspected to occur in some Milnesiumspecies, we are the first to document it through the combined use of traditional, molecular and experimental methodologies. We discuss the implications of the observed phenomenon for the taxonomy of the genus and propose a new diagnostic key to all Milnesiumspecies described up to the end of 2015. We also review other traits used for species differentiation in the genus and offer recommendations to improve the quality of future descriptions as well as suggest a need for integrative redescriptions of the known species. Finally, we propose to suppress M. dujiangensisand M. tardigradum trispinosumand suggest that M. alpigenumand M. quadrifidumare valid species that require thorough redescriptions.

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The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1420.1.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1420 (1) ◽

pp. 1-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

DAVID G. REID

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Morphological Differentiation ◽

Open Water ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Shell Shape ◽

Additional Species ◽

West Pacific ◽

Distribution Maps

The phylogeny of the genus Echinolittorina, and phylogeography of some of its members, have previously been examined using molecular data, so that species can now be defined by a combination of phylogenetic, morphological and geographical criteria. The 26 species recognized in the Indo-West Pacific biogeographical region form a monophyletic group, here defined as the subgenus Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966. Morphological descriptions are provided for these 26 species, including details of shell, pigmentation of headfoot, reproductive anatomy, spermatozoa, egg capsules and radulae. Diagnoses include reference to mitochondrial gene sequences (COI). A key is based on shells, tentacle pigmentation, penial shape and geographical distribution. Seven new species are described: E. marisrubri, E. omanensis, E. austrotrochoides, E. marquesensis, E. wallaceana, E. tricincta, E. philippinensis. Three name changes are proposed: E. malaccana (Philippi, 1847) and E. cecillei (Philippi, 1851) are valid names for two members of the former ‘E. trochoides’ group; E. biangulata (von Martens, 1897) replaces ‘E. quadricincta’. Full synonymies are given for all taxa, and the taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological literature reviewed. Distribution maps are based on examination of 1701 samples and reliable literature records. The contrast between continental and oceanic distribution patterns is emphasized; one clade of five species and two additional species are shown to have an association with upwelling areas. All species are known (or predicted from protoconch size and oviduct anatomy) to have planktotrophic development, and rare extralimital records suggest a maximum open-water dispersal distance of 1000–2100 km. The most useful morphological characters for identification are the shell, penial shape and copulatory bursa in the pallial oviduct. Sister species can be morphologically similar, but are almost always entirely allopatric, so that distributional information is important for identification. Substantial intraspecific variation is present in the shell shape and sculpture of most species; where there is a pronounced geographical pattern this may have a genetic basis, but ecophenotypic effects are also implicated, e.g. by predictable associations in some species of strongly nodulose sculpture with limestone substrates and with dry habitats where growth rate may be slow. Morphological characters are superimposed on a molecular phylogeny to demonstrate the synapomorphies of clades. This is essentially a morphostatic radiation of largely allopatric species with little morphological differentiation; ecological divergence is limited to specialization to oceanic, continental or upwelling areas and to small differences in zonation level.

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Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4224.1.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4224 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

JULIA H MYNOTT ◽

PHILLIP J SUTER ◽

GUNTHER THEISCHINGER

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Life Stage ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

New Genera ◽

Adult Males ◽

Larval Life ◽

Dichotomous Key

The larval taxonomy of Australian stoneflies (Plecoptera) shows a large disparity in knowledge when compared to the adult taxonomy with many species having undescribed larval forms. The importance of stoneflies as an indicator group for monitoring aquatic ecosystems means knowledge of the larval taxonomy and the ability to identify species is essential. This study combined morphology and mitochondrial gene sequences to associate the adult and larval life-stages for species of Dinotoperla Tillyard. Morphological identification of adult males was recognised for 17 of the 35 Dinotoperla species and combining molecular data with morphology confirmed eight new adult-larval life stage associations. Further, molecular data supported the larval taxonomy for five morphospecies which remain unassociated. The combination of molecular and morphological methods enabled the larval morphology to be reassessed for the genus Dinotoperla and this has led to the establishment of two new genera, Odontoperla, gen. nov. and Oedemaperla, gen. nov., and the new species Dinotoperla aryballoi, sp. nov, D. tasmaniensis, sp. nov. and Oedemaperla shackletoni, sp. nov. as well as the new or updated descriptions of the larvae of 31 species and a comprehensive dichotomous key to these larvae.

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Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Vietnam, with several new records and descriptions of two new species

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.898.39265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 121-158

Author(s):

Natdanai Likhitrakarn ◽

Sergei I. Golovatch ◽

Irina Semenyuk ◽

Boris D. Efeykin ◽

Somsak Panha

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Records ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Single Gene ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

The Other ◽

Current Usage ◽

Two New Species ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

The genus Orthomorpha is shown to currently be represented in Vietnam by ten species or varieties, including new records of O. arboricola (Attems, 1937), O. coarctata (de Saussure, 1860), O. rotundicollis (Attems, 1937) and O. scabra Jeekel, 1964, and two new species, O. caramelsp. nov. and O. vietnamicasp. nov. A key to all eight Orthomorpha species and two varieties known to occur in Vietnam is provided. Although the morphological characters that have been traditionally used for Orthomorpha taxonomy are here considered superior to molecular ones, molecular-based phylogenetic relationships and taxon assignments within the tribe Orthomorphini are provisionally analyzed using fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene. The preferred phylograms, both rooted and unrooted, demonstrate the monophyly of the tribe Orthomorphini, but due to the special, uncertain or even controversial position of O. coarctata, which occurs closer to the genera Antheromorpha and Hylomus, the genus Orthomorpha in current usage appears to be polyphyletic. However, if O. coarctata is to be treated within the monotypic genus Asiomorpha, the monophyly of Orthomorpha becomes manifest. On the other hand, a cautious approach is followed to avoid descriptions of suspicious new taxa/species. Thus, solely because the average genetic distance between O. rodundicollis subrotundicollisvar. nov. and O. rodundicollis, as well as that between O. scabra grandisvar. nov. and O. scabra, are both found to be negligibly small, the statuses of the sympatric and closest yet morphologically different varieties are treated only as such, i.e., infrasubspecific categories. The apparent discord observed between morphological and molecular data is obviously due to only partial and single-gene topologies used, possibly also to hybridization already known to occur in some closely related and sympatric paradoxosomatid species or even genera.

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Taxonomic revision of the genus Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 I. Japanese and Korean species (Coleoptera: Dryopidae)

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

Author(s):

Ján Kodada ◽

Dávid Selnekovič ◽

Manfred A. Jäch ◽

Katarína Goffová ◽

Peter Vďačný

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Interspecific Divergence

The species of Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 occurring in Japan and Korea are redescribed and illustrated: E. brevicornis Sharp, 1888 (Japan, Korea) and E. amamiensis Nomura, 1959 (Japan). The standard barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced and used together with morphological characters to delimit the taxonomic boundaries of the two species. To assess their morphometric variation, eight morphometric characters were measured and statistically evaluated using principal component analysis. The two species of Elmomorphus formed distinct and well-separated clusters in the COI tree. Their interspecific divergence is very high, ranging from 22.7 to 23.9%. On the other hand, morphometric characters, including those previously presumed to be diagnostic, overlap and per se do not allow unambiguous species identification. Reliable morphological distinguishing characters are described for males and females. Molecular data along with the morphological evidence strongly confirm the species status of E. amamiensis. An identification key to the Japanese and Korean species is provided.

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Phylogenetic studies in the South American tribe Dichroplini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae): is the Paranaense-Pampeano informal genus group a natural clade?

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2174.1.6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2174 (1) ◽

pp. 51-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. A. DINGHI ◽

V. CONFALONIERI ◽

M. M. CIGLIANO

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

South American ◽

Male And Female ◽

Weak Support ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Group A

The Dichroplini genera Scotussa, Leiotettix, Ronderosia, Atrachelacris, Chlorus, Eurotettix and Dichromatos have been grouped into the “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group, based on characters of the male genitalia. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses showed weak support values or no support at all for this group. In this study, we used molecular and morphological characters to test the monophyly of this informal genus group. Morphological characters included aspects of the general morphology, and male and female genitalia as well. Whereas the molecular data was based on one mitochondrial gene: cytochrome oxidase I. Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses of the data were performed under both unweighted and implied weighting parsimony. Our results showed that, when only molecular data is considered, the “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group is not recovered. However, the group is monophyletic according to morphological and combined analyses. The “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group is considered to be a natural clade; therefore, we propose the genus group name Scotussae. As a final remark, the molecular data provided in most cases the same evidence of relationships as morphology.

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Redescription of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) and reinstatement of A. acutifolia (Ehlers, 1901) n. comb. based upon morphological and molecular data (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3919 (1) ◽

pp. 157 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

TULIO F. VILLALOBOS-GUERRERO ◽

LUIS F. CARRERA-PARRA

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Central American ◽

Type Material ◽

Alien Invasive Species ◽

Valid Species ◽

Gene Coi ◽

Western Germany ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Relevant Material

The nereidid worm Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847), described from Western Germany, has been considered by some authors as a widespread and alien invasive species, or else as a group of morphologically indistinguishable species. Neither idea has yet been supported by critical taxonomic revisions of relevant material. Most characterizations of A. succinea were based upon a mixture of morphological features from specimens from the type locality and from other regions. Moreover, four species described from America are considered junior synonyms of A. succinea, including Nereis acutifolia Ehlers, 1901, described from the eastern tropical Pacific. The type material of the latter species has not been reviewed since its description. We re-examined type and topotype materials of A. succinea and N. acutifolia including atokous and epitokous specimens. In addition, newly collected specimens were used to evaluate genetic divergence between both species using the mitochondrial gene COI. Alitta succinea is redescribed from type material and specimens from Germany. We rejected the recent placement of the species in Neanthes and we transferred it to Alitta. Further, we refuse the synonymy of N. acutifolia with A. succinea due to morphological and molecular differences. Consequently, we regard Alitta acutifolia n. comb. as a valid species, and the supposed introduction and the alien status of A. succinea along the Mexican and Central American Pacific shores are rejected.

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