Chromosomal evidence for a new cryptic species of black fly in the Simulium praelargum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from West Bengal, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4244 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
SACHIN THAPA ◽  
PETER H. ADLER ◽  
SHAILIKA CHHETRI ◽  
RAKESH VARMA ◽  
WILLIE HENRY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Analyses of polytene chromosomes revealed a new cryptic species of black fly, Simulium praelargum “IL”, in the Simulium (Nevermania) feuerborni group from Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. This new species occurred sympatrically with two other previously recognized species in the S. praelargum complex: Simulium praelargum Datta sensu stricto and Simulium praelargum “IIIL-1.2”. Chromosome arms IS, IIS, IIL, and IIIS of the new species showed no differences in banding patterns, compared with the sequences in Simulium praelargum s. s. and Simulium praelargum “IIIL-1.2”. Chromosome arm IIIL of the new species was identical to that of S. praelargum s. s., but differed from that of S. praelargum “IIIL-1.2” by two fixed inversions. Chromosome arm IL of the new species differed from that of both species by four fixed inversions: IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4. The new species and S. praelargum s. s. lacked a chromocenter, which was present in S. praelargum “IIIL-1.2”. Sex chromosomes of the new species were cytologically undifferentiated (X0X0, X0Y0) and all specimens were monomorphic for autosomal inversion polymorphisms. Speciation in the S. feuerborni group, unlike in many other simuliid taxa, did not involve cytological differentiation of sex chromosomes. 

Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4377 (2) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATÚŠ KÚDELA ◽  
PETER H. ADLER ◽  
TATIANA KÚDELOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Black Fly

The black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi, distributed in the Apennines and Sicily, was described as a subspecies of Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries), based on a few morphological details. It subsequently was considered conspecific with P. hirtipes and the name was synonymized. Analyses of polytene chromosome banding patterns and sequences of mitochondrial DNA (COI and COII) revealed deep genetic divergence between P. italicum from Italy and P. hirtipes from northern and central Europe and confirmed the species status of P. italicum. Populations of P. italicum either lack chromosomal inversion IS-9 or carry it as an X-chromosome polymorphism, whereas all analyzed populations of P. hirtipes (Slovakia, Sweden, England, and Scotland) are fixed for IS-9. The average K2P genetic distance was 3.7% between P. italicum and P. hirtipes from northern Europe (Sweden) and 4.3 % between P. italicum and P. hirtipes from central Europe (Slovakia). Cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of two cytoforms of P. hirtipes (‘A’ in Sweden and Slovakia and ‘B’ in England and Scotland) and two cytoforms of P. italicum (‘A’ in Sicily and ‘B’ in Campania and Basilicata), all of which differ in their sex chromosomes and autosomal polymorphisms, suggesting that P. hirtipes and P. italicum might each be a complex of cryptic species. 

scholarly journals Chromosomal and Molecular Diversity in the Simulium ornatum Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Western Tian Shan Range of Central Asia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
Doreen Werner ◽  
Helge Kampen
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Tian Shan

By any measure, such as abundance, species diversity or geographic range, the Simulium ornatum species group is one of the most successful Palearctic taxa of black flies. To explore potential diversity in this group in the Tian Shan range of Central Asia, we focused on Kyrgyzstan, in which three nominal morphospecies have been recorded. Among our samples, we morphologically identified S. mesasiaticum Rubtsov and a second possible species tentatively identified as S. ferganicum Rubtsov. By analyzing banding patterns of the larval polytene chromosomes, we discovered two fixed inversions, two sex-linked rearrangements, and 19 autosomal rearrangements, including supernumerary B chromosomes. The chromosomal data indicate minimal diversity of only one or two species across the surveyed area of nearly 50,000 km2. Mitochondrial DNA (CO1) sequences fell into three distinct clusters, possibly representing separate species. The chromosomal, molecular, and morphological data indicate that Kyrgyz populations are unique within the S. ornatum group, but the data sets are not entirely congruent. Thus, reconciling data sets and assigning existing names is tentative. Simulium mesasiaticum is linked with undifferentiated sex chromosomes, one of the three CO1 clades, and higher elevations, whereas S. ferganicum is tenuously associated with differentiated sex chromosomes, a separate CO1 clade, and lower elevations. These associations leave one Kyrgyz larva, which is in a third CO1 clade, unlinked to a formal species name. Our analyses also indicate that S. ornatum Meigen sensu stricto, contrary to previous reports, does not occur in Kyrgyzstan and should be deleted from the country’s faunal list.

A new cryptic species of Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Brazilian Cerrado

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2826 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILIAN VAZ-SILVA ◽  
NATAN MEDEIROS MACIEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Mitochondrial Rrna ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Hand Length

A new cryptic species of poison frog is described from Central Brazil and included in the Ameerega picta group. Ameerega berohoka sp. nov. occurs in cerrado sensu stricto and gallery forest phytophysiognomies in the Cerrado biome in areas drained by the Araguaia River basin, State of Goiás, Brazil. The new species differs from the other species in the A. picta group by adult morphology, such as dorsal coloration, hand length, nostril shape, and features of advertisement call. Uncorrected p-distances of a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene revealed high divergence among other Ameerega species. The new species seems to be genetically most similar to Ameerega flavopicta (ca. 5.3%).

Chironomus blaylocki sp. n. and C. bifurcatus sp. n., North American species near the base of the decorus-group (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2023 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG WUELKER ◽  
JON MARTIN ◽  
IYA I. KIKNADZE ◽  
JAMES E. SUBLETTE ◽  
SUSANNE MICHIELS
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Group Species

Two species of the cytologically defined Chironomus decorus-group, C. bifurcatus sp. n. and C. blaylocki sp. n., are described on the basis of their salivary gland polytene chromosomes and larval morphology, with the associated male and pupa of C. bifurcatus and the putative male of C. blaylocki included as paratypes. The banding patterns of the salivary gland chromosomes indicate that these species are near the base of the cytologically defined decorus-group. The cytology and adults of these new species are compared with those of a number of other undescribed North American decorus-group species to demonstrate that they are distinct species.

A new species of Stegopterna Enderlein, and its relationship to the allotriploid species St. mutata (Malloch, 1914) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS C. CURRIE ◽  
FIONA F. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Bisexual Species ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Parthenogenetic Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species of black fly, Stegopterna diplomutata n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described and illustrated. This species is most closely related to Stegopterna mutata (Malloch, 1914), with which it has long been confused. The two species are most easily distinguished based on the presence or absence of males; St. diplomutata is a diploid bisexual species that possesses males, whereas St. mutata is a triploid parthenogenetic species that lacks males. The two species are otherwise not distinguishable except through examination of their larval polytene chromosomes. Observations are provided about the evolution of triploidy in Stegopterna.

Taxonomy and biology of Simulium clarkei Stone & Snoddy(Diptera: Simuliidae), a poorly known black fly of the southeastern United States

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JOHN K. MOULTON ◽  
PETER H. ADLER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ventral Plate ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Banding Sequence ◽  
Southern Georgia

Simulium clarkei Stone & Snoddy was the least known species of black fly in the eastern United States prior to our recent collections from southern Virginia (type locality) to southern Georgia, which yielded good series of all life stages after the egg. On the basis of these collections, we describe the female and the banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes, redescribe the larva, pupa, and male, and provide biological and distributional information. Simulium clarkei most closely resembles S. emarginatum Davies, Peterson, & Wood, but can be distinguished by the banding sequence of its larval polytene chromosomes and the shape of the male ventral plate.

'A posteriori' searching for phenotypic characters to describe new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Dictyonellidae : Scopalina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Blanquer ◽  
Maria-J. Uriz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Three New Species

Cryptic speciation is repeatedly reported in sponge taxonomic studies. Most of the cryptic species, which were revealed by molecular markers, have never been formally described owing to the difficulty in finding diagnostic phenotypic characters. A previous molecular study revealed four genetically distinct species that had been misidentified as Scopalina lophyropoda Schmidt. One species was S. lophyropoda sensu stricto, whereas the other three were new species. Here, the three new species are formally described after careful searching for discriminatory phenotypic characters. The new species are Scopalina blanensis, sp. nov. from the north-western Mediterranean, S. ceutensis, sp. nov. from the Mediterranean coasts of Africa (Atlantic waters) and S. canariensis, sp. nov. from the Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean. All of them are at first sight morphologically similar and inhabit shallow environments with resuspended sediment. However, a closer examination allowed us to find some differential features: e.g. the amount of spongin embedding the spicules, the degree of complexity of the skeletal tracts, the size and curvature of the styles, the growth habit and the colour tinge. Furthermore, an identification key to the Atlanto-Mediterranean Scopalina species is presented. The differences between the genera Scopalina, Ulosa and Dictyonella are also discussed.

A new species of the genus Lobus Martin (Diptera: Asilidae) from West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
A. Naskar ◽  
◽  
A. Maity ◽  
S. Homechaudhuri ◽  
P. Parui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals The Evolution of Life Modes in Stictidaceae, with Three Novel Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Vinodhini Thiyagaraja ◽  
Robert Lücking ◽  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Monte Carlo Sampling ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Character State ◽  
Phenotypic Data

Ostropales sensu lato is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales sensu lato is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales sensu stricto, and Thelenellales. Ostropales sensu stricto is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus, their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here, we introduce a new genus Ostropomyces to accommodate a novel lineage related to Ostropa, which is composed of two new species, as well as a new species of Sphaeropezia, S. shangrilaensis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mitochondrial small subunit spacers (mtSSU), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition played an important role in the evolution of this family.

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