An annotated type catalogue of the camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4375 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANILO HARMS ◽  
NADINE DUPÉRRÉ
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Solifuges are an enigmatic and poorly studied group of arachnids. Commonly referred to as camel spiders or sun spiders, these animals are voracious predators of small animals and found in arid biomes of the Old World and the Americas. In this paper, we provide a catalogue for the solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae) that are held at the Center of Natural History in Hamburg. The collections in Hamburg are predominantly historical and were accumulated by Karl Kraepelin between 1889 and 1914 with the help of other famous arachnologists such as Ferdinant Karsch and Eugène Simon. The re-study of these collections indicates that there are 38 type species and 65 type specimens from 10 families. We provide a detailed account of this material, including collection data, taxonomic updates, measurements and high-resolution images for species that are either poorly or not at all illustrated. Most specimens (70%) were collected in Africa as part of colonial expeditions or field surveys but there are also types from Western Asia (11%), and North and South America (19%). We provide an overview of the history of this collection, including a summary of the field surveys during which the specimens were collected and the arachnologists who described the material. Overall, this is the third-largest collection of solifuges in Germany with a distinct biogeographical focus and one of the largest collections of camel spiders in Europe. 

Transatlantic Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Organizational Ties ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Political Radicalism

The Atlantic Ocean not only connected North and South America with Europe through trade but also provided the means for an exchange of knowledge and ideas, including political radicalism. Socialists and anarchists would use this “radical ocean” to escape state prosecution in their home countries and establish radical milieus abroad. However, this was often a rather unorganized development and therefore the connections that existed were quite diverse. The movement of individuals led to the establishment of organizational ties and the import and exchange of political publications between Europe and the Americas. The main aim of this book is to show how the transatlantic networks of political radicalism evolved with regard to socialist and anarchist milieus and in particular to look at the actors within the relevant processes—topics that have so far been neglected in the major histories of transnational political radicalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Individual case studies are examined within a wider context to show how networks were actually created, how they functioned and their impact on the broader history of the radical Atlantic.

scholarly journals Forty Years of the Description of Brown Spider Venom Phospholipases-D

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Helena Gremski ◽  
Hanna Câmara da Justa ◽  
Thaís Pereira da Silva ◽  
Nayanne Louise Costacurta Polli ◽  
Bruno César Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brown Spider ◽  
Hemolytic Toxin ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Spiders of the genus Loxosceles, popularly known as Brown spiders, are considered a serious public health issue, especially in regions of hot or temperate climates, such as parts of North and South America. Although the venoms of these arachnids are complex in molecular composition, often containing proteins with distinct biochemical characteristics, the literature has primarily described a family of toxins, the Phospholipases-D (PLDs), which are highly conserved in all Loxosceles species. PLDs trigger most of the major clinical symptoms of loxoscelism i.e., dermonecrosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The key role played by PLDs in the symptomatology of loxoscelism was first described 40 years ago, when researches purified a hemolytic toxin that cleaved sphingomyelin and generated choline, and was referred to as a Sphingomyelinase-D, which was subsequently changed to Phospholipase-D when it was demonstrated that the enzyme also cleaved other cellular phospholipids. In this review, we present the information gleaned over the last 40 years about PLDs from Loxosceles venoms especially with regard to the production and characterization of recombinant isoforms. The history of obtaining these toxins is discussed, as well as their molecular organization and mechanisms of interaction with their substrates. We will address cellular biology aspects of these toxins and how they can be used in the development of drugs to address inflammatory processes and loxoscelism. Present and future aspects of loxoscelism diagnosis will be discussed, as well as their biotechnological applications and actions expected for the future in this field.

Systematic review of the neotropical shovelnose catfish genus Sorubim Cuvier (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1422 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL W. LITTMANN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Fish Trade

The genus Sorubim Cuvier, 1829, and two species, S. lima (Bloch & Schneider 1801) and S. trigonocephalus Miranda- Ribeiro, 1920, are redescribed based on the examination of type material and about 400 non-type specimens from ichthyological collections in Europe and North and South America. The five species of the genus are, in addition to S. lima and S. trigonocephalus, S. elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt and Isern 2001, found in the Essequibo, Orinoco, and Amazon basins; S. cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr and Nass 2000, occurring in the Sinu, Cauca, and Magdalena rivers of Colombia and the Lago Maracaibo basin of Colombia and Venezuela; and S. maniradii Littmann, Burr and Buitrago-Suarez 2001, known from the upper and middle Amazon basin. Sorubim lima is the widest-ranging species, occurring in most of the major drainage basins of South America. Sorubim trigonocephalus is extremely rare in natural history collections and is currently known from only two major tributaries of the Amazon basin. Three species (S. maniradii, S. elongatus, and S. lima) occur syntopically. Species of Sorubim are diagnosed on the basis of body and head shape, differences in fin ray and gill-raker numbers, mental barbel position, and degree of pigmentation of the lateral stripe. At least two of the species (S. lima and S elongatus) make up part of the ornamental fish trade and are sold for food in local fish markets in South America. A key to adults of the five species is included.

scholarly journals Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera) in the collections of Ukraine: Species, Specimens, and Collectors

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The collections of Cryptophagidae beetles stored in the natural museums of Ukraine were studied: three academic and two university collections – State Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History and I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zoological Museum of T. Shevchenko Kyiv National University and Museum of Natural History of V. Karazin Kharkiv National University, and also author’s work collection. The volumes and the state of their preservation have been analyzed. The representation of different species in collections, as a whole, and in relation to the Carpathian fauna is evaluated. In general, museum collections contain 1346 samples of Cryptophagids, in each of which – about 210-340 individuals, all of them are stored in separate boxes and punctured by entomologic needles. The author's collection includes 1657 specimens of 57 species, which are mostly stored on cotton mattresses. All six collections include 122 species of 16 genera, containing from 21 to 85 species of this family. Some samples in collections have been lost for various reasons, in 10 cases there are only needles with labels without the samples themselves, therefore, some species (eg Cryptophagus nitidulus, C. hexagonalis) are represented in collections conditionally, only in labels. At the revision of materials attention is paid to taxonomic changes, through which in the publications and in the actual material different species or generic synonymic names were used. The author also took into account the uniqueness of each of the collections, which was determined by several important parameters, including the number of samples that are presented exclusively in some of the museum of species and genera of the family, the number of samples and type specimens in collection. For most of these parameters the leader is the collection of Zoological Museum of T. Shevchenko Kyiv National University. All data is included in the author's database, which contains summaries of annotations containing collections of samples, names of regions and localities of collection, dates, collectors, or owners of the collection, and also notes with clarifications of places or details of reidentifications.

Hitler's Jewish Refugees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

This book describes the experience of Jewish refugees as they fled Hitler to live in limbo in Portugal until they could reach safer havens abroad. As the Nazis launched the Holocaust, Lisbon emerged as the best way station for Jews to escape Europe for North and South America. Jewish refugees had begun fleeing the continent in the mid-1930s from ports closer to home. But after Germany defeated Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France, and Italy joined the war, all in the spring of 1940, Lisbon became the port of departure from Europe. Jewish refugees from western and eastern Europe aimed for Portugal. An emotional history of fleeing, the book probes how specific locations touched refugees' inner lives, including the borders they nervously crossed or the overcrowded transatlantic ships that signaled their liberation.

The Haitian Revolution in Atlantic Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Geggus
Keyword(s):  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
Free People ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Of all the Atlantic revolutions, the fifteen-year struggle that transformed French Saint-Domingue into independent Haiti produced the greatest degree of social and economic change, and most fully embodied the contemporary pursuit of freedom, equality, and independence. Between 1789 and 1804, the Haitian Revolution unfolded as a succession of major precedents: the winning of colonial representation in a metropolitan assembly, the ending of racial discrimination, the first abolition of slavery in an important slave society, and the creation of Latin America's first independent state. Beginning as a home-rule movement among wealthy white colonists, it rapidly drew in militant free people of colour who demanded political rights and then set off the largest slave uprising in the history of the Americas. Sandwiched between the colonial revolutions of North and South America, and complexly intertwined with the coterminous revolution in France, Haiti's revolution has rarely been grouped with these major conflicts despite its claims to global significance.

1. The Atlantic slave trade

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heather Andrea Williams
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Slavery had long existed in Europe and Africa, but the history of the Atlantic slave trade begins in the 1440s with Portuguese exploration of West Africa. ‘The Atlantic slave trade’ charts the increased demand for slave labor in Portugal and the Christian justification of African enslavement. In the 1490s, the journeys of Christopher Columbus to the Caribbean and North and South America opened up mineral-rich and fertile lands on which European countries planted their flags and the Christian cross. More than 12 million Africans boarded the ships, but nearly 2 million died during the Middle Passage. Of those who survived, only about 5 percent went to North America, with most going to South America and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Native or Invasive? The Red-Haired Pine Bark Beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in East Asia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Sangwook Park ◽  
Zi-Ru Jiang ◽  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Andris Simon Ernstsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
The Status ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
New Occurrences

The red-haired pine bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius), is one of the most rapidly spreading invasive forest insects. Originally from Eurasia, it has subsequently been introduced to Oceania, North, and South America. Yet, the status of H. ligniperda in East Asia is ambiguous. Here, investigation and analysis were conducted on the beetle in China, South Korea, and Japan. New occurrences in China and South Korea were recorded by field surveys and the expansion of H. ligniperda spreading in East Asia was analyzed. The results show that H. ligniperda is likely an invasive species in East Asia, initially invading Japan, then South Korea. Now it has invaded and successfully colonized Shandong province, China. Furthermore, the species has spread rapidly and it is now widely distributed in South Korea and Japan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document