Biology, immature stages, and systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Colobaea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with overviews of aspects of the tribe Sciomyzini

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4840 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-64
Author(s):  
ALBERTUS D. BRATT ◽  
LLOYD V. KNUTSON ◽  
WILLIAM L. MURPHY ◽  
ANTHONY A. DANIELS
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Species Being

All reared larvae of flies of the genus Colobaea Zetterstedt, 1837 (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), which comprises 15 valid species, kill and consume freshwater nonoperculate pulmonate snails. New data are presented on the geographic distribution, biology, morphology of immature stages, and classification of Colobaea. Life cycle information is provided from field data and laboratory rearings for four of the 11 Palearctic species—C. bifasciella (Fallén), C. deemingi Knutson & Bratt n.sp., C. pectoralis (Zetterstedt), and C. punctata (Lundbeck)—and for one of the three Nearctic species, C. americana Steyskal. Colobaea bifasciella is shown to be one of the most highly specialized parasitoid Sciomyzini, laying eggs on shells of Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller) and Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Müller) in temporary, intermittent, or vernal semiterrestrial situations. Each larva feeds in only one host snail, which is not killed until shortly before the larva completes development. Puparia are strongly modified to fit tightly within the shell of the host. The other reared species are shown to be less specialized than C. bifasciella, with eggs being laid upon vegetation, the larvae behaving as parasitoids-predators-saprophages of exposed aquatic snails, and the puparia of all four species being adapted to a lesser degree than C. bifasciella to fitting within the shell of the host snail. In nature, C. americana attacks Gyraulus parvus (Say) and Physa Draparnaud sp.; C. pectoralis attacks Anisus vortex (L.) and Bathyomphalus contortus (L.); and C. punctata attacks Gyraulus albus O.F. Müller, Lymnaea “peregra,” Planorbarius corneus (L.), and Planorbis planorbis (L.). In the laboratory, these species also attacked and consumed other freshwater nonoperculate snails; C. deemingi was reared on Gyraulus intermixtus (Mousson) and Radix gedrosiana (Say), and an adult fly of the Palearctic C. distincta (Meigen) emerged from a puparium found in the shell of Anisus spirorbis (L.) collected in nature. Described and figured are eggs, larvae of all three instars, and puparia of the five laboratory-reared species. To provide perspective on features of Colobaea, diagnostic features are summarized of the immature stages of the Sciomyzini and the suprageneric categories of Sciomyzidae. The biogeography of the tribe Sciomyzini is presented, along with details of known geographical distribution. The classification and phylogenetic position of Colobaea are discussed. Included are a checklist of all known taxa of Colobaea, maps of geographic distribution, and a key to adults of the 15 valid species. 

Subgeneric classification of the Palaearctic bees of the genus Evylaeus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1500 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
YURI A. PESENKO
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Annotated List

A subgeneric classification for the 318 currently recognised species of the genus Evylaeus recorded from the Palaearctic Region (in the narrower understanding) is suggested. It includes 29 subgenera all of which are keyed. An annotated list of subgenera contains diagnoses and information about type species, general geographic distribution, and species included. The following 19 new subgenera are described: Aerathalictus subg. n. (type species: Melitta aerata Kirby), Biennilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus marginatus Brullé), Crassevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus crassepunctatus Blüthgen), Fratevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus fratellus Pérez), Glauchalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus problematicus Blüthgen), Laevinodilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus laevinodis Morawitz), Limbevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus limbellus Morawitz), Loethalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus loetus Brullé), Malachevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta malachura Kirby), Minutulaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus minutulus Schenck), Monilevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus immunitus Vachal), Nitidiusculaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta nitidiuscula Kirby), Nodicornevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus nodicornis Morawitz), Pallidevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Nomioides pallida Radoszkowski), Pauxevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus pauxillus Schenck), Tricinctevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus tricinctus Schenck), Truncevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus truncaticollis Morawitz), Virenshalictus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus virens Erichson), Viridihalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus viridis Brullé). Hylaeus politus Schenck is fixed as the type species of the subgenus Pyghalictus Warncke 1975. Evylaeus albitarsoides (Blüthgen) is resurrected as a valid species. The following new synonymies are ascertained: Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen 1938 = Lasioglossum andromeda Ebmer 1978, syn. n.; Lasioglossum fratellus betulae Ebmer 1978 = L. nupricola Sakagami 1988, syn. n. The lectotype of Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen is designated. Advantages of a more finely divided and hierarchically deeper classification of large taxa are discussed. A synonymic catalogue of species-group names of the Palaearctic Evylaeus, comprising 679 names, appended.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Distribution, systematics and nomenclature of the three taxa of Common Stonechats (Aves, Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Saxicola) that breed in the Caucasian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
V.M. Loskot ◽  
G.B. Bakhtadze
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Western

Geographic distribution and habitat preferences of Saxicola rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766), S. maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin, 1774), and S. m. armenicus (Stegman, 1935) inhabiting the Caucasian Isthmus and adjacent areas are described in detail. We examined the individual, sexual, age, seasonal and geographical variations of seven main diagnostic features of both plumage and morphometrics (exactly, the length of wing and tail) using 381 skin specimens. Substantially improved diagnoses of S. m. variegatus and S. m. armenicus are provided. After a thorough examination of the materials and history of the expedition of Samuel Gmelin in 1768–1774, and his description of Parus variegatus, it was concluded that the type locality of this taxon was the vicinity of Shamakhi in Azerbaijan not Enzeli in North-Western Turkey. It is also shown the fallacy of the recently proposed attribution of the holotype of the northern subspecies S. m. variegatus to the southern taxon S. m. armenicus and synonymisation of these names, as well as the replacement of the name S. m. variegatus by its junior synonym S. m. hemrichii Ehrenberg, 1833 for the northern subspecies.

Soil and litter nematode diversity of Mount Hamiguitan, the Philippines, with description of Bicirronema hamiguitanense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Bicirronematidae)

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qing ◽  
Wim Bert ◽  
Hanne Steel ◽  
Joeseph Quisado ◽  
Irma Tandingan De Ley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
Common Group

The nematode diversity in soil and litter was investigated on Mount Hamiguitan, the Philippines, along four eco-habitats from elevations of 75-1600 m a.s.l. A total of 155 and 467 nematodes were identified to 39 and 62 genera from litter and soil, respectively. The nematode assemblages and diversity did not show any relation to eco-habitat or elevation. Bacterivorous nematodes were the most common group (37.5%). Acrobeloides was most abundant from the soil and Aphelenchoides from the litter. Bicirronema hamiguitanense n. sp. is herein described based on morphology, morphometrics and molecular data. The new species has the following diagnostic features: a wide lateral field one-fifth of its body diam. with four incisures forming two ornamented ridges; gubernaculum with proximal thickening; spicules (35-38 μm) and gubernaculum (18-20 μm) longer than B. caledoniense; and with 37 molecular autapomorphies supporting its new species status. The phylogenetic position of the new species within Cephalobomorpha is discussed.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4504 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
ISHTIAG H. ABDALLA ◽  
CHRISTIAN M. DESCHODT ◽  
CLARKE H. SCHOLTZ ◽  
CATHERINE L. SOLE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Incertae Sedis

The genus Macroderes Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, tribe incertae sedis) is practically endemic to South Africa with only one species that is found little north in southern Namibia. The ranges of the species are limited to the winter-fall and bimodal biomes of South Africa comprising the regions of Richtersveld as extreme points of its northerly distribution, and extending to the south through Namaqualand to Cape Agulhas. The taxonomy of the genus is revised. Fourteen valid species are recognised and three others are of doubtful validity. Seven new species are described, these are: M. cederbergensis Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. tortuosus Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. gifboomi Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. leipoldti Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. oreatus Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species, and M. soleiana Abdalla & Deschodt, new species. Macroderes nitidus Harold, 1877 is redescribed and its lectotype is designated. The diagnostic characters as well as an updated geographic distribution of each species are summarised. An updated key of the genus, photographs of habitus, sclerites of internal sac, pronotum, pronotal punctures and elytra also are provided. 

scholarly journals On the fossil Remains of Panochthus Burmeister, 1866 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Ferreira ◽  
Martín Zamorano ◽  
Ana Maria Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Species Level ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Material

The genus Panochthus represents the last lineage of "Panochthini" recorded in the Pleistocene. This genus has a wide latitudinal distribution in South America, and in Brazil it occurs in the southern and northeastern regions. In this paper we describe new material (isolated osteoderms and caudal tube fragments) assigned to Panochthus from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) and discuss some taxonomic issues related to Panochthus tuberculatus and Panochthus greslebini based on this material . The occurrence of P. greslebini is the first for outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region. In addition, we describe new diagnostic features to differentiate the osteoderms of P. greslebini and P. tuberculatus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify some osteoderms at the species level. Interestingly, they showed four distinct morphotypes characterized by their external morphology, and thus were attributed to Panochthus sp. Lastly, we conclude that in addition to P.tuberculatus registered to southern Brazil, there is another species of the genus, assignable to P. cf. P. greslebini. Our analysis reinforce the reliability of caudal tube characters for the classification of species of Panochthus.

Corrigendum to: Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Edilson Caron ◽  
Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa ◽  
Alfred F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support

Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.

scholarly journals Toward a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the “hirculus” group of American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Rossini ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello ◽  
Mario Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Scarab Beetles

The taxonomy of the American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 included in the “hirculus” group is revised, and a study of their morphology allows for the delineation of five species-complexes. Herein, we provide a diagnosis of the “hirculus” group, an illustrated key to the complexes, along with a descriptive overview of their taxonomy and geographic distribution. Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim, 1829 is considered to be a junior synonym of O. hircus Billberg, 1815, which is here demonstrated to be a valid species name. Thus, the “hirculus” group is here renamed the “hircus” group. Furthermore, a general scheme of the genital organs of American Onthophagus is provided, including names of different anatomical parts and a brief discussion on the need for nomenclatural stability for the genitalia of scarab beetles.

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