On the fossil Remains of Panochthus Burmeister, 1866 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil

The genus Panochthus represents the last lineage of "Panochthini" recorded in the Pleistocene. This genus has a wide latitudinal distribution in South America, and in Brazil it occurs in the southern and northeastern regions. In this paper we describe new material (isolated osteoderms and caudal tube fragments) assigned to Panochthus from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) and discuss some taxonomic issues related to Panochthus tuberculatus and Panochthus greslebini based on this material . The occurrence of P. greslebini is the first for outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region. In addition, we describe new diagnostic features to differentiate the osteoderms of P. greslebini and P. tuberculatus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify some osteoderms at the species level. Interestingly, they showed four distinct morphotypes characterized by their external morphology, and thus were attributed to Panochthus sp. Lastly, we conclude that in addition to P.tuberculatus registered to southern Brazil, there is another species of the genus, assignable to P. cf. P. greslebini. Our analysis reinforce the reliability of caudal tube characters for the classification of species of Panochthus.

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Phacus multifacies sp. nov., a new Euglenophyceae from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/2236-8906-93/2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 143-148

Author(s):

Sandra Maria Alves-da-Silva ◽

Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Pond Water ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Chemical Information ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Full Turn

ABSTRACT As a result of the taxonomic survey of the pigmented Euglenophyceae of Lago da Ponte, an artificial pond located at the Porto Alegre Botanical Garden, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil and samples gathered later on from this same water body, a new species of Phacus (Euglenophyceae, Phacaceae), P. multifacies Alves-da-Silva & C. Bicudo, sp. nov., is here described and proposed as new to science. Cell displacement turning ventrally one full turn round itself and also rotating around its longitudinal axis and the presence of a dorsal wing-like expansion next to the caudal process are the main diagnostic features of the new species. Physical and chemical information on the pond water is presented.

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Squamata, Serpentes, Micrurus silviae Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins and Silva, 2007: presence confirmation in Paraguay

Check List ◽

10.15560/11038 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 809 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pier Cacciali ◽

Daniel Espínola ◽

Silvia Centrón Viñales ◽

Irene Gauto Espínola ◽

Hugo Cabral

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Rio Grande ◽

South American ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Southern South America ◽

Natural Grassland

Micrurus silviae is a coralsnake with a triadal pattern, and is one of the eight species found in southern South America. In Paraguay there are six taxa recorded: M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, M. corallinus, and M. lemniscatus carvalhoi. Here we present a record of M. silviae, an additional and seventh species for the country. Previously M. silviae was known only from Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil. The specimen was found in South American Mesopotamian Grasslands ecoregion, with natural grassland in the Department of Itapúa.

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Rediscovery of Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) (Aves, Thraupidae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/13.2.2069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 2069

Author(s):

João Paulo Gava Just ◽

Ricardo Dossa Colvero ◽

Jairo José Zocche

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Habitat Loss ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Species Range ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Pet Trade ◽

Made In

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater, Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) (Aves, Thraupidae), is a threatened passerine endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America. Habitat loss and illegal capture for the pet trade has reduced the geographical distribution of this species. The Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul represents the southernmost limit of this species’ range. There, S. frontalis was last recorded in 1883, and currently this species is thought to be as extirpated in this state. After 133 years, we report photographic and audiotape records of S. frontalis, made in the municipalities of Maquiné and Mampituba, Rio Grande do Sul.

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Occurrence of Cabassous tatouay (Cingulata, Dasypodidae) in Rio Grande do Sul and its potential distribution in southern Brazil

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/1678-476620151052235241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefan V. de Oliveira ◽

Luiz L. C. Corrêa ◽

Felipe B. Peters ◽

Fábio D. Mazim ◽

Felipe M. Garcias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Rare Species ◽

Ecological Niche ◽

Potential Distribution ◽

Ecological Niche Modeling ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Niche Modeling ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Southern South America

ABSTRACT Cabossous tatouay Desmarest, 1804 is considered a rare species in southern South America, and Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, records of the species are scarce and inaccurate. This study reports 40 localities for C. tatouay, and provides a map of the species' potential distribution using ecological niche modeling (ENM). The ENM indicated that in this region C. tatouay is associated with open grasslands, including the areas of "Pampas" and the open fields in the highlands of the Atlantic Forest. This study contributes to the information about the greater naked-tailed armadillo in southern Brazil, and provides data key to its future conservation.

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Further notes on the morphology and distribution of Neopaxillus echinospermus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/12.1.1834 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1834 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Gonçalves dos Santos Silva-Filho ◽

Gilberto Coelho ◽

Vagner Gularte Cortez

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

South America ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Scanning Electron

Neopaxillus echinospermus is a common but poorly understood agaric species from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). In this paper, we discuss conflicting morphological features reported in the literature and expand the distribution of the species to Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous Forests from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states, respectively, in Southern Brazil. Hyphal structure of the pileipellis, presence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, presence of clamp connections and oleiferous (thrombopleurous) hyphae, and the basidiospore morphology under scanning electron microscopy are illustrated and discussed in detail.

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New insights onPrestosuchus chiniquensisHuene, 1942 (Pseudosuchia, Loricata) based on new specimens from the “Tree Sanga” Outcrop, Chiniquá Region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1622 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1622 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marcel B. Lacerda ◽

Bianca M. Mastrantonio ◽

Daniel C. Fortier ◽

Cesar L. Schultz

Keyword(s):

Middle Triassic ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Taxonomic Resolution ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

New Material ◽

Assemblage Zone ◽

Santa Maria

The ‘rauisuchians’ are a group of Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs that displayed a near global distribution. Their problematic taxonomic resolution comes from the fact that most taxa are represented only by a few and/or mostly incomplete specimens. In the last few decades, renewed interest in early archosaur evolution has helped to clarify some of these problems, but further studies on the taxonomic and paleobiological aspects are still needed. In the present work, we describe new material attributed to the ‘rauisuchian’ taxonPrestosuchus chiniquensis, of theDinodontosaurusAssemblage Zone, Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence of southern Brazil, based on a comparative osteologic analysis. Additionally, we present well supported evidence that these represent juvenile forms, due to differences in osteological features (i.e., a subnarial fenestra) that when compared to previously described specimens can be attributed to ontogeny and indicate variation within a single taxon of a problematic but important osteological structure in the study of ‘rauisuchians.’

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High-resolution phylogenetics and phylogeography of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C epidemic in South America

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.028951-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 1698-1709 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Nazle Mendonca Collaço Véras ◽

Rebecca R. Gray ◽

Luis Fernando de Macedo Brígido ◽

Rosângela Rodrigues ◽

Marco Salemi

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

South America ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Subtype C ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C (HIV-1C) represents 30–65 % of HIV infections in southern Brazil, and isolated cases of HIV-1C infection have also been reported in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Venezuela. Phylogenetic studies have suggested that the Brazilian subtype C epidemic was initiated by the introduction of closely related strains. Nevertheless, because of sampling limitations, the point of entry and the timing of subtype C introduction into Brazil, as well as the origin of the founder lineage, remain controversial. The present study investigated the origin, spread and phylogeography of HIV-1C in South America. Phylogenetic analysis showed a well-supported monophyletic clade including all available strains from Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Only one lineage from Venezuela was unrelated to the epidemic involving the other three countries. Molecular clock and likelihood mapping analysis showed that HIV-1C introduction in Brazil dated back to the period 1960–1970, much earlier than previously thought, and was followed by a nearly simultaneous star-like outburst of viral lineages, indicating a subsequent rapid spread. Phylogeographic patterns suggested Paraná or Rio Grande do Sul as the possible entrance points of subtype C and an asymmetrical gene flow from Paraná to Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, as well as from Rio Grande do Sul to Sao Paulo fostered by the strong inter-connectivity between population centres in southern Brazil. The study illustrates how coupling phylogeography inference with geographical information system data is critical to understand the origin and dissemination of viral pathogens and potentially predict their future spread.

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The DiatomAnorthoneis dulcisHein from Southern Brazil: Morphology and Ecology

Research Letters in Ecology ◽

10.1155/2008/140245 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Garcia Marinês ◽

Talgatti Dávia Marciana

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

South America ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Patos Lagoon ◽

Original Diagnosis ◽

Structure Morphology

A new geographic locality forAnorthoneis dulcisis reported. The paper describes the distribution and relative abundance ofA. dulcisin Lagoa dos Patos lagoon (a lagoon in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) from samples collected between 2004 and 2005, and shows that this rare species is present all year round. This study extends the species distribution to South America indicating that the species can thrive on sand grains in lentic estuarine, and freshwater areas. It widens the range of tolerance to environmental parameters. The valve fine structure, morphology, and dimensions are in agreement with the original diagnosis.

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First records of Casiornis rufus (Vieillot, 1816) (Aves, Tyrannidae) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.3.1664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni ◽

Danielle Bellagamba-Oliveira ◽

Gina Bellagamba ◽

Ricardo Oliveira de Oliveira ◽

Fernando Jacobs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Central South

The Rufous Casiornis, Casiornis rufus (Vielliot, 1916), is widespread in central South America, reaching its southernmost distribution in northern Argentina and Uruguay. Here we present the first nine records of the species for Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. The records were documented with photographs and consisted mostly of lone individuals observed in riparian forests inserted in a matrix of grasslands and rice fields. The Rufous Casiornis apparently occurs in very low densities in the region. More observations are needed to elucidate its status of occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul.

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Odonata, Aeshnidae, Anax amazili (Burmeister, 1839): first record for southern Brazil [with erratum]

Check List ◽

10.15560/8.3.551 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 551 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marina Schmidt Dalzochio ◽

Cristina Stenert ◽

Leonardo Maltchik

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Current Distribution ◽

French Guiana ◽

Rio Grande ◽

First Record ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽

The World ◽

First Time

The genus Anax comprises a group with cosmopolitan distribution and 27 species around the world. In Brazil, Anax is represented by three species: A. amazili, A. concolor and A. longipes. Anax amazili occurs, in South America, from French Guiana to Argentina, and in Brazil is distributed in the northeast and southeast of the country. We have reported A. amazili for the first time in southern Brazil, from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, extending its current distribution about 1000 km.

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