Redescription and phylogenetics of Allobates trilineatus (Boulenger 1884 “1883”) (Anura: Aromobatidae) based on topotypic specimens

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-235
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS F. JARAMILLO ◽  
GIUSSEPE GAGLIARDI-URRUTIA ◽  
PEDRO IVO SIMÕES ◽  
SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Candidate Species

Allobates trilineatus is the second most geographically widespread species in the genus Allobates, its range extending from northern Ecuador to southern Peru along the Andean foothills of Amazonia and to the east, into Acre, Brazil. However, detailed phenotypic and genetic variation from topotypic specimens is lacking, raising doubts about the identification of specimens in the literature. To solve this problem, we collected 16 topotypic specimens—including male and female adults and juveniles—and associated data such as advertisement calls and tissue samples. Based upon this material, we redescribe the phenotypic variation within A. trilineatus and evaluate its phylogenetic position using a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 16S rDNA. Allobates trilineatus is distinguished from its congeners by its small body size (adult snout-to-vent-length = 14.6–16.6 mm), preserved males with dark gray throat, and gray chest and belly, pale dorsolateral stripe straight and conspicuous, and advertisement call formed by the emission of groups of note-pairs with dominant frequency at 5.06–5.81 kHz. Our phylogenetic results indicate that none of the specimens assigned to this species in previous phylogenetic studies cluster within the clade formed by topotypic samples, except for the sample of one tadpole. Furthermore, our comparison of published phenotypic and genetic data assigned to A. trilineatus with our new data led us to conclude that A. trilineatus as previously recognized was actually a complex of cryptic, closely related species. Although with the data at hand we cannot fully resolve the taxonomy of all sampled populations in previous studies, we provide a new definition and delimitation of A. trilineatus sensu stricto, assign other specimens to different evolutionary units corresponding to candidate species, and flag other important taxonomic issues. 

scholarly journals A new species of the Dendropsophus decipiens Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0248112
Author(s):  
Rogério Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe de Medeiros Magalhães ◽  
Bernardo Franco da Veiga Teixeira ◽  
Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura ◽  
Clara Ribeiro Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
In Series ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Forest Biome

We describe a new species of the Dendropsophus decipiens Group, morphologically most resembling D. haddadi but genetically more closely related to D. oliveirai and likely endemic from the Atlantic Forest biome, northeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all species of the D. decipiens Group based on the combination of morphological features, advertisement call and phylogenetic position based on mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. The new species emits simple calls in series of 3–9 notes, each with 9–29 pulses, and dominant frequency varying from 5578–6422 Hz, and exhibit a minimum of 8% genetic distance (16S mitochondrial gene) in comparison to its congeners. The new taxa represent the sixth species of the D. decipiens Group, which likely harbors more undescribed taxa, corroborating the view that Neotropical species richness is fairly underestimated.

A new species of the Pristimantis orestes group (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the high Andes of Ecuador, Reserva Mazar

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3616 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN M. GUAYASAMIN ◽  
ALEJANDRO F. ARTEAGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new Pristimantis from La Libertad and Rumiloma, Reserva Mazar, Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, at elevations between 2895–3415 m. This species is assigned to the P. orestes group, from whose members it differs by its small body size (adult males ≤ 18.1 mm; adult females ≤ 23.7 mm), usually reticulated ventral pattern, and visible tympanum. The vocalization of the new species consists of a series of calls; each call is composed by a pulsed, non-modulated note in frequency, and with a dominant frequency of 3122–3171 Hz. A molecular phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 12S shows that the new species is sister to Pristimantis simonbolivari.

scholarly journals The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4251 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRN KÖHLER ◽  
MARTIN JANSEN ◽  
ARIEL RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
PHILIPPE J. R. KOK ◽  
LUÍS FELIPE TOLEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Frequency Components

Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged. 

Revisiting the generic position and acoustic diagnosis of Odontophrynus salvatori (Anura: Odontophrynidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Felipe de Medeiros Magalhaes
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acoustic Diagnosis ◽  
Occurrence Records

Herein we evaluate the phylogenetic position, and revisit the generic allocation of Odontophrynus salvatori, which has for long been considered controversial because it exhibits intermediate morphological features between Odontophrynus and Proceratophrys. By assessing a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene from topotypical specimens, we confirm that O. salvatori is a member of the genus Proceratophrys and sister to P. moratoi, also forming a clade with P. concavitympanum and P. ararype. Therefore, we formally transfer O. salvatori to the genus Proceratophrys [Proceratophrys salvatori (Caramaschi 1996) comb. nov.]. Additionally, the calls of Proceratophrys salvatori and P. moratoi, formally compared for the first time, are shown to exhibit similar structures: they both emit single multi-pulsed notes that differ mainly in pulse repetition rate and dominant frequency. Finally, we summarise occurrence records for P. salvatori and P. moratoi and provide a new record of P. moratoi in Mato Grosso State, extending its distribution about 490 km to the north-west.

A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the high Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, discovered using morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2876 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO F. ARTEAGA-NAVARRO ◽  
JUAN M. GUAYASAMIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

We describe a new small sized (SVL in females ≤ 25.7 mm; in males, ≤ 20.1 mm) Pristimantis, associated with bamboodominated forests in the Reserva Mazar, Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, at elevations between 2876–2989 m. This species is assigned to the P. orestes group, from whose members it differs by the absence of tubercles on heel and outer edge of tarsus, lacking a discoidal fold, presence of slightly expanded finger and toe pads, and bright yellow blotches on groin, axilla and anterior surfaces of thigh. The advertisement call of the new species consists of a series of short, indistinctly pulsed notes, and has a dominant frequency of 2.50–2.56 kHz. A molecular phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 12S shows that the new species is sister to a clade formed by Pristimantis simonbolivari and an undescribed Pristimantis.

scholarly journals Additions to Philippine slender skinks of the Brachymeles bonitae complex (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) IV: Resurrection and redescription of Brachymeles burksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Limb Reduction ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Meristic Counts

The diversity of Philippine amphibians and reptiles has increased over the last few decades, in part due to re-evaluation of species formerly believed to be widespread. Many of these investigations of widespread species have uncovered multiple closely related cryptic lineages comprising species complexes, each restricted to individual Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complexes (PAICs). One group in particular for which widespread cryptic diversity has been common is the clade of Philippine skinks of the genus Brachymeles. Recent phylogenetic studies of the formerly recognized widespread species Brachymeles bonitae have indicated that this species is actually a complex distributed across several major PAICs and smaller island groups in the central and northern Philippines, with numerous species that exhibit an array of digit loss and limb reduction patterns. Despite the recent revisions to the B. bonitae species complex, studies suggest that unique cryptic lineages still exist within this group. In this paper, we resurrect the species Brachymeles burksi Taylor 1917, for a lineage of non-pentadactyl, semi-fossorial skink from Mindoro and Marinduque islands. First described in 1917, B. burksi was synonymized with B. bonitae in 1956, and has rarely been reconsidered since. Evaluation of genetic and morphological data (qualitative traits, meristic counts, and mensural measurements), and comparison of recently-obtained specimens to Taylor’s original description support this species’ recognition, as does its insular distribution on isolated islands in the central portions of the archipelago. Morphologically, B. burksi is differentiated from other members of the genus based on a suite of unique phenotypic characteristics, including a small body size, digitless limbs, a high number of presacral vertebrae, the absence of auricular openings, and discrete (non-overlapping) meristic scale counts. The recognition of this central Philippine species further increases the diversity of non-pentadactyl members of the B. bonitae complex, and reinforces the biogeographic uniqueness of the Mindoro faunal region. KEYWORDS: biodiversity, endemism, faunal region, fossoriality, limb reduction

A new species of Phyllodytes (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (4) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDIT VÖRÖS ◽  
IURI RIBEIRO DIAS ◽  
MIRCO SOLÉ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
A New Species

We describe Phyllodytes amadoi sp. nov., a species of treefrog from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed by its small body size (SVL 15.6–23.0 mm) and advertisement call with high dominant frequency (3.789–4.306 Hz). It is known from one locality in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Ararauna, in the municipality of Una (15° 18' 38.3" S, 39° 9' 55.9" W, 96 m a.s.l.). 

Third time’s a charm: reviewing the advertisement call of Gabohyla pauloalvini (Anura: Hylidae: Scinaxinae), an endemic species from Brazil’ Atlantic Forest

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
LUIZ FERNANDO CARMO ◽  
JULIANA ALVES ◽  
IURI R. DIAS ◽  
MIRCO SOLÉ ◽  
CAIO V. DE MIRA-MENDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Natural History Studies ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

The Neotropical tribe Sphaenorhynchini is composed of 15 recognized species commonly named as “lime treefrogs”. Gabohyla pauloalvini occurs in Atlantic Forest lowlands through the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil. Based on field observation, literature review, and evaluation of audio files, we conclude that previous bioacoustic descriptions were erroneously assigned to G. pauloalvini. Here, we describe for the first time the advertisement call of G. pauloalvini from two disjunct populations. In addition, we provide new distribution records and an updated map for this species. The advertisement call of G. pauloalvini is composed of 1–5 closely spaced notes, with duration of 0.016–1.976 s, inter-note intervals of 0.340–1.25 s, and an average dominant frequency (= fundamental frequency) of 4966.0 Hz. Harmonics are visible in the spectrogram. Three new populations of G. pauloalvini have been recorded and extended the distribution by 60 km south. Nevertheless, G. pauloalvini is still known only from few localities. We highlight the importance of depositing audio recordings and specimens in scientific collections to promote systematics and natural history studies.  

A new species of Leptodactylus Fitzinger (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1861 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULISSES CARAMASCHI ◽  
RENATO N. FEIO ◽  
VINÍCIUS A. SÃO-PEDRO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Large Size ◽  
O 31 ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Leptodactylus belonging to the L. fuscus species group, and related to the L. mystaceus complex, is described from the Lagoa das Bromélias (20 o 53’S, 42 o 31’W; 1,227 m above sea level), Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Municipality of Ervália, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Leptodactylus cupreus sp. nov. is characterized by the large size for the group (SVL 50.1–55.1 mm in males) and color pattern. The new species has a non-pulsed advertisement call, with call rate about 12 calls/s and a dominant frequency between 2,800 and 3,058 Hz.

scholarly journals Duetting Patterns of Titi Monkeys (Primates, Pitheciidae: Callicebinae) and Relationships with Phylogeny

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Adret ◽  
Kimberly Dingess ◽  
Christini Caselli ◽  
Jan Vermeer ◽  
Jesus Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Habitat Acoustics

Long-range vocal communication in socially monogamous titi monkeys is mediated by the production of loud, advertising calls in the form of solos, duets, and choruses. We conducted a power spectral analysis of duets and choruses (simply “duets” hereafter) followed by linear discriminant analysis using three acoustic parameters—dominant frequency of the combined signal, duet sequence duration, and pant call rate—comparing the coordinated vocalizations recorded from 36 family groups at 18 sites in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador. Our analysis identified four distinct duetting patterns: (1) a donacophilus pattern, sensu stricto, characteristic of P. donacophilus, P. pallescens, P. olallae, and P. modestus; (2) a moloch pattern comprising P. discolor, P. toppini, P. aureipalatii, and P. urubambensis; (3) a torquatus pattern exemplified by the duet of Cheracebus lucifer; and (4) the distinctive duet of P. oenanthe, a putative member of the donacophilus group, which is characterized by a mix of broadband and narrowband syllables, many of which are unique to this species. We also document a sex-related difference in the bellow-pant phrase combination among the three taxa sampled from the moloch lineage. Our data reveal a presumptive taxonomic incoherence illustrated by the distinctive loud calls of both P. urubambensis and P. oenanthe within the donacophilus lineage, sensu largo. The results are discussed in light of recent reassessments of the callicebine phylogeny, based on a suite of genetic studies, and the potential contribution of environmental influences, including habitat acoustics and social learning. A better knowledge of callicebine loud calls may also impact the conservation of critically endangered populations, such as the vocally distinctive Peruvian endemic, the San Martin titi, P. oenanthe.

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