Effective Classification of Cervical Cancer Using Contourlet Transform

Cervical cancer is the second most leading cancer among women. Source of cervical cancer is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Tests to confirm a diagnosis of cervical cancer are colposcopy and cervical biopsy (pap smear). This paper includes the usage of colposcopy images and tests to find where cancer cells are on the surface of the cervix. Contourlet transform (CT) is proposed to extract the features of the colposcopy images and then for classification of Aceto white Region (Abnormal) and Non Aceto white Region (Normal), K-Nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifier is used. In the existing system, wavelet transforms are used to extract the features in which minimum quantity of information and features are obtained (Only 3 directions are focused). In CT, for higher resolution, additional directional is employed. The greater performance is achieved by extracting and choosing the simplest features from contourlet coefficients of the colposcopy images and these outputs are fed into the KNN classifier for classification.

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Perceptions of Nigerian Women about Human Papilloma Virus, Cervical Cancer, and HPV Vaccine

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2015/285702 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olusola Anuoluwapo Akanbi ◽

Abiodun Iyanda ◽

Folakemi Osundare ◽

Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Computer Software ◽

General Knowledge ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Nigerian Women ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test

Background. Cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) though preventable has claimed the lives of many women worldwide. This study was embarked upon to evaluate the general knowledge and perceptions of Nigerian women on HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine.Methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to a cross section of 737 women randomly selected from the general population in two southwestern States of Nigeria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 16. APvalue >0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. One hundred and seventy-six (23.9%) of the respondents had knowledge of HPV; 474 (64.3%) are aware of cervical cancer but only 136 (18.5%) know that HPV causes cervical cancer. 200 (27.1%) are aware that there is an HPV vaccine while 300 (40.7%) had knowledge of Pap smear test. Two hundred and sixty (35.3%) of the respondents know that early detection of HPV can prevent cervical cancer and in spite of this, only 110 (14.9%) have taken the Pap smear test before while 151 (20.5%) are not willing to go for the test at all.Conclusions. There is therefore the need to create proper awareness on the HPV and its possible consequence of cervical carcinoma.

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Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Cervical Cancer and Health Disparities

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8060622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 622 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patti Olusola ◽

Hirendra Nath Banerjee ◽

Julie V. Philley ◽

Santanu Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Pap Smear ◽

The United States ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

The Usa ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Cancer Outcome

Cervical cancer develops through persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) and is a leading cause of death among women worldwide and in the United States. Periodic surveillance through hrHPV and Pap smear-based testing has remarkably reduced cervical cancer incidence worldwide and in the USA. However, considerable discordance in the occurrence and outcome of cervical cancer in various populations exists. Lack of adequate health insurance appears to act as a major socioeconomic burden for obtaining cervical cancer preventive screening in a timely manner, which results in disparate cervical cancer incidence. On the other hand, cervical cancer is aggressive and often detected in advanced stages, including African American and Hispanic/Latina women. In this context, our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanism and genetic basis behind the disparate cervical cancer outcome is limited. In this review, we shed light on our current understanding and knowledge of racially disparate outcomes in cervical cancer.

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Caracterización clínica e histopatológica de la infección por Papiloma Virus humano de muestras de cérvix. Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo “IESS” // Histopathological and clinical characterization of Human Papilloma Virus infection in cervical samples. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo “IESS”

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol10iss23.2017pp105-111p ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

César Bedoya ◽

Sunny Sánchez Giler ◽

Dolores Zambrano ◽

Alan Herrera ◽

Alba Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Cervical Biopsy ◽

Para Determinar

El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV), posee una predilección por los tejidos poliestratificados, con persistencia en capas basales, de allí que a partir de ello es el agente etiológico del cáncer de cérvix, principalmente. Este tipo de cáncer es el segundo más frecuente en mujeres, alrededor del mundo. El HPV es único agente infeccioso oncogénico que lo provoca. Se realizó un trabajo para determinar la prevalencia del virus en mujeres, utilizando técnicas de detección de ADN mediante PCR, en tiempo real, a partir de biopsia de cérvix, además de establecer las características histopatológicas y clínicas relacionadas. La prevalencia fue del 30,67%, la presentación histopatológica más frecuentemente infectada fue el Cáncer de cérvix y el in situ. Mientras más displásica es la histopatología del cérvix, más frecuente es la presentación del virus. Se demostró una asociación entre la exposición a la infección y la presencia de secreción vaginal blanquecina y la dispareunia. ABSTRACT Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has a predilection for poly-stratified tissues, with persistence in the basal layers, hence mainly is the etiological agent of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. HPV is unique oncogenic infectious agent that causes it. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the virus in women, using DNA detection techniques through PCR, in real-time, from the cervical biopsy. In addition, the related histopathological and clinical characteristics were established. The prevalence was 30.67%, the most frequently infected histopathology presentation was cervical and in situ cancer. The more dysplastic the histopathology of the cervix, the more frequent the presentation of the virus. An association between exposure to infection and the presence of whitish vaginal discharge and dyspareunia was demonstrated.

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The correlation of visual inspection, Pap-smear and immunocytochemistry of human papilloma virus in detection of cervical cytology

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164653 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Anuradha Khemka ◽

Shubhada Jajoo

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Cytology ◽

World Health ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Hpv Dna

Background: Carcinogenicity presents as a major challenge to scientists and society.. Cervical cancer ranks fifth in the world and is the second cause of death in developing countries like India and China. The rate of death due to cervical cancer is greatest in India. At any time women are at risk of harboring HPV infection, which has been seen to cause cervical cancer. Clinical judgment should be used in spite of all high quality modalities available for screening and diagnosis, as initiated by WHO (World health organization) the Down Staging of cervical cancer, VIA, VILI, Pap smear introduced by George Papanicolaou in 1940s , HPV testing by Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and HPV DNA , Colposcopy , are other modalities to screen cervix. The study aims to evaluate the correlation between Pap smear, visual inspection and Immunocytochemistry of Human papilloma virus (HPV).Methods: All 100 consecutive women were subjected to visual inspection of cervix, Pap smear and immunocytochemistry of HPV. Pap smear was done by conventional method.Results: it was seen that out 100 consecutive cervico-vaginal, ears for Pap and Immunocytochemistry, only 33 were abnormal, 24 were ASCUS, 6 were LSIL, 2 were HSIL, 1 was SCC and 67 were NILM out of which 3 were reactive for ICC. And all 33 were reactive for ICC.Conclusions: The p16 immunostaining performed on conventional smears can become alternative or addition to l HPV DNA tests. The Bethesda System (TBS) 2001 for reporting cervical cytology diagnosis is of high value in detecting abnormal cervical cytology. It is further concluded that the ancillary screening for HPV in NILM category seems to be not advisable as percentage of detection of HPV in this category is low.

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Awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding human papilloma virus among female students at the University of Namibia

International Journal of Healthcare ◽

10.5430/ijh.v4n2p51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hans Justus Amukugo ◽

Blessing Rufaro Rungayi ◽

Abel Karera

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Female Students ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Skin Contact ◽

The University

Purpose: The high prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and its association with cervical cancer (as one of the leading causes of death in Namibia) makes it important to determine the level of understanding as well as beliefs of the public regarding HPV, especially that of young university female students. The purpose of the study was to determine awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HPV, among female students at the University of Namibia.Methods: A quantitative cross sectional research design was adopted using a convenient sample of 126 female students from the 534 females at the health sciences faculty, University of Namibia, Main Campus. Data was collected using a modified, adopted self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013.Results: The majority of participants were below 25 years (79.1%), single (91.7%) and nursing students (93.3%). HPV awareness was generally high with the majority aware of HPV infection (71%), cervical cancer (94.2%), genital warts (90%) and HPV vaccine (54.2%). Only 40% knew that HPV could be transmitted through skin to skin contact and only 9.2% knew that HPV was not associated with herpes. Attitude towards HPV was positive, 55% believed they were at risk of HPV and 82% were willing to receive the HPV vaccine. Practices regarding HPV were poor, 68% were sexually active, 40% reported using condoms sometimes, 7% never used condoms at all and 75% had never had a Pap smear test done.Conclusions: Level of awareness and knowledge of HPV, its related diseases and vaccines was moderate to high, attitude was generally positive whilst practice was poor among female students at the health sciences faculty, University of Namibia. Students need to be encouraged to engage in safe sexual practice to prevent and reduce risk of HPV infection.

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A study on awareness of cervical cancer and human papilloma virus vaccine among the women’s degree college students in Nandyal

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3370

Author(s):

Ganesam Krishna Kumari ◽

Mohammed Mushtaq Pasha ◽

Afasar Fatima

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽

Carcinoma Cervix ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Papilloma Virus

Background: In India cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in women after carcinoma breast. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the principal causative agent for cervical cancer. FDA approved 2 vaccines for primary prevention, and is available in India, but is not part of National Immunization Programme. Due to societal, religious and ethical issues associated with the vaccination of adolescent girls in India together with lack of awareness about HPV and HPV vaccines, no successful HPV immunization program has been employed in India. To study the awareness of Degree college students on cervical cancer and HPV vaccine.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at SPY REDDY Women’s Degree College, Nandyal from 16th December 2018 to 15th February 2019. The participants were 327 Degree students of first to final year. Students who were not present during the study were excluded from the study. The data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The data was analysed by using spss version 24 and the results expressed as proportions.Results: The mean age of participants was 19.53±1.26 years. 89% of the students were unmarried and 11% were married. 46.4% of the students were aware of cervical cancer. Poor genital hygiene (11.2%), smoking and alcohol (5.8%), multiple sex partners (4.3%), sex at an early age (3.4%), long term OCP usage (2.5%) were considered as risk factors for cervical cancer by the students. 18.4% of the students had knowledge about HPV virus. Among the students who knew about cervical cancer, 22.3% of the students responded as vaginal bleeding after menopause is a symptom of cervical cancer, 8.1% responded as bleeding during or after sex, 3.4% as pain during sex, 1.6% as severe low backache. Only 1% knows about Pap smear. Only 12% know about the vaccine. Only 4% correctly knew the vaccine eligibility. None of the students were HPV vaccinated.Conclusions: The level of awareness of students about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine is far below for effective vaccination and prevention of carcinoma cervix. More effective awareness programmes are needed to screen early for cervical cancer and vaccinate & prevent the high mortality from carcinoma cervix.

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