Segmentation and Three Dimensional Visualization of Mandible Using Active Contour and Visualization Toolkit in Craniofacial Computed Tomography Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Jithy Varghese ◽  
Tripty Singh ◽  
Venkatraman Bhat ◽  
Moni Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Facial Bone ◽  
Virtual Surgical Planning ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy

Three-dimensional representation of facial bone surface is needed in the virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery. Segmentation of facial bone surface from computed tomography images is first step in developing the 3D model. This paper focuses on segmentation of mandible bone using active contour segmentation of Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit library. The results are given as 3D stereo lithographic image. The result is compared with the ground truth image segmented by an expert radiologist. Various evaluation metrics are used for finding the segmentation accuracy and the result has given segmentation accuracy of 97.50%. Therefore, this method can be used as an initial step in automatic cephalometric land marking, an important task in virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery.

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on computed tomography images of the frontal sinus drainage pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Reitzen ◽  
E Y Wang ◽  
S R Butros ◽  
J Babb ◽  
R A Lebowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Sinus Drainage ◽  
Air Cells ◽  
Tomography Data

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the utility of three-dimensional reconstructions of paranasal sinus computed tomography data in depicting the anatomy of the frontal sinus drainage pathway.Methods:Twenty-nine patients underwent imaging of the sinuses for various clinical indications. Variations in frontal sinus recess anatomy were determined from 0.75-mm thick coronal, axial and sagittal computed tomography images. Three-dimensional, reformatted images were generated from manually segmented volumes of interest. Observations were made on the variation and usefulness of these reconstructions.Results:Three-dimensional, reformatted images of segmented volumes aided delineation of the spatial relationships of the frontal sinus, frontal sinus drainage pathway, infundibular and meatal direction of drainage, agger nasi cells, ethmoid bulla cells, supraorbital cells, and suprabullar cells.Conclusion:Three-dimensional, reformatted images of frontonasal anatomy enable improved understanding of the frontal sinus drainage pathway anatomy and of the spatial relationships between ethmoid air cells in this region. Such images may provide a useful adjunct to surgical planning and education.

Three-dimensional virtual surgical planning (3D-VSP) in orthognathic surgery: Advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls

2020 ◽  
pp. 146531252095487
Author(s):  
Chris D Donaldson ◽  
Mehmet Manisali ◽  
Farhad B Naini
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Virtual Surgical Planning ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Computer Aided

In this article, the advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls of three-dimensional virtual surgical planning (3D-VSP) compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) planning methods in orthognathic surgery are discussed, alongside a standardised protocol that can be utilised. A skeletal Class II, skeletal Class III and an anterior open bite clinical case along with their 3D-VSP management are presented, highlighting modifications that can be made to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) cutting guide and plate designs.

scholarly journals The Use of Virtual Surgical Planning in Total Facial Skeletal Reconstruction of Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Guo ◽  
Joseph Lopez ◽  
Robin Yang ◽  
Alexandra Macmillan ◽  
Amir H. Dorafshar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treacher Collins Syndrome ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Virtual Surgical Planning ◽  
Facial Harmony ◽  
Skeletal Reconstruction

Facial skeletal reconstruction of patients with severe Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) requires correction of both midface and mandibular deficiencies. Implementing virtual surgical planning can provide an accurate three-dimensional analysis of craniofacial abnormalities, creating calvarial donors that match the anatomy of the desired malar augmentation and facilitating bimaxillary movements, positioning, and fixation in orthognathic surgery. We present a case of an 18-year-old patient with TCS, who underwent staged zygomaticomaxillary reconstruction and double-jaw osteotomy with sliding genioplasty, using computer-assisted surgical planning. Following these operations, the patient achieved not only improved facial harmony but also class I occlusion.

scholarly journals Comparison of time and cost between conventional surgical planning and virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yeon Park ◽  
Dae-Seok Hwang ◽  
Jae-Min Song ◽  
Uk-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Virtual Surgical Planning ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Sagittal Split Osteotomy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to measure the time of the conventional surgical planning (CSP) and virtual surgical planning (VSP) in orthognathic surgery and to compare them in terms of cost. Material and method This is a retrospective study of the patients who underwent orthognathic surgery at the Pusan National University Dental Hospital from December 2017 to August 2018. All the patients were analyzed through both CSP and VSP, and all the surgical stents were fabricated through manual and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The predictor variables were the planning method (CSP vs. VSP) and the surgery type (group I: Le Fort I osteotomy + bilateral sagittal split osteotomy [LFI+BSSO] or group II: only bilateral sagittal split osteotomy [BSSO]), and the outcomes were the time and cost. The results were analyzed using the paired t test. Results Thirty patients (12 females, 18 males) met the inclusion criteria, and 17 patients were excluded from the study due to missing or incomplete data. There were 20 group I patients (LFI+BSSO regardless of genioplasty) and 10 group II patients (BSSO regardless of genioplasty). The average time of CSP for group I was 385 ± 7.8 min, and that for group II was 195 ± 8.33 min. The time reduction rate of VSP compared with CSP was 62.8% in group I and 41.5% in group II. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant cost reduction. Conclusions The time investment in VSP in this study was significantly smaller than that in CSP, and the difference was greater in group I than in group II.

scholarly journals Immersive 3D virtual reality imaging in planning minimally invasive and complex adult cardiac surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Amir H Sadeghi ◽  
Wouter Bakhuis ◽  
Frank Van Schaagen ◽  
Frans B S Oei ◽  
Jos A Bekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

Abstract Aims Increased complexity in cardiac surgery over the last decades necessitates more precise preoperative planning to minimize operating time, to limit the risk of complications during surgery and to aim for the best possible patient outcome. Novel, more realistic, and more immersive techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) could potentially contribute to the preoperative planning phase. This study shows our initial experience on the implementation of immersive VR technology as a complementary research-based imaging tool for preoperative planning in cardiothoracic surgery. In addition, essentials to set up and implement a VR platform are described. Methods Six patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between March 2020 and August 2020, were included, based on request by the surgeon and availability of computed tomography images. After 3D VR rendering and 3D segmentation of specific structures, the reconstruction was analysed via a head mount display. All participating surgeons (n = 5) filled out a questionnaire to evaluate the use of VR as preoperative planning tool for surgery. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that immersive 3D VR visualization of anatomy might be beneficial as a supplementary preoperative planning tool for cardiothoracic surgery, and further research on this topic may be considered to implement this innovative tool in daily clinical practice. Lay summary Over the past decades, surgery on the heart and vessels is becoming more and more complex, necessitating more precise and accurate preoperative planning. Nowadays, operative planning is feasible on flat, two-dimensional computer screens, however, requiring a lot of spatial and three-dimensional (3D) thinking of the surgeon. Since immersive 3D virtual reality (VR) is an upcoming imaging technique with promising results in other fields of surgery, we aimed in this study to explore the additional value of this technique in heart surgery. Our surgeons planned six different heart operations by visualizing computed tomography scans with a dedicated VR headset, enabling them to visualize the patient’s anatomy in an immersive and 3D environment. The outcomes of this preliminary study are positive, with a much more reality-like simulation for the surgeon. In such, VR could potentially be beneficial as a preoperative planning tool for complex heart surgery.

Total Wrist Arthroplasty Alignment and Its Potential Association with Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bardiya Akhbari ◽  
Kalpit N. Shah ◽  
Amy M. Morton ◽  
Janine Molino ◽  
Douglas C. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radial Component ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Total Wrist Arthroplasty ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Wrist Arthroplasty

Abstract Purpose There is a lack of quantitative research that describes the alignment and, more importantly, the effects of malalignment on total wrist arthroplasty (TWA). The main goal of this pilot study was to assess the alignment of TWA components in radiographic images and compare them with measures computed by three-dimensional analysis. Using these measures, we then determined if malalignment is associated with range of motion (ROM) or clinical outcomes (PRWHE, PROMIS, QuickDash, and grip strength). Methods Six osteoarthritic patients with a single type of TWA were recruited. Radiographic images, computed tomography images, and clinical outcomes of the wrists were recorded. Using posteroanterior and lateral radiographs, alignment measurements were defined for the radial and carpal components. Radiographic measurements were validated with models reconstructed from computed tomography images using Bland–Altman analysis. Biplanar videoradiography (<1mm and <1 degree accuracy) was used to capture and compute ROM of the TWA components. Linear regression assessed the associations between alignment and outcomes. Results Radiographic measures had a 95% limit-of-agreement (mean difference ±  1.96 × SD) of 3 degrees and 3mm with three-dimensional values, except for the measures of the carpal component in the lateral view. In our small cohort, wrist flexion–extension and radial–ulnar deviation were correlated with volar–dorsal tilt and volar–dorsal offset of the radial component and demonstrated a ROM increase of 3.7 and 1.6 degrees per degree increase in volar tilt, and 10.8 and 4.2 degrees per every millimeter increase in volar offset. The carpal component's higher volar tilt was also associated with improvements in patient-reported pain. Conclusions We determined metrics describing the alignment of TWA, and found the volar tilt and volar offset of the radial component could potentially influence the replaced wrist's ROM. Clinical Relevance TWA component alignment can be measured reliably in radiographs, and may be associated with clinical outcomes. Future studies must evaluate its role in a larger cohort.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional assessment of the anterior and inferior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve using computed tomography images in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Michael D. Han ◽  
Kug Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ki Huh ◽  
Kwang-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in configuration and dimensions of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry. Method Preoperative computed tomography images of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Subjects were classified into two groups as “Asymmetry group” and “Symmetry group”. The distance from the most anterior and most inferior points of the ALIAN (IANant and IANinf) to the vertical and horizontal reference planes were measured (dAnt and dInf). The distance from IANant and IANinf to the mental foramen were also calculated (dAnt_MF and dInf_MF). The length of the mandibular body and symphysis area were measured. All measurements were analyzed using 3D analysis software. Results There were 57 total eligible subjects. In the Asymmetry group, dAnt and dAnt_MF on the non-deviated side were significantly longer than the deviated side (p < 0.001). dInf_MF on the non-deviated side was also significantly longer than the deviated side (p = 0.001). Mandibular body length was significantly longer on the non-deviated side (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in length in the symphysis area (p = 0.623). In the Symmetry group, there was no difference between the left and right sides for all variables. Conclusion In asymmetric patients, there is a difference tendency in the ALIAN between the deviated and non-deviated sides. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, this should be considered during surgery in the anterior mandible.

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