Non-parametric test to describe response time and eye movement distributions in visual search

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new non-parametric test for equality of distributions. The test is based on the recently introduced measure of (niche) overlap and its rank-based estimator. As the estimator makes only one basic assumption on the underlying distribution, namely continuity, the test is universal applicable in contrast to many tests that are restricted to only specific scenarios. By construction, the new test is capable of detecting differences in location and scale. It thus complements the large class of rank-based tests that are constructed based on the non-parametric relative effect. In simulations this new test procedure obtained higher power and lower type I error compared to two common tests in several settings. The new procedure shows overall good performance. Together with its simplicity, this test can be used broadly.

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Express Saccades and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Function in Schizophrenic, Affective Disorder, and Normal Subjects

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.1993.5.3.303 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 303-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Anne B. Sereno ◽

Philip S. Holzman

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Smooth Pursuit ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Control Group ◽

Saccadic Response ◽

Group A ◽

Schizophrenic Group ◽

Movement Function ◽

Normal Controls

Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded in three groups of subjects: a schizophrenic group, a non-schizophrenic psychotic patient comparison group, and a normal control group. Schizophrenic subjects demonstrated a greater decrease in saccadic response time than did normal controls in a gap task (when the fixation point was turned off 150 msec before the target appeared). The psychiatric comparison subjects did not differ from normal controls. Further, only schizophrenic subjects demonstrated a relation between smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movement performance, such that subjects with impaired smooth pursuit showed a larger decrease in saccadic response time in the gap task. The relation between performance on the gap task and quality of smooth pursuit and its relevance for a prefrontal deficit hypothesis of schizophrenia are discussed.

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Non-Parametric Test Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the High School Teachers’ Work Load

International Journal of Business Administration ◽

10.5430/ijba.v9n5p33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Yasuo Ishii ◽

Daisuke Takeyasu ◽

Tatsuya Oyanagi ◽

Kazuhiro Takeyasu

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Teachers ◽

Social Worker ◽

Work Load ◽

School Teachers ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Parametric Test ◽

School Social Worker ◽

Miyagi Prefecture ◽

Non Parametric

High School teachers in Japan are sending very busy days on their daily works including teaching, support for the club activities and deskwork. Among them, they share a lot of time for managing the club actives of students compared with other countries. In that area, professionals can make instruction much better than teachers for the special sports like Judo and Kendo (Japanese fencing) etc. School Social Worker can coordinate the professionals out of school and can help teachers by decreasing their burden on that area. There are few related papers concerning the support of club activities by utilizing the professionals outside. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed to the five High Schools at Miyagi Prefecture in Japan in order to clarify their current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing school social worker for their support. Fundamental statistical analysis and Non-Parametric Test Analysis are performed. As for Q2”Consciousness for the daily works” and its related analysis, Null Hypotheses were rejected for 6 cases out of 60. As for Q3”Consciousness for guiding the club activities” and its related analysis, Null Hypotheses were rejected for 5 cases out of 48. Various cases should be investigated here after.

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Conscious and unconscious memory differentially impact attention: Eye movements, visual search, and recognition processes

10.31234/osf.io/p8qre ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Ramey ◽

Andrew P. Yonelinas ◽

John M. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Visual Information ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Conscious Recollection ◽

Memory Awareness ◽

Efficient Extraction ◽

Subjective Reports ◽

Unconscious Memory

A hotly debated question is whether memory influences attention through conscious or unconscious processes. To address this controversy, we measured eye movements while participants searched repeated real-world scenes for embedded targets, and we assessed memory for each scene using confidence-based methods to isolate different states of subjective memory awareness. We found that memory-informed eye movements during visual search were predicted both by conscious recollection, which led to a highly precise first eye movement toward the remembered location, and by unconscious memory, which increased search efficiency by gradually directing the eyes toward the target throughout the search trial. In contrast, these eye movement measures were not influenced by familiarity-based memory (i.e., changes in subjective reports of memory strength). The results indicate that conscious recollection and unconscious memory can each play distinct and complementary roles in guiding attention to facilitate efficient extraction of visual information.

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Avoiding potential pitfalls in visual search and eye-movement experiments: A tutorial review

Attention Perception & Psychophysics ◽

10.3758/s13414-021-02326-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hayward J. Godwin ◽

Michael C. Hout ◽

Katrín J. Alexdóttir ◽

Stephen C. Walenchok ◽

Anthony S. Barnhart

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Data Collection ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Movement Behavior ◽

Popular Approach ◽

Research Cycle ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Potential Problems ◽

The Moment ◽

The Right

AbstractExamining eye-movement behavior during visual search is an increasingly popular approach for gaining insights into the moment-to-moment processing that takes place when we look for targets in our environment. In this tutorial review, we describe a set of pitfalls and considerations that are important for researchers – both experienced and new to the field – when engaging in eye-movement and visual search experiments. We walk the reader through the research cycle of a visual search and eye-movement experiment, from choosing the right predictions, through to data collection, reporting of methodology, analytic approaches, the different dependent variables to analyze, and drawing conclusions from patterns of results. Overall, our hope is that this review can serve as a guide, a talking point, a reflection on the practices and potential problems with the current literature on this topic, and ultimately a first step towards standardizing research practices in the field.

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