Comparative Analysis of Anal Colposcopy with Histology in the Follow-Up of Patients under Treatment for Anal Condyloma

Objectives To compare morphological abnormalities on anal colposcopy against histology to determine anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Methods This is a retrospective data assessment of HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients undergoing outpatient follow-up. The sample comprised 54 patients presenting acetowhite lesions on anal colposcopy. Acetowhite lesions were classified according to their morphology into punctation, verrucous, mosaic, ulcerated, or hypervascularized, and biopsies of these specimens were classified as anal HSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or normal. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, the Fisher exact test and the chi-squared parametric test. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used and a level of significance < 5% was adopted for all statistical tests. Results Fifty-four patients (50 males, 80% HIV + ) with biopsied acetowhite lesions were assessed. There were 31 punctation lesions, 1 classified as HSIL (3.2%; 95%CI: 0–40.0), 17 verrucous lesions, 3 HSIL (17.7%; 95%CI: 0–10.7), and 1 ulcerated, classified as HSIL (100%), and 4 mosaic and 1 atypical vessel lesion, all classified as LSIL. The results showed no association of presence of anal HSIL with positivity for HIV infection or with counts above or below 500/µl in HIV+ patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, the Fisher exact test, and the chi-squared parametric test. Conclusion The comparison of morphological findings on anal colposcopy against histology revealed no morphological pattern suggesting anal HSIL.

Assessment of Degree of Conversion and Knoop Microhardness of Different Resin Cementing Agents

Background: There are still controversies in the literature as to which is the best resinous cementing agent. Due to this fact and the immense availability of types and brands of cementing agents, further studies are needed to evaluate the properties of these important dental materials. Objective: To assess the degree of monomer conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of four resin cements: two conventional dual-cured resin cements (EnForce and RelyXARC); one self-etching cement (RelyXU100); and one chemically-activated cement (Cement-Post). Methods: 20 Pieces were made to assess KHN, and 20 to assess DC (n = 5). The DC was analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and KHN of the base and the top of the pieces were assessed using the Future-Tech microhardness tester. The data of KHN were statistically analyzed by two-factor ANOVA, and data related to DC were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The analysis of the correlation between KHN and DC of the cementing agents was performed by linear regression. Results: Dual-cured cements exhibited lower average KHN values at the base than at the top of the pieces (p <0.05). The self-etching cement had a significantly higher average KHN value than the other assessed cements (p <0.05). The DC of the dual-cured cement did not differ (p >0.05). The chemically-activated cement exhibited the lowest averages of KHN and DC values (p <0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated a strong correlation between DC and KNH (p = 0.043; R2 = 0.96); however, a specific hardness value could not be correlated to a specific DC value. Conclusion: Preferably, dual-cured resin cements (conventional or self-etching) should be used. Chemically-activated resin cements should be avoided due to their lower averages of DC and KHN values.

The Effect of Elections on Capital Expenditure and Social Assistance Expenditure

The purpose of this study is to determine differences in the allocation of capital expenditure and social assistance expenditure before and during the local elections. This study uses Wilcoxon test as non parametric test. The results show that the proportion of capital expenditure and social assistance expenditure at the time of the election is not greater than the proportion of capital expenditure and social assistance expenditure at the prior to the election. But, there is not difference the proportion of capital expenditure at the time of the election is as well as at the prior to the election.

Students Motivation and Understanding of Football Using Android Media

In this pandemic period, a teacher must use effective media in the learning process to increase student understanding and motivation. This study aimed to see differences in student motivation and understanding in learning football material before and after using android media. This research is quantitative research with a pre and post-test design group. The population in this study was the eighth class of VIII SMPN 1 Cimahi, Cimahi Regency, the academic year 2020-2021 in August. The sample in this study was in the eighth class of SMPN 1 Cimahi. Statistical analysis used a parametric test if it fulfilled the classical assumptions. The results showed increased student motivation and understanding of football material before and after implementing learning using Android media. Through these results, the teacher can use Android to learn, especially during a pandemic like now.

A Comparative Study of Non-performing Assets Using Non-parametric Test: Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks

Galloping levels of impaired assets slowly destroy the economy by throwing it into a major financial crisis. The current article studies recent trends and compositions of stressed assets among 45 selected Indian commercial banks. The non-parametric test (Kruskal–Wallis) is applied to know whether there exists any difference in the movement of gross non-performing assets ratios and net non-performing assets ratios (NNPAs) among bank groups and individual banks. The group-wise comparative study shows that a significant difference exists in the movement of NNPA ratio only between foreign banks and public sector banks and between private banks and public sector banks. Significant differences also exist among the individual banks in foreign and private bank groups. The Games–Howell post-hoc test finds that some pairs of banks have significant differences. The current financial downswing attributed to pandemic has increased the chances of fraudulency and sporadic default events and enhanced the problem of bad loans. Amalgamations of State Bank of India with its associates in 2017 and Bank of Baroda with Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank in 2019 have shown falls in stressed assets that possibly foreshow the future furtherance in asset quality of other four anchor banks that are merged with six banks, with effect from April 2020. JEL Codes: G21, G34

Strategic educational management and teaching performance in remote education

The study was intended to know the current relationship between strategic educational management and the performance of primary and secondary teachers in the district of San Martín de Porres, UGEL 2. A basic and correlal investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach. The sampling was not probabilistic for convenience. The technique chosen was the survey and the instruments, two questionnaires that showed validity of content through expert judgment, who was able to apply. Reliability was obtained from α 0.969 for strategic educational management and α 0.919 for teaching performance. The Google form was used, which was sent via a link to teachers who voluntarily responded to the reagents; the application initiated informed consent. A database was generated for the l-inference analysis; this database was performed with Spearman's Rho non-parametric test. A Rho: 0.890 was obtained, indicating a highly significant correlation between strategic educational management and teaching performance and the educational institutions studied. These results show similarity to other findings in similar studies.