Distinctive waves of innate immune response in the retina in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as a key orchestrator of immune response and homeostasis, deregulation of which may lead to autoimmunity such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein we show that the phosphatase PP2Cδ played a pivotal role in regulating DC activation and function, as PP2Cδ ablation caused aberrant maturation, activation, and Th1/Th17-priming of DCs, and hence induced onset of exacerbated EAE. Mechanistically, PP2Cδ restrained the expression of the essential subunit of mTORC2, Rictor, primarily through de-phosphorylating and proteasomal degradation of the methyltransferase NSD2 via CRL4DCAF2 E3 ligase. Loss of PP2Cδ in DCs accordingly sustained activation of the Rictor/mTORC2 pathway and boosted glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. Consequently, ATP-citrate lyse (ACLY) was increasingly activated and catalyzed acetyl-CoA for expression of the genes compatible with hyperactivated DCs under PP2Cδ deletion. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PP2Cδ has an essential role in controlling DCs activation and function, which is critical for prevention of autoimmunity.

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Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79102-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva ◽

Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura ◽

Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira ◽

Juliana Helena dos Santos Toledo ◽

Patrícia Aparecida Borim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Complementary Medicines ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical and cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy is based on disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted and evidence indicates that yeast supplements can improve symptoms mainly by modulating the immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its selenized derivative (Selemax) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice submitted to EAE induction were orally supplemented with these yeasts by gavage from day 0 to day 14 after EAE induction. Both supplements determined significant reduction in clinical signs concomitantly with diminished Th1 immune response in CNS, increased proportion of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased microbiota diversity. However, Selemax was more effective clinically and immunologically; it reduced disease prevalence more sharply, increased the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells expressing high levels of PD-L1 in mesenteric lymph nodes and reduced the intestinal inflammatory process more strongly than S. cerevisiae. These results suggest a clear gut-brain axis modulation by selenized S. cerevisiae and suggest their inclusion in clinical trials.

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Neuronal antigens modulate the immune response associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Immunology and Cell Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01200.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alicia L Degano ◽

Yanina Ditamo ◽

German A Roth

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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The Innate Immune Receptor CD14 Mediates Lymphocyte Migration in EAE

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000430351 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ramona Halmer ◽

Laura Davies ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Klaus Fassbender ◽

Silke Walter

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

T Cell ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Immune Receptors ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Background: Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in young adults and histopathologically characterized by inflammation, demyelination and gliosis. It is considered as a CD4+ T cell-mediated disease, but also a disease-promoting role of the innate immune system has been proposed, based e.g. on the observation that innate immune receptors modulate disease severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Recent studies of our group provided first evidence for a key role of the innate immune LPS receptor (CD14) in pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CD14-deficient experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice showed increased clinical symptoms and enhanced infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils in brain and spinal cord. Methods: In the current study, we further investigated the causes of the disease aggravation by CD14-deficiency and examined T cell activation, also focusing on the costimulatory molecules CTLA-4 and CD28, and T cell migration capacity over the blood brain barrier by FACS analysis, in vitro adhesion and transmigration assays. Results: In the results, we observed a significantly increased migration of CD14-deficient lymphocytes across an endothelial monolayer. In contrast, we did not see any differences in expression levels of TCR/CTLA-4 or TCR/CD28 and lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells from CD14-deficient compared to wildtype mice. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an important role of CD14 in migration of lymphocytes, and strengthen the importance of innate immune receptors in adaptive immune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.

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