Workshop on Instrumental and Methodical Problems of Land Surface Flux Measurements

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Foken ◽  
Steven Oncley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
The State ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Atmospheric Physics ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Flux Measurements

This report summarizes presentations and discussions that occurred at a workshop held in conjunction with the XIXth General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society (EGS) from 22 to 24 April 1994. The purpose of this workshop was to define the state of the art of micrometeorological flux measurements, to identify problem areas, and to define any additional data that must be taken to solve these problems. This workshop was organized in response to a proposal made at the 1993 EGS conference by T. Foken, T. Delany (National Center for Atmospheric Research), S. Oncley, and L. Tsvang (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russia) for a new experiment to investigate the problem of the “unclosed” energy balance. Sixty-one scientists from 14 countries participated in the workshop.

scholarly journals Measured and Estimated Water Vapor Advection in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W. Higgins ◽  
Eric Pardyjak ◽  
Martin Froidevaux ◽  
Valentin Simeonov ◽  
Marc B. Parlange
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Surface Transition ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The flux of water vapor due to advection is measured using high-resolution Raman lidar that was orientated horizontally across a land–lake transition. At the same time, a full surface energy balance is performed to assess the impact of scalar advection on energy budget closure. The flux of water vapor due to advection is then estimated with analytical solutions to the humidity transport equation that show excellent agreement with the field measurements. Although the magnitude of the advection was not sufficient to account for the total energy deficit for this field site, the analytical approach is used to explore situations where advection would be the dominant transport mechanism. The authors find that advection is at maximum when the measurement height is 0.036 times the distance to a land surface transition. The framework proposed in this paper can be used to predict the potential impact of advection on surface flux measurements prior to field deployment and can be used as a data analysis algorithm to calculate the flux of water vapor due to advection from field measurements.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Remote Sensing Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Juan M. Sánchez ◽  
César Coll ◽  
Raquel Niclòs
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Tir Domain ◽  
Remote Sensing Monitoring

The combination of the state-of-the-art in the thermal infrared (TIR) domain [...]

scholarly journals Emissions of methane in Europe inferred by total column measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Wunch ◽  
Geoffrey C. Toon ◽  
Nicholas M. Deutscher ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Justus Notholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
The State ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Using five long-running ground-based atmospheric observatories in Europe, we demonstrate the utility of long-term, stationary, ground-based measurements of atmospheric total columns for verifying annual methane emission inventories. Our results indicate that the methane emissions for the region in Europe between Orleans, Bremen, Bialystok, and Garmisch are overestimated by the state-of-the-art inventories Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v4.2 FT2010 and TNO-MACC_III, possibly due to the disaggregation of emissions onto a grid. Uncertainties in the carbon monoxide inventories used to compute the methane emissions may contribute to the discrepancy between our inferred emissions and those from the inventories.

scholarly journals A Review of Protocols for Fiducial Reference Measurements of Downwelling Irradiance for the Validation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data over Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Ruddick ◽  
Kenneth Voss ◽  
Andrew C. Banks ◽  
Emmanuel Boss ◽  
Alexandre Castagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
The State ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Downwelling Irradiance

This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for the measurement of downwelling irradiance in the context of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. The measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the latter, there are four generic families of method, using: (1) an above-water upward-pointing irradiance sensor; (2) an above-water downward-pointing radiance sensor and a reflective plaque; (3) a Sun-pointing radiance sensor (sunphotometer); or (4) an underwater upward-pointing irradiance sensor deployed at different depths. Each method—except for the fourth, which is considered obsolete for the measurement of above-water downwelling irradiance—is described generically in the FRM context with reference to the measurement equation, documented implementations, and the intra-method diversity of deployment platform and practice. Ideal measurement conditions are stated, practical recommendations are provided on best practice, and guidelines for estimating the measurement uncertainty are provided for each protocol-related component of the measurement uncertainty budget. The state of the art for the measurement of downwelling irradiance is summarized, future perspectives are outlined, and key debates such as the use of reflectance plaques with calibrated or uncalibrated radiometers are presented. This review is based on the practice and studies of the aquatic optics community and the validation of water reflectance, but is also relevant to land radiation monitoring and the validation of satellite-derived land surface reflectance.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Hypothesis-Evidence Coordination: The State of the Art

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Amsel
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State

The State of the Art

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 479-480
Author(s):  
LEWIS PETRINOVICH
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State

Needs Assessment: The State of the Art

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
Anthony R. D'Augelli
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State
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