A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bunya ◽  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
B. A. Ebersole ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Abstract A coupled system of wind, wind wave, and coastal circulation models has been implemented for southern Louisiana and Mississippi to simulate riverine flows, tides, wind waves, and hurricane storm surge in the region. The system combines the NOAA Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*WIND) and the Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) kinematic wind analyses, the Wave Model (WAM) offshore and Steady-State Irregular Wave (STWAVE) nearshore wind wave models, and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) basin to channel-scale unstructured grid circulation model. The system emphasizes a high-resolution (down to 50 m) representation of the geometry, bathymetry, and topography; nonlinear coupling of all processes including wind wave radiation stress-induced set up; and objective specification of frictional parameters based on land-cover databases and commonly used parameters. Riverine flows and tides are validated for no storm conditions, while winds, wind waves, hydrographs, and high water marks are validated for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part II: Synoptic Description and Analysis of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
S. Bunya ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
B. A. Ebersole ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Hurricanes Katrina And Rita ◽  
Wave Radiation Stress ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Abstract Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were powerful storms that impacted southern Louisiana and Mississippi during the 2005 hurricane season. In Part I, the authors describe and validate a high-resolution coupled riverine flow, tide, wind, wave, and storm surge model for this region. Herein, the model is used to examine the evolution of these hurricanes in more detail. Synoptic histories show how storm tracks, winds, and waves interacted with the topography, the protruding Mississippi River delta, east–west shorelines, manmade structures, and low-lying marshes to develop and propagate storm surge. Perturbations of the model, in which the waves are not included, show the proportional importance of the wave radiation stress gradient induced setup.

scholarly journals Hurricane Gustav (2008) Waves and Storm Surge: Hindcast, Synoptic Analysis, and Validation in Southern Louisiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 2488-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
A. B. Kennedy ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
R. E. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Unstructured Mesh ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Southern Louisiana

AbstractHurricane Gustav (2008) made landfall in southern Louisiana on 1 September 2008 with its eye never closer than 75 km to New Orleans, but its waves and storm surge threatened to flood the city. Easterly tropical-storm-strength winds impacted the region east of the Mississippi River for 12–15 h, allowing for early surge to develop up to 3.5 m there and enter the river and the city’s navigation canals. During landfall, winds shifted from easterly to southerly, resulting in late surge development and propagation over more than 70 km of marshes on the river’s west bank, over more than 40 km of Caernarvon marsh on the east bank, and into Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Wind waves with estimated significant heights of 15 m developed in the deep Gulf of Mexico but were reduced in size once they reached the continental shelf. The barrier islands further dissipated the waves, and locally generated seas existed behind these effective breaking zones.The hardening and innovative deployment of gauges since Hurricane Katrina (2005) resulted in a wealth of measured data for Gustav. A total of 39 wind wave time histories, 362 water level time histories, and 82 high water marks were available to describe the event. Computational models—including a structured-mesh deepwater wave model (WAM) and a nearshore steady-state wave (STWAVE) model, as well as an unstructured-mesh “simulating waves nearshore” (SWAN) wave model and an advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model—resolve the region with unprecedented levels of detail, with an unstructured mesh spacing of 100–200 m in the wave-breaking zones and 20–50 m in the small-scale channels. Data-assimilated winds were applied using NOAA’s Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) and Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) procedures. Wave and surge computations from these models are validated comprehensively at the measurement locations ranging from the deep Gulf of Mexico and along the coast to the rivers and floodplains of southern Louisiana and are described and quantified within the context of the evolution of the storm.

scholarly journals Results of calculation of wave-wind water dynamics at the Tiligul Estuary

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
O. I. Sakhnenko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Spatial Fields ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Deep Water Part ◽  
Different Parts

Features of spatial distribution of the main parameters of wind waves, such as height, average orbital velocities of wave motions determining transportation of bottom material were specified. Maximum heights of significant waves were obtained in the central, most deep-water part of the estuary, as well as in the southern part and near the windward shores. At the time of storm winds maximum heights of significant waves, according to the simulation results, constitute up to 0,83 m. On the basis of calculations of wind waves with application of the SWAN numerical model (Simulating Waves Nearshore) made using wind observations during 2012, regime functions of wind waves’ heights for different parts of the estuary were built. Statistical estimates of wind waves’ heights at typical points of the estuary waters were analyzed. Spatial fields of wind-wave flows in the estuary under the influence of steady winds of the southern and western directions calculated using the complex of numerical mathematical models of wind wave generation and models of wind-wave water circulation based on Reynolds equations and supplemented with com-ponents of the wave radiation stresses were specified.

scholarly journals Ocean Circulation Model Applications for the Estuary-Coastal-Open Sea Continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Murawski ◽  
Jun She ◽  
Christian Mohn ◽  
Vilnis Frishfelds ◽  
Jacob Woge Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Coastal Estuary ◽  
High Computational Efficiency

Coastal zones are among the most variable environments. As such, they require adaptive water management to ensure the balance of economic and social interests with environmental concerns. High quality marine data of hydrographic conditions e.g., sea level, temperature, salinity, and currents are needed to provide a sound foundation for the decision making process. Operational models with sufficiently high forecasting quality and resolution can be used for a further extension of the marine service toward the coastal-estuary areas. The Limfjord is a large and shallow water body in Northern Jutland, connecting the North Sea in the West and the Kattegat in the East. It is currently not covered by the CMEMS service, despite its importance for sea shipping, aquaculture and mussel fisheries. In this study, we use the operational HIROMB-BOOS Model (HBM) to resolve the full Baltic-Limfjord-North Sea system with a horizontal resolution of 185.2 m in the Limfjord. The study shows several factors that are essential for successfully modeling the coastal-estuary system: (a) high computational efficiency and flexible grids to allow high resolution in the fjord, (b) an improved short wave radiation scheme to model the thermodynamics and the diurnal variability of the temperature in very shallow waters, (c) high resolution atmospheric forcing, (d) adequate river forcing, and (e) accurate bathymetry in the narrow straits. With properly resolving these issues, the system is able to provide high quality sea level forecast for storm surge warning and hydrography forecasts: temperature, salinity and currents with sufficiently good quality for ecosystem-based management. The model is able to simulate the complex spatial and temporal pattern of sea level, salinity and temperature in the Limfjord and to reproduce their diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability and stratification rather well. Its high computational efficiency makes it possible to model the transition from the basin-scales to coastal- and estuary-scales seamlessly. In total, The HBM model has been successfully extended, to include the complex estuary system of the Limfjord, and shows an adequate model performance with regards to sea level, salinity and temperature predictions, suitable for storm surge warning applications and coastal management applications.

Application of an artificial neural network to generate wave projections at southern African coasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Soltau ◽  
Matthias Hirt ◽  
Jessica Kelln ◽  
Sara Santamaria-Aguilar ◽  
Sönke Dangendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Agulhas Current ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Artificial Neural

<p>In the past decades, severe so called ‚compound events‘ led to critical high water levels at the coasts of southern Africa and as a consequence to property damage and loss of human life. The co-occurrence of storm surges, wind waves, heavy precipitation and resulting runoff increases the risk of coastal flooding and exacerbates the impacts along the vulnerable southern African coasts (e.g. Couasnon et al. 2019). To mitigate these high-impacts, it is essential to understand the underlying processes and driving factors (Wahl et al. 2015). As compound flooding events at southern African coasts are dominated by wind waves, it is of great importance to investigate the regional wave climate to understand the wave forcing as well as the origin of the wave energy.</p><p>Wind waves around southern African coasts are affected by the complex interactions between the Agulhas current and the atmosphere. In the research project CASISAC* we analyse the present evolution of the Agulhas Current system and quantify its impact on the future regional wave climate. Ocean waves contributing to high sea levels can be generated offshore resulting in swell or closer to the coasts by strong onshore winds. To identify responsible atmospheric pressure fields that force high wind wave events we apply a hybrid approach: (1) linking south hemispheric pressure fields with offshore wave data using an artificial neural network and (2) determine the prevailing nearshore wave conditions by regional numerical wave propagation models (SWAN). By validating the modelled nearshore wave data from hindcast runs with wave buoy records, this approach allows us to predict future extreme wind wave events and thus potential flooding. In a next step, extreme value analysis is used to determine future return periods of extreme wave events. These results can contribute to the development of more reliable adaptive protection strategies for southern African coast.</p><p>*CASISAC (Changes in the Agulhas System and its Impact on Southern African Coasts: Sea level and coastal extremes) is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the project management of Projektträger Jülich PTJ under the grant number 03F0796C</p><p> </p><p>Couasnon, Eilander, Muis, Veldkamp, Haigh, Wahl, Winsemius, Ward (2019): Measuring compound flood potential from river discharge and storm surge extremes at the global scale and its implications for flood hazard. In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Discussion Paper, S. 1–24. DOI: 10.5194/nhess-2019-205, in review.<br>Wahl, Jain, Bender, Meyers, Luther (2015): Increasing risk of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall for major US cities. In: Nature Climate Change 5 (12), S. 1093–1097. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2736.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of a Mesoscale Model and Atmospheric Global Circulation Model for Air Quality Simulation: A Multiscale, Multisite Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goswami ◽  
J. Baruah
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Large City ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Global Circulation Model ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Meso Scale

Concentrations of atmospheric pollutants are strongly influenced by meteorological parameters like rainfall, relative humidity and wind advection. Thus accurate specifications of the meteorological fields, and their effects on pollutants, are critical requirements for successful modelling of air pollution. In terms of their applications, pollutant concentration models can be used in different ways; in one, short term high resolution forecasts are generated to predict and manage urban pollution. Another application of dynamical pollution models is to generate outlook for a given airbasin, such as over a large city. An important question is application-specific model configuration for the meteorological simulations. While a meso-scale model provides a high-resolution configuration, a global model allows better simulation of large-sale fields through its global environment. Our objective is to comparatively evaluate a meso-scale atmospheric model (MM5) and atmospheric global circulation model (AGCM) in simulating different species of pollutants over different airbasins. In this study we consider four locations: ITO (Central Delhi), Sirifort (South Delhi), Bandra (Mumbai) and Karve Road (Pune). The results show that both the model configurations provide comparable skills in simulation of monthly and annual loads, although the skill of the meso-scale model is somewhat higher, especially at shorter time scales.

scholarly journals Effect of AMOC collapse on ENSO in a high resolution general circulation model

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2537-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Williamson ◽  
Mat Collins ◽  
Sybren S. Drijfhout ◽  
Ron Kahana ◽  
Jennifer V. Mecking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
General Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model

scholarly journals A Basin- to Channel-Scale Unstructured Grid Hurricane Storm Surge Model Applied to Southern Louisiana

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joannes J. Westerink ◽  
Richard A. Luettich ◽  
Jesse C. Feyen ◽  
John H. Atkinson ◽  
Clint Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Unstructured Grid ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Skill Assessment ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Hurricane Wind ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Abstract Southern Louisiana is characterized by low-lying topography and an extensive network of sounds, bays, marshes, lakes, rivers, and inlets that permit widespread inundation during hurricanes. A basin- to channel-scale implementation of the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) unstructured grid hydrodynamic model has been developed that accurately simulates hurricane storm surge, tides, and river flow in this complex region. This is accomplished by defining a domain and computational resolution appropriate for the relevant processes, specifying realistic boundary conditions, and implementing accurate, robust, and highly parallel unstructured grid numerical algorithms. The model domain incorporates the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea so that interactions between basins and the shelf are explicitly modeled and the boundary condition specification of tidal and hurricane processes can be readily defined at the deep water open boundary. The unstructured grid enables highly refined resolution of the complex overland region for modeling localized scales of flow while minimizing computational cost. Kinematic data assimilative or validated dynamic-modeled wind fields provide the hurricane wind and pressure field forcing. Wind fields are modified to incorporate directional boundary layer changes due to overland increases in surface roughness, reduction in effective land roughness due to inundation, and sheltering due to forested canopies. Validation of the model is achieved through hindcasts of Hurricanes Betsy and Andrew. A model skill assessment indicates that the computed peak storm surge height has a mean absolute error of 0.30 m.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document