scholarly journals Ocean Circulation Model Applications for the Estuary-Coastal-Open Sea Continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Murawski ◽  
Jun She ◽  
Christian Mohn ◽  
Vilnis Frishfelds ◽  
Jacob Woge Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Coastal Estuary ◽  
High Computational Efficiency

Coastal zones are among the most variable environments. As such, they require adaptive water management to ensure the balance of economic and social interests with environmental concerns. High quality marine data of hydrographic conditions e.g., sea level, temperature, salinity, and currents are needed to provide a sound foundation for the decision making process. Operational models with sufficiently high forecasting quality and resolution can be used for a further extension of the marine service toward the coastal-estuary areas. The Limfjord is a large and shallow water body in Northern Jutland, connecting the North Sea in the West and the Kattegat in the East. It is currently not covered by the CMEMS service, despite its importance for sea shipping, aquaculture and mussel fisheries. In this study, we use the operational HIROMB-BOOS Model (HBM) to resolve the full Baltic-Limfjord-North Sea system with a horizontal resolution of 185.2 m in the Limfjord. The study shows several factors that are essential for successfully modeling the coastal-estuary system: (a) high computational efficiency and flexible grids to allow high resolution in the fjord, (b) an improved short wave radiation scheme to model the thermodynamics and the diurnal variability of the temperature in very shallow waters, (c) high resolution atmospheric forcing, (d) adequate river forcing, and (e) accurate bathymetry in the narrow straits. With properly resolving these issues, the system is able to provide high quality sea level forecast for storm surge warning and hydrography forecasts: temperature, salinity and currents with sufficiently good quality for ecosystem-based management. The model is able to simulate the complex spatial and temporal pattern of sea level, salinity and temperature in the Limfjord and to reproduce their diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability and stratification rather well. Its high computational efficiency makes it possible to model the transition from the basin-scales to coastal- and estuary-scales seamlessly. In total, The HBM model has been successfully extended, to include the complex estuary system of the Limfjord, and shows an adequate model performance with regards to sea level, salinity and temperature predictions, suitable for storm surge warning applications and coastal management applications.

scholarly journals Storm Surge Inundation Analysis with Consideration of Building Shape and Layout at Ise Bay by Maximum Potential Typhoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Masaki Nimura ◽  
Shuzo Nishida ◽  
Koji Kawasaki ◽  
Tomokazu Murakami ◽  
Shinya Shimokawa
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Ise Bay ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Tide Level

Global warming is feared to cause sea-level rise and intensification of typhoons, and these changes will lead to an increase in storm surge levels. For that reason, it is essential to predict the inundation areas for the maximum potential typhoon and evaluate the disaster mitigation effect of seawalls. In this study, we analyzed storm surge inundation of the inner part of Ise Bay (coast of Aichi and Mie Prefecture, Japan) due to the maximum potential typhoon in the future climate with global warming. In the analysis, a high-resolution topographical model was constructed considering buildings’ shape and arrangement and investigated the inundation process inside the seawall in detail. The results showed that buildings strongly influence the storm surge inundation process inside the seawall, and a high-velocity current is generated in some areas. It is also found that closing the seawall door delays the inundation inside the seawall, but the evacuation after inundation is more difficult under the seawall doors closed condition than opened condition when the high tide level exceeds the seawall.

A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bunya ◽  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
B. A. Ebersole ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Abstract A coupled system of wind, wind wave, and coastal circulation models has been implemented for southern Louisiana and Mississippi to simulate riverine flows, tides, wind waves, and hurricane storm surge in the region. The system combines the NOAA Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*WIND) and the Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) kinematic wind analyses, the Wave Model (WAM) offshore and Steady-State Irregular Wave (STWAVE) nearshore wind wave models, and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) basin to channel-scale unstructured grid circulation model. The system emphasizes a high-resolution (down to 50 m) representation of the geometry, bathymetry, and topography; nonlinear coupling of all processes including wind wave radiation stress-induced set up; and objective specification of frictional parameters based on land-cover databases and commonly used parameters. Riverine flows and tides are validated for no storm conditions, while winds, wind waves, hydrographs, and high water marks are validated for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part II: Synoptic Description and Analysis of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
S. Bunya ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
B. A. Ebersole ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Hurricanes Katrina And Rita ◽  
Wave Radiation Stress ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Abstract Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were powerful storms that impacted southern Louisiana and Mississippi during the 2005 hurricane season. In Part I, the authors describe and validate a high-resolution coupled riverine flow, tide, wind, wave, and storm surge model for this region. Herein, the model is used to examine the evolution of these hurricanes in more detail. Synoptic histories show how storm tracks, winds, and waves interacted with the topography, the protruding Mississippi River delta, east–west shorelines, manmade structures, and low-lying marshes to develop and propagate storm surge. Perturbations of the model, in which the waves are not included, show the proportional importance of the wave radiation stress gradient induced setup.

scholarly journals Future storm surge impacts on insurable losses for the North Sea region

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gaslikova ◽  
A. Schwerzmann ◽  
C. C. Raible ◽  
T. F. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. The influence of climate change on storm surges including increased mean sea level change and the associated insurable losses are assessed for the North Sea basin. In doing so, the newly developed approach couples a dynamical storm surge model with a loss model. The key element of the approach is the generation of a probabilistic storm surge event set. Together with parametrizations of the inland propagation and the coastal protection failure probability this enables the estimation of annual expected losses. The sensitivity to the parametrizations is rather weak except when the assumption of high level of increased mean sea level change is made. Applying this approach to future scenarios shows a substantial increase of insurable losses with respect to the present day. Superimposing different mean sea level changes shows a nonlinear behavior at the country level, as the future storm surge changes are higher for Germany and Denmark. Thus, the study exhibits the necessity to assess the socio-economic impacts of coastal floods by combining the expected sea level rise with storm surge projections.

Lower Cretaceous of the southern North Sea Basins: reservoir distribution within a sequence stratigraphic framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Jeremiah ◽  
S. Duxbury ◽  
P. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Rhenish Massif ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
First Time

AbstractFacies belts exhibit a back-stepping trend towards the London Brabant/ Rhenish Massif through the Early Cretaceous. The overall eustatic sea-level rise was punctuated by short-term tectonic events identified either as localised or North Sea wide in extent. The biostratigraphically constrained sequences have, for the first time, allowed a detailed calibration of tectonic and eustatic events on a North Sea scale. The most extensive database available to any North Sea Cretaceous study was available to the authors together with a comprehensive suite of new high-resolution biostratigraphy and sedimentology. This has allowed unique insights into provenance, depositional environment, extent of sequence stratigraphical events and the degree to which unconformities have been tectonically accentuated.

scholarly journals High resolution climate projection of storm surge at the Venetian coast

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mel ◽  
A. Sterl ◽  
P. Lionello
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Level Pressure

Abstract. Climate change impact on storm surge regime is of great importance for the safety and maintenance of Venice. In this study a future storm surge scenario is evaluated using new high resolution sea level pressure and wind data recently produced by EC-Earth, an Earth System Model based on the operational seasonal forecast system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The study considers an ensemble of six 5 yr long simulations of the rcp45 scenario at 0.25° resolution and compares the 2094–2098 to the 2004–2008 period. EC-Earth sea level pressure and surface wind fields are used as input for a shallow water hydrodynamic model (HYPSE) which computes sea level and barotropic currents in the Adriatic Sea. Results show that a high resolution climate model is needed for producing realistic values of storm surge statistics and confirm previous studies in that they show little sensitivity of storm surge levels to climate change. However, some climate change signals are detected, such as increased persistence of high pressure conditions, an increased frequency of windless hour, and a decreased number of moderate windstorms.

scholarly journals Storm surge in the Adriatic Sea: observational and numerical diagnosis of an extreme event

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zampato ◽  
G. Umgiesser ◽  
S. Zecchetto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Northern Adriatic

Abstract. Storm surge events occur in the Adriatic Sea, in particular during autumn and winter, often producing flooding in Venice. Sea levels are forecasted by numerical models, which require wind and pressure fields as input. Their performances depend crucially on the quality of those fields. The storm surge event on 16 November 2002 is analysed and simulated through a finite element hydrodynamic model of the Mediterranean Sea. Several runs were carried out, imposing different atmospheric forcings: wind fields from ECMWF analysis, high resolution winds from the limited area model LAMI and satellite observed winds from QuikSCAT (NASA). The performance of the hydrodynamic model in each case has been quantified. ECMWF fields are effective in reproducing the sea level in the northern Adriatic Sea, if the wind speed is enhanced by a suitable multiplying factor. High resolution winds from LAMI give promising results, permitting an accurate simulation of the sea level maxima. QuikSCAT satellite wind fields produce also encouraging results which claim, however, for further research.

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