Delayed-Mode Calibration of Hydrographic Data Obtained from Animal-Borne Satellite Relay Data Loggers

Abstract A delayed-mode calibration procedure is presented to improve the quality of hydrographic data from CTD–Satellite Relay Data Loggers (CTD–SRDL) deployed on elephant seals. This procedure is applied on a dataset obtained with 10 CTD–SRDLs deployed at Kerguelen Islands in 2007. A comparison of CTD–SRDLs with a ship-based CTD system is first presented. A pressure-effect correction, linear with pressure, is deduced for both temperature and salinity measurements. An external field effect on the conductivity sensor is also detected, inducing an additional salinity offset. The salinity offset cannot be estimated directly from the ship-based CTD comparisons, because the attachment of the CTD–SRDL on the seal head modifies the magnitude of the external field effect. Two methods are proposed for estimating a posteriori the salinity offset. The first method uses the stable salinity maximum characterizing the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW), sampled by seals foraging south of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. Where this approach is not possible, a statistical method of cross-comparison of CTD–SRDLs surface salinity measurements is used over the sluggish Northern Kerguelen Plateau. Accuracies are respectively estimated as ±0.02°C for temperature and ±0.1 for derived salinity without corrections. The delayed-mode calibration significantly improves the CTD–SRDL data, improving accuracies to ±0.01°C and ±0.03, respectively. A better salinity accuracy of ±0.02 is achieved when the LCDW method can be used. For CTD–SRDLs where ship-based CTD comparisons are not available, the expected accuracy would be ±0.02°C for temperature and ±0.04 for the derived salinity.

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Design of a Qubit and a Decoder in Quantum Computing Based on a Spin Field Effect

Journal of Applied Research and Technology ◽

10.22201/icat.16656423.2012.10.2.403 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Suratgar ◽

S. Rafiei ◽

A. A. Taherpour ◽

A. Babaei

Keyword(s):

Quantum Computing ◽

External Field ◽

Electromagnetic Radiation ◽

Nuclear Spin ◽

Field Effect ◽

Logical Truth ◽

Computational Results ◽

External Fields ◽

Spin Field

In this paper we present a new method for designing a qubit and decoder in quantum computing based on the field effect in nuclear spin. In this method, the position of hydrogen has been studied in different external fields. The more we have different external field effects and electromagnetic radiation, the more we have different distribution ratios. Consequently, the quality of different distribution ratios has been applied to the suggested qubit and decoder model. We use the nuclear property of hydrogen in order to find a logical truth value. Computational results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency that can be obtained with the use of these models.

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Simple Index to Assess the Calibration Quality of Safety Performance Functions Based on Multiple Goodness-of-Fit Metrics

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211008896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110088

Author(s):

Raul E. Avelar ◽

Karen Dixon ◽

Boniphace Kutela ◽

Sam Klump ◽

Beth Wemple ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Synthetic Data ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

Safety Performance ◽

Absolute Deviation ◽

Data Set ◽

Safety Database ◽

Simple Index ◽

Safety Performance Functions

The calibration of safety performance functions (SPFs) is a mechanism included in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to adjust SPFs in the HSM for use in intended jurisdictions. Critically, the quality of the calibration procedure must be assessed before using the calibrated SPFs. Multiple resources to aid practitioners in calibrating SPFs have been developed in the years following the publication of the HSM 1st edition. Similarly, the literature suggests multiple ways to assess the goodness-of-fit (GOF) of a calibrated SPF to a data set from a given jurisdiction. This paper uses the calibration results of multiple intersection SPFs to a large Mississippi safety database to examine the relations between multiple GOF metrics. The goal is to develop a sensible single index that leverages the joint information from multiple GOF metrics to assess overall quality of calibration. A factor analysis applied to the calibration results revealed three underlying factors explaining 76% of the variability in the data. From these results, the authors developed an index and performed a sensitivity analysis. The key metrics were found to be, in descending order: the deviation of the cumulative residual (CURE) plot from the 95% confidence area, the mean absolute deviation, the modified R-squared, and the value of the calibration factor. This paper also presents comparisons between the index and alternative scoring strategies, as well as an effort to verify the results using synthetic data. The developed index is recommended to comprehensively assess the quality of the calibrated intersection SPFs.

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The external field effect on transient radiation of an ultrarelativistic particle

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics ◽

10.1134/1.1528677 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 861-863

Author(s):

M. I. Ryazanov

Keyword(s):

External Field ◽

Field Effect ◽

Transient Radiation

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Interannual response of global ocean hindcasts to a satellite-based correction of precipitation fluxes

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-9-611-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 611-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Storto ◽

I. Russo ◽

S. Masina

Keyword(s):

Ocean Circulation ◽

Surface Current ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Surface Salinity ◽

Near Surface ◽

Convergence Zones ◽

Circumpolar Current ◽

The Tropics ◽

Spatially Varying ◽

The Antarctic

Abstract. We present a methodology to correct precipitation fluxes from the ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA-Interim) for oceanographic applications. The correction is performed by means of a spatially varying monthly climatological coefficient, computed within the period 1989–2008 by comparison between ERA-Interim and a satellite-based passive microwave precipitation product. ERA-Interim exhibits a systematic over-estimation of precipitation within the inter-tropical convergence zones (up to 3 mm d−1) and under-estimation at mid- and high- latitudes (up to −4 mm d−1). The correction has been validated within eddy-permitting resolution global ocean hindcasts (1989–2009), demonstrating the ability of our strategy in attenuating the 20-yr mean global EMP negative imbalance by 16%, reducing the near-surface salinity fresh bias in the Tropics up to 1 psu and improving the representation of the sea level interannual variability, with an SSH error decrease of 8%. The ocean circulation is also proved to benefit from the correction, especially in correspondence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where the error in the near-surface current speed decreases by a 9%. Finally, we show that the correction leads to volume and freshwater transports that better agree with independent estimates.

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External Field Effect on the Confined Dynamics in One Dimension

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society ◽

10.1002/bkcs.11367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 257-260

Author(s):

Hyojoon Kim ◽

Joung-Hahn Yoon

Keyword(s):

External Field ◽

Field Effect ◽

One Dimension ◽

Confined Dynamics

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Earth Observation products for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10237 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marilaure Grégoire ◽

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Sea Surface Salinity ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Full Potential ◽

Ocean Colour ◽

Surface Salinity ◽

Mesoscale Dynamics

The Black Sea is a small enclosed basin where coastal regions have a large influence and mesoscale signals dominate the dynamics (the Rossby radius of deformation is about 20km). Large riverine inputs, mainly on the northwestern shelf, induce well-marked horizontal gradients in the distribution of the Black Sea salinity and optical characteristics: coastal and shelf waters have very low salinity and contain large amounts of optically active materials (e.g. coloured dissolved organic matter) and its oligotrophic deep sea has a salinity around 18.2. The presence of these contrasting water characteristics in a relatively small enclosed environment, combined with land contamination and the specificities of its atmospheric composition(e.g. high cloud coverage, aerosols) make the Black Sea a challenging area for the development of high quality satellite products.&#160;&#160;We present first results from a 2-year on-going ESA-funded project, EO4SIBS (Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea) dedicated to the development, and subsequent scientific analysis, of new algorithms and products. In particular, ocean colour products (chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter concentrations, turbidity) were produced from Sentinel 3 (S3) OLCI data combining different algorithms selected based on an automatic water mass classification procedure (case-1 versus case-2 waters). In specific areas, S3-OLCI and Sentinel 2-MSI data were merged to address local features. A revised gridded altimetry product based on 5-Hz along track data (combining Cryosat and S3 SAR) was produced and validated in the coastal zone with tide gauge data. Sea Surface Salinity was derived from the L-Band measured by SMOS and compared with in-situ surface salinity data from field sampling and Argo.&#160;&#160;All these products are now being integrated to further understand the Black Sea physical and biogeochemical functioning (e.g., plume and productivity patterns, mesoscale dynamics, deoxygenation). For instance, the Black Sea mesoscale dynamics are inferred from the 5-Hz altimetry product using an eddy detection and tracking algorithm. The quality of the eddy mapping is assessed by comparison with visible and infrared satellite products while the derived velocities are compared with drifters. Also, the benefit of assimilating ocean colour data in the Black Sea operational model (also known as CMEMS BS-MFC BIO) for the prediction of the Black Sea ecosystem will&#160; be illustrated.&#160;Gridded products are archived as CF-compliant NetCDF files and disseminated through ncWMS protocol. In-situ data are modeled as vector points in a PostGIS database. A web portal is being implemented in order to propose an efficient spatiotemporal exploration of both data sources in a user-friendly interface, including interactive map layers and export possibilities.&#160;We conclude with a set of recommendations for observational requirements needed&#160; to increase the quality of satellite products in the Black Sea and to be able to use the full potential of current and new information provided by&#160; satellites.&#160;&#160;

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Soi Formation by a Line-Source Electron Beam and Electrical Characteristics

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-107-201 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Hada ◽

H. Okabayashi ◽

S. Saito ◽

T. Nakamura ◽

Y. Kawase

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Grain Boundary ◽

Line Source ◽

Field Effect ◽

Electrical Characteristics ◽

Field Effect Mobility ◽

Boundary Density ◽

Width Direction ◽

Good Uniformity

AbstractCrystal quality of SOI and electrical characteristics of p-MOSFETs fabricated in SOI films have been studied. The SOI recrystallization is done by a cw-operated, high-power, line-source and line-shaped electron beam annealing. Single crystal SOI strips, 15~20¼mxa few mm in sized, are formed with a good uniformity on a 4 inch diameter wafer by adopting the step and repeat system in the annealing apparatus. p-MOSFETs with ~90% field effect mobility of the bulk values are fabricated in the SOI films. The electrical characteristics of p-MOSFETs, fabricated in the SOI regions beyond the lateral seeding distance (~15¼m), are found to be independent of the low angle grain boundary density in the MOSFET channel, when the low angle grain boundaries extended toward the channel width direction.

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