scholarly journals Assimilation of Surface-Based Boundary Layer Profiler Observations during a Cool-Season Weather Event Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Part II: Forecast Assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 2327-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hartung ◽  
Jason A. Otkin ◽  
Ralph A. Petersen ◽  
David D. Turner ◽  
Wayne F. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Ensemble Forecasts ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Wind Profiles

AbstractIn this study, atmospheric analyses obtained through assimilation of temperature, water vapor, and wind profiles from a potential network of ground-based remote sensing boundary layer profiling instruments were used to generate short-range ensemble forecasts for each assimilation experiment performed in Part I. Remote sensing systems evaluated during this study include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), Raman lidar (RAM), microwave radiometer (MWR), and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). Overall, the results show that the most accurate forecasts were achieved when mass (temperature and humidity profiles from the RAM, MWR, and/or AERI) and momentum (wind profiles from the DWL) observations were assimilated simultaneously, which is consistent with the main conclusion from Part I. For instance, the improved wind and moisture analyses obtained through assimilation of these observations contributed to more accurate forecasts of moisture flux convergence and the intensity and location of accumulated precipitation (ACPC) due to improved dynamical forcing and mesoscale boundary layer thermodynamic structure. An object-based verification tool was also used to assess the skill of the ACPC forecasts. Overall, total interest values for ACPC matched objects, along with traditional forecast skill statistics like the equitable threat score and critical success index, were most improved in the multisensor assimilation cases.

scholarly journals Studying turbulence by remote sensing systems during slope-2016 campaign

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Gregori de A. Moreira ◽  
Juan L. Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Jose A. Benavent-Oltra ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Roberto Róman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Lowermost Part

The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the lowermost part of the troposphere. In this work, we analysed some high order moments and PBL height detected continuously by three remote sensing systems: an elastic lidar, a Doppler lidar and a passive Microwave Radiometer, during the SLOPE-2016 campaign, which was held in Granada from May to August 2016. This study confirms the feasibility of these systems for the characterization of the PBL, helping us to justify and understand its behaviour along the day.

scholarly journals Assimilation of Surface-Based Boundary Layer Profiler Observations during a Cool-Season Weather Event Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Part I: Analysis Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Otkin ◽  
Daniel C. Hartung ◽  
David D. Turner ◽  
Ralph A. Petersen ◽  
Wayne F. Feltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Moisture Profile ◽  
Wind Profiles ◽  
Observing System Simulation Experiment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, an Observing System Simulation Experiment was used to examine how the assimilation of temperature, water vapor, and wind profiles from a potential array of ground-based remote sensing boundary layer profiling instruments impacts the accuracy of atmospheric analyses when using an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system. Remote sensing systems evaluated during this study include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), Raman lidar (RAM), microwave radiometer (MWR), and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). The case study tracked the evolution of several extratropical weather systems that occurred across the contiguous United States during 7–8 January 2008. Overall, the results demonstrate that using networks of high-quality temperature, wind, and moisture profile observations of the lower troposphere has the potential to improve the accuracy of wintertime atmospheric analyses over land. The impact of each profiling system was greatest in the lower and middle troposphere on the variables observed or retrieved by that instrument; however, some minor improvements also occurred in the unobserved variables and in the upper troposphere, particularly when RAM observations were assimilated. The best analysis overall was achieved when DWL wind profiles and temperature and moisture observations from the RAM, AERI, or MWR were assimilated simultaneously, which illustrates that both mass and momentum observations are necessary to improve the analysis accuracy.

scholarly journals Comparison Among the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimated From Three Different Tracers

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Gregori de Arruda Moreira ◽  
Fábio Juliano da Silva Lopes ◽  
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Alberto Cazorla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Lowermost Part ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is the lowermost part of the troposphere. In this work, we analysed the combination of ABL height estimated continuously by three different remote sensing systems: a ceilometer, a Doppler lidar and a passive Microwave Radiometer, during a summer campaign, which was held in Granada from June to August 2016. This study demonstrates as the combined utilization of remote sensing systems, based on different tracers, can provide detailed information about the height of ABL and their sublayers.

scholarly journals Analyzing the turbulent planetary boundary layer by remote sensing systems: the Doppler wind lidar, aerosol elastic lidar and microwave radiometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregori de Arruda Moreira ◽  
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Jose A. Benavent-Oltra ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Influence Of Noise

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowermost region of troposphere and is endowed with turbulent characteristics, which can have mechanical and/or thermodynamic origins. This behavior gives this layer great importance, mainly in studies about pollutant dispersion and weather forecasting. However, the instruments usually applied in studies of turbulence in the PBL have limitations in spatial resolution (anemometer towers) or temporal resolution (instrumentation aboard an aircraft). Ground-based remote sensing, both active and passive, offers an alternative for studying the PBL. In this study we show the capabilities of combining different remote sensing systems (microwave radiometer – MWR, Doppler lidar – DL – and elastic lidar – EL) for retrieving a detailed picture on the PBL turbulent features. The statistical moments of the high frequency distributions of the vertical wind velocity, derived from DL, and of the backscattered coefficient, derived from EL, are corrected by two methodologies, namely first lag correction and -2/3 law correction. The corrected profiles, obtained from DL data, present small differences when compared with the uncorrected profiles, showing the low influence of noise and the viability of the proposed methodology. Concerning EL, in addition to analyzing the influence of noise, we explore the use of different wavelengths that usually include EL systems operated in extended networks, like the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET), NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) or Skyradiometer Network (SKYNET). In this way we want to show the feasibility of extending the capability of existing monitoring networks without strong investments or changes in their measurements protocols. Two case studies were analyzed in detail, one corresponding to a well-defined PBL and another corresponding to a situation with presence of a Saharan dust lofted aerosol layer and clouds. In both cases we discuss results provided by the different instruments showing their complementarity and the precautions to be applied in the data interpretation. Our study shows that the use of EL at 532 nm requires a careful correction of the signal using the first lag time correction in order to get reliable turbulence information on the PBL.

scholarly journals Assessing the accuracy of microwave radiometers and radio acoustic sounding systems for wind energy applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bianco ◽  
Katja Friedrich ◽  
James Wilczak ◽  
Duane Hazen ◽  
Daniel Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Acoustic Sounding ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Virtual Temperature ◽  
Microwave Radiometers

Abstract. To assess current remote-sensing capabilities for wind energy applications, a remote-sensing system evaluation study, called XPIA (eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrument Assessment), was held in the spring of 2015 at NOAA’s Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) facility. Several remote-sensing platforms were evaluated to determine their suitability for the verification and validation processes used to test the accuracy of numerical weather prediction models. The evaluation of these platforms was performed with respect to well-defined reference systems: the BAO’s 300-m tower equipped at 6 levels (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) with 12 sonic anemometers and 6 temperature and relative humidity sensors; and approximately 60 radiosonde launches. In this study we first employ these reference measurements to validate temperature profiles retrieved by two co-located microwave radiometers, as well as virtual temperature measured by co-located wind profiling radars equipped with radio acoustic sounding systems. Results indicate a mean absolute error in the temperature retrieved by the microwave radiometers below 1.5 °C in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere, and a mean absolute error in the virtual temperature measured by the radio acoustic sounding systems below 0.8 °C in the layer of the atmosphere covered by these measurements (up to approximately 1.6–2 km). We also investigated the benefit of the vertical velocity applied to the speed of sound before computing the virtual temperature by the radio acoustic sounding systems. We find that using this correction frequently increases the RASS error, and that it should not be routinely applied to all data. Water vapor density profiles measured by the MWRs were also compared with similar measurements from the soundings, showing the capability of MWRs to follow the vertical profile measured by the sounding, and finding a mean absolute error below 0.5 g m−3 in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. However, the relative humidity profiles measured by the microwave radiometer lack the high-resolution details available from radiosonde profiles. An encouraging and significant finding of this study was that the coefficient of determination between the lapse rate measured by the microwave radiometer and the tower measurements over the tower levels between 50 and 300 m ranged from 0.76 to 0.91, proving that these remote-sensing instruments can provide accurate information on atmospheric stability conditions in the lower boundary layer.

scholarly journals Analyzing the turbulence in the Planetary Boundary Layer by the synergic use of remote sensing systems: Doppler wind lidar and aerosol elastic lidar

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregori de Arruda Moreira ◽  
Juan Luís Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra ◽  
Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems

Abstract. The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the lowermost region of troposphere and endowed with turbulent characteristics, which can have mechanical or thermodynamic origins. Such behavior gives to this layer great importance, mainly in studies about pollutant dispersion and weather forecasting. However, the instruments usually applied in studies about turbulence in the PBL have limitations in spatial resolution (anemometer towers) or temporal resolution (aircrafts). In this study we propose the synergetic use of remote sensing systems (microwave radiometer [MWR], Doppler lidar [DL] and elastic lidar [EL]) to analyze the PBL behavior. Furthermore, we show how some meteorological variables such as air temperature, aerosol number density, vertical wind, relative humidity and net radiation might influence the PBL dynamic. The statistical moments of the high frequency distributions of the vertical velocity, derived from DL and of the backscattered coefficient derived from EL, are corrected by two methodologies, namely first lag and −2/3 correction. The corrected profiles present small differences when compare against the uncorrected profiles, showing low influence of noise and the viability of the proposed methodology. Two case studies were analyzed in detail, one corresponding to a well-defined PBL and another one corresponding to a situation with presence of a Saharan dust lofted aerosol layer and clouds. In both cases the results provided by the different instruments are complementary, thus the synergistic use of the different systems allow us performing a detailed monitoring of the PBL.

scholarly journals The COTUR project: Remote sensing of offshore turbulence for wind energy application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Cheynet ◽  
Martin Flügge ◽  
Joachim Reuder ◽  
Jasna B. Jakobsen ◽  
Yngve Heggelund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Sensing Technology

Abstract. The paper presents the measurement strategy and dataset collected during the COTUR (COherence of TURbulence with lidars) campaign. This field experiment took place from February 2019 to April 2020 on the southwestern coast of Norway. The coherence quantifies the spatial correlation of eddies and is little known in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The study was motivated by the need to better characterize the lateral coherence, which partly governs the dynamic wind load on multi-megawatt offshore wind turbines. During the COTUR campaign, the coherence was studied using land-based remote sensing technology. The instrument setup consisted of three long-range scanning Doppler wind lidars, one Doppler wind lidar profiler and one passive microwave radiometer. Both the WindScanner software and Lidar Planner software were used jointly to simultaneously orient the three scanner heads into the mean wind direction, which was provided by the lidar wind profiler. The radiometer instrument complemented these measurements by providing temperature and humidity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer. The preliminary results show an undocumented variation of the lateral coherence with the distance from the coast. The scanning beams were pointed slightly upwards to record turbulence characteristics both within and above the surface layer, providing further insight on the applicability of surface-layer scaling to model the turbulent wind load on offshore wind turbines.

Atmospheric boundary layer parameters retrieval from Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer measurements in tropical cyclones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Rusakov ◽  
Evgeny Poplavsky ◽  
Olga Ermakova ◽  
Yuliya Troitskaya ◽  
Daniil Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Radar Images

<p>Active microwave sensing using satellite instruments has great advantages, since in this range the absorption by clouds and atmospheric gases is noticeably reduced, it allows for round-the-clock and all-weather monitoring of the ocean. One of the main problems is concerned with obtaining the dependency between the RCS of radar signal scattered by the wavy water surface and the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer in hurricane conditions. To obtain this dependence, we used field measurements of wind speed in a hurricane from falling NOAA GPS-sondes and SAR images from the Sentinel-1 satellite. However, there is the problem of correct collocation of remote sensing data with field measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer parameters, since they are separated in time and space. In this regard, the amount of data suitable for analysis is very limited, which forces us to look for new data sources for processing. A six-channel SFMR radiometer is also installed on board of NOAA research aircraft that measures the emissivity of the ocean surface beneath the aircraft. Thus, it becomes possible to relate the radiometric measurements of SFMR with the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer in a tropical cyclone obtained from wind velocity profiles, since they are carried out as close as possible in time and space. Using this relation, the SFMR data and the hurricane radar images were analyzed together and an alternative method was found for constructing the dependence of the RCS on the parameters of the boundary layer.</p><p>This work was supported by the RFBR projects No. 19-05-00249, 19-05-00366, 18-35-20068 (remote sensing data analysis) and RSF No. 19-17-00209 (GPS-sondes data assimilation and processing).</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Ground-Based Temperature and Humidity Profiling Using Spectral Infrared and Microwave Observations. Part II: Actual Retrieval Performance in Clear-Sky and Cloudy Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Blumberg ◽  
D. D. Turner ◽  
U. Löhnert ◽  
S. Castleberry
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Retrieval Performance ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Observing Systems

AbstractAlthough current upper-air observing systems provide an impressive array of observations, many are deficient in observing the temporal evolution of the boundary layer thermodynamic profile. Ground-based remote sensing instruments such as the multichannel microwave radiometer (MWR) and Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) are able to provide profiles of temperature and water vapor through the boundary layer at 5-min resolution or better. Previous work compared these instruments through optimal-estimation retrievals on simulated clear-sky spectra to evaluate the retrieval accuracy and information content of each instrument. In this study, this method is duplicated using real observations from collocated MWR and AERI instruments from a field campaign in southwestern Germany. When compared with radiosondes, this study confirms the previous results that AERI retrievals are more accurate than MWR retrievals in clear-sky and below-cloud-base profiling. These results demonstrate that the AERI has nearly 2 times as much information as the MWR.

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