scholarly journals Intensity of Hydrological Cycles in Warmer Climates

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2419-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanglin Yang ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Michael E. Schlesinger ◽  
Wanqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Hydrological Cycles

Abstract The fact that the surface and tropospheric temperatures increase with increasing CO2 has been well documented by numerical model simulations; however, less agreement is found for the changes in the intensity of precipitation and the hydrological cycle. Here, it is demonstrated that while both the radiative heating by increasing CO2 and the resulting higher sea surface temperatures contribute to warm the atmosphere, they act against each other in changing the hydrological cycle. As a consequence, in a warmer climate forced by increasing CO2 the intensity of the hydrological cycle can be either more or less intense depending upon the degree of surface warming.

The Transient Circulation Response to Radiative Forcings and Sea Surface Warming*

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 9323-9336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Staten ◽  
Thomas Reichler ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Indirect Response ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Abstract Tropospheric circulation shifts have strong potential to impact surface climate. However, the magnitude of these shifts in a changing climate and the attending regional hydrological changes are difficult to project. Part of this difficulty arises from the lack of understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the circulation shifts themselves. To better delineate circulation shifts and their respective causes the circulation response is decomposed into 1) the “direct” response to radiative forcings themselves and 2) the “indirect” response to changing sea surface temperatures. Using ensembles of 90-day climate model simulations with immediate switch-on forcings, including perturbed greenhouse gas concentrations, stratospheric ozone concentrations, and sea surface temperatures, this paper documents the direct and indirect transient responses of the zonal-mean general circulation, and investigates the roles of previously proposed mechanisms in shifting the midlatitude jet. It is found that both the direct and indirect wind responses often begin in the lower stratosphere. Changes in midlatitude eddies are ubiquitous and synchronous with the midlatitude zonal wind response. Shifts in the critical latitude of wave absorption on either flank of the jet are not indicted as primary factors for the poleward-shifting jet, although some evidence for increasing equatorward wave reflection over the Southern Hemisphere in response to sea surface warming is seen. Mechanisms for the Northern Hemisphere jet shift are less clear.

Evolution of Water Vapor Concentrations and Stratospheric Age of Air in Coupled Chemistry-Climate Model Simulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Austin ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Holger Vömel
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Time Slice ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

Abstract Stratospheric water vapor concentrations and age of air are investigated in an ensemble of coupled chemistry-climate model simulations covering the period from 1960 to 2005. Observed greenhouse gas concentrations, halogen concentrations, aerosol amounts, and sea surface temperatures are all specified in the model as time-varying fields. The results are compared with two experiments (time-slice runs) with constant forcings for the years 1960 and 2000, in which the sea surface temperatures are set to the same climatological values, aerosol concentrations are fixed at background levels, while greenhouse gas and halogen concentrations are set to the values for the relevant years. The time-slice runs indicate an increase in stratospheric water vapor from 1960 to 2000 due primarily to methane oxidation. The age of air is found to be significantly less in the year 2000 run than the 1960 run. The transient runs from 1960 to 2005 indicate broadly similar results: an increase in water vapor and a decrease in age of air. However, the results do not change gradually. The age of air decreases significantly only after about 1975, corresponding to the period of ozone reduction. The age of air is related to tropical upwelling, which determines the transport of methane into the stratosphere. Oxidation of increased methane from enhanced tropical upwelling results in higher water vapor amounts. In the model simulations, the rate of increase of stratospheric water vapor during the period of enhanced upwelling is up to twice the long-term mean. The concentration of stratospheric water vapor also increases following volcanic eruptions during the simulations.

Observational Evidence for the Mutual Regulation of the Tropical Hydrological Cycle and Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme L. Stephens ◽  
Peter J. Webster ◽  
Richard H. Johnson ◽  
Richard Engelen ◽  
Tristan L'Ecuyer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
Tropical Sea

A comparison of PMIP2 model simulations and the MARGO proxy reconstruction for tropical sea surface temperatures at last glacial maximum

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner ◽  
Ralph Schneider ◽  
E. C. Brady ◽  
M. Kucera ◽  
A. Abe-Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Tropical Sea

scholarly journals Studi Pendahuluan Variasi Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Sebaran Aerosol di Laut Sawu

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ashari Wicaksono ◽  
Nike Ika Nuzula
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Aerosol Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Study

Research related to aerosols in Indonesia is still very minimal compared to sea surface temperature parameters and other oceanographic parameters. This study is a preliminary study that aims to determine the variation in aerosol distribution and its influence by variations in sea surface temperatures in the areas crossed by Arlindo, especially the savu sea. Savu sea surrounded by Flores islands (Sumba Regency, Kupang Regency, and Manggarai Regency) has a variation of SPL from 22 - 30 °C, where in the wetar strait, ombai strait, and sumba strait in the northwest part of sawu often occur low temperatures. While the value of aerosol spread is ranging from 0 - 0.3. Thus, a numerical model is needed that can help in analyzing the results that currently exist.

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