scholarly journals 100 Years of Progress in Applied Meteorology. Part III: Additional Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 24.1-24.35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Ellen Haupt ◽  
Branko Kosović ◽  
Scott W. McIntosh ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Kathleen Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Applied Meteorology ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Behavior Models

AbstractApplied meteorology is an important and rapidly growing field. This chapter concludes the three-chapter series of this monograph describing how meteorological information can be used to serve society’s needs while at the same time advancing our understanding of the basics of the science. This chapter continues along the lines of Part II of this series by discussing ways that meteorological and climate information can help to improve the output of the agriculture and food-security sector. It also discusses how agriculture alters climate and its long-term implications. It finally pulls together several of the applications discussed by treating the food–energy–water nexus. The remaining topics of this chapter are those that are advancing rapidly with more opportunities for observation and needs for prediction. The study of space weather is advancing our understanding of how the barrage of particles from other planetary bodies in the solar system impacts Earth’s atmosphere. Our ability to predict wildland fires by coupling atmospheric and fire-behavior models is beginning to impact decision-support systems for firefighters. Last, we examine how artificial intelligence is changing the way we predict, emulate, and optimize our meteorological variables and its potential to amplify our capabilities. Many of these advances are directly due to the rapid increase in observational data and computer power. The applications reviewed in this series of chapters are not comprehensive, but they will whet the reader’s appetite for learning more about how meteorology can make a concrete impact on the world’s population by enhancing access to resources, preserving the environment, and feeding back into a better understanding how the pieces of the environmental system interact.

scholarly journals A systematic approach to assess climate information products applied to agriculture and food security in Guatemala and Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 100137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bouroncle ◽  
Anna Müller ◽  
Diana Giraldo ◽  
David Rios ◽  
Pablo Imbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Agriculture And Food

scholarly journals STRATEGIC FOOD BALANCE PLANNING METHODOLOGY: AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT AND VALIDATION RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Denis Yu. Samygin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planning Methodology ◽  
Physical Accessibility ◽  
Research Show

T he study focuses on the need to improve the food balances forecasting and formation methodology which, unlike the previous one, should consider the requirements of the 2020 RF Food Security Doctrine. The author hypothesizes that the strategic food balance planning methodology should be clarified by its application algorithm and extended with the indicators characterizing the status of the key food security criteria per capita. The paper provides author’s interpretation of the food security criteria and gives the indicators for their evaluation which conceptually underlie the development of the strategic food balance planning tools. The first stage of the research complements the structure of the food balance with a number of significant indicators which reveal the deficit (abundance) level of the sources for food resources and domestic consumption of the goods against the approved reasonable norms. The second stage proposes the food balance data based indicators for evaluating national food security. The thresholds of these indicators have been clarified, while these indicators identify the development degree of the key food criteria. This arises from the available sources in the country in general and their types in particular. The third stage of the research deals with validating the author’s methodology by the main types of goods specified in the RF Food Security Doctrine. The results of the research show that the current physical accessibility and economic affordability of the main types of foodstuff to the RF population could be maintained at the level of the reasonable norms against the goods reserves only within a short period of time. Domestic production should strategically back up food security in the long-term perspective. Further research is seen to be in improving the food balance strategic planning methodology in order to develop an algorithm for a computerbased information system designed to support managerial decision making in a food security sector. This gives qualitatively new prerequisites for strategic food balance planning digitalization.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale, Multi-Season, Multi-Indicator Evaluation of Agricultural Drought Trends in Ethiopia -Implications to Dryland Agriculture and Food Security

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawd Temam ◽  
Venkatesh Uddameri ◽  
Ghazal Mohammadi ◽  
Elma Hernandez ◽  
Stephen Ekwaro-Osire
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Indicator Evaluation

Ethiopian agriculture is not only affected by precipitation declines (meteorological droughts) but also soil dryness caused by temperature increases and associated long-term hydrological changes. Meteorological drought indicators (e.g., SPI), do not fully capture the water deficits in agricultural systems (i.e., agricultural droughts). An Ethiopia-wide assessment of meteorological and agricultural drought trends was carried out to characterize century-scale (1902 – 2016) changes in droughts. SPI and SPEI calculated using two-month accumulation and the Palmer Z-index were used for assessing intra-season drought trends. SPI and SPEI at six-month accumulations and PDSI were used to define full season droughts. Detrended variance corrected Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis during Bega (dry), Belg (short-rainy) and Meher (long-rainy) seasons. The SPEI-2 and PDSI were most aggressive in characterizing intra-season and seasonal-drought trends. There is on average 1% - 6% annual increase in dryness with the lower estimate based on precipitation declines and the upper end accounting for seasonal soil moisture dynamics. The area between 37.5° E – 42.5° E denotes a climate hot-spot. Precipitation declines in Belg along the Ethiopia-South-Sudan/Sudan border during Belg and along Eretria-Ethiopia border during Meher have the potential to exacerbate transboundary water conflicts and further threaten the food security of the region.

scholarly journals Agriculture and Food Security in Mozambique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Luis Alfaro Cardoso ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
General Wellbeing

The objective of this short review is to contribute to the debate on the role of agriculture transformation in the development process and as an engine to reduce poverty and improve general wellbeing through better access to nutrients in Mozambique. Agricultural services are organized by Provinces but still there is no accurate data on food production, consumption and trade trends in a large sample. It is recognized the complexity of the food security concept and the need of a multidimensional definition and approach. The increase in agricultural productivity can probably be seen as a necessary but not a sufficient condition to achieve long term food security in Mozambique or Sub-Saharan Africa.  Competing views about the relevance of agriculture for growth and development imply different policy priorities in Africa.

scholarly journals Transforming Food Systems in Africa under Climate Change Pressure: Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Peter Läderach ◽  
Bruce M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Low-income producers and consumers of food in Africa are more vulnerable to climate change, owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in more adapted institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Therefore, the way we manage our food systems needs to be urgently changed if the goal is to achieve food security and sustainable development more quickly. This review paper analyzes the nexus “climate-smart agriculture-food systems-sustainable development” in order to draw sound ways that could allow rapid transformation of food systems in the context of climate change pressure. We followed an integrative review approach based on selected concrete example-experiences from ground-implemented projects across Africa (Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, in West Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in East Africa). Mostly composed of examples from the Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) Research Program of the CGIAR (former Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) and its partners, these also included ground initiatives from non-CGIAR that could provide demonstrable conditions for a transformative agriculture and food systems. The lessons learnt from the ground implementation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), in the African context, were instrumental to informing the actions areas of the food-system transformation framework suggested in this paper (reroute, de-risk, reduce, and realign). Selected CSA example-cases to inform these action areas included 24 initiatives across Africa, but with a focus on the following studies for an in-depth analysis: (1) the climate-smart village approach to generate knowledge on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices for their scaling, (2) the use of climate information services (CIS) to better manage climate variability and extremes, and (3) the science–policy interfacing to mainstream CSA into agricultural development policies and plans. The analysis of these examples showed that CSA can contribute driving a rapid change of food systems in Africa through: (1) the implementation of relevant climate-smart technologies and practices to reroute farming and rural livelihoods to new climate-resilient and low-emission trajectories; (2) the development and application of weather and climate information services (WCIS) that support de-risking of livelihoods, farms, and value chains in the face of increasing vagaries of weather and extreme events; (3) the use of climate-smart options that minimize waste of all the natural resources used for growing, processing, packaging, transporting, and marketing food, and therefore mitigating the carbon footprint attached to this food loss and waste; and (4) the realignment of policies and finance that facilitate action in the four proposed action areas through the identification of news ways to mobilize sustainable finance and create innovative financial mechanisms and delivery channels.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
P. M. TARANOV ◽  
◽  
A. S. PANASYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Global Food

The authors assess the prospects for solving the global food problem based on an analysis of the dynamics of food security indicators at the global and regional levels. The global food problem at work refers to the growing population of a planet affected by hunger and other forms of malnutrition. The food security situation has worsened for five years - in 2015–2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the food supply problem. The prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity has affected more than 25% of the world's population. In lowincome countries, malnutrition affects more than 58% of the population. Food security is threatened by the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in the short term. In the medium and long term, climate change and the crisis in the governance of the world economy are the greatest threats. Modern international economic institutions are unable to withstand the prospect of declining global food security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document