An Analysis of the Processes Affecting Rapid Near-Surface Water Vapor Increases during the Afternoon to Evening Transition in Oklahoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2217-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Blumberg ◽  
D. D. Turner ◽  
S. M. Cavallo ◽  
Jidong Gao ◽  
J. Basara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Evening Transition ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Oklahoma Mesonet ◽  
Conditional Instability ◽  
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio ◽  
Spring Harvest

AbstractThis study used 20 years of Oklahoma Mesonet data to investigate the changes of near-surface water vapor mixing ratio qυ during the afternoon to evening transition (AET). Similar to past studies, increases in qυ are found to occur near sunset. However, the location, magnitude, and timing of the qυ maximum occurring during the AET are shown to be dependent on the seasonal growth and harvest of vegetation across Oklahoma in the spring and summer months. Particularly, the late spring harvest of winter wheat grown in Oklahoma appears to modify the relative contribution of local and nonlocal processes on qυ. By analyzing time series of qυ during the AET, it is found that the likelihood of a presunset qυ maximum is strongly dependent upon vegetation, soil moisture, wind speed, and cloud cover. Analysis also reveals that the increase in qυ during the AET can increase the parcel conditional instability despite the surface cooling produced by loss of insolation. Next to known changes in low-level wind shear, these changes in instability and moisture demonstrate new ways the AET can modify the presence of the key ingredients relevant to explaining the climatological increase in severe convective storm hazards around sunset.

scholarly journals Craig-Gordon model validation using observed meteorological parameters and measured stable isotope ratios in water vapor over the Southern Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaakir Shabir Dar ◽  
Prosenjit Ghosh ◽  
Ankit Swaraj ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Molecular Diffusivity ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Evaporation Flux

Abstract. The stable isotopic composition of water vapor over the ocean is governed by the isotopic composition of surface water, ambient vapor isotopic composition, exchange and mixing processes at the water-air interface as well as the local meteorological conditions. In this study we present water vapor and surface water isotope ratios in samples collected across the latitudinal transect from Mauritius to Prydz Bay in the Antarctic coast. The samples were collected on-board the ocean research vessel SA Agulhas during the 9th (Jan-2017) and 10th (Dec-2017 to Jan-2018) Southern Ocean expeditions. The inter annual variability of the meteorological factors governing water vapor isotopic composition is explained. The parameters governing the isotopic composition of evaporation flux from the oceans can be considered separately or simultaneously in the Craig-Gordon (CG) models. The Traditional Craig-Gordon (TCG) (Craig and Gordon, 1965) and the Unified Craig-Gordon (UCG) (Gonfiantini et al., 2018) models were used to evaluate the isotopic composition of evaporation flux for the molecular diffusivity ratios suggested by Merlivat (1978) (MJ), Cappa et al. (2003) (CD) and Pfahl and Wernli (2009) (PW) and for different ocean surface conditions. We found that the UCG model with CD molecular diffusivity ratios where equal contribution from molecular and turbulent diffusion is the best match for our observations. By assigning the representative end member isotopic compositions and solving the two-component mixing model, a relative contribution from locally generated and advected moisture was calculated along the transect. Our results suggest varying contribution of advected westerly component with an increasing trend upto 65° S. Beyond 65° S, the proportion of Antarctic moisture was found to be increasing linearly towards the coast.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Seasonal Variation of Near-Surface Water Vapor D/H Isotope Ratio Revealed by Continuous in situ Measurement in Sapporo, Japan

SOLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
‘Niyi Sunmonu ◽  
Ken-ichiro Muramoto ◽  
Naoyuki Kurita ◽  
Kei Yoshimura ◽  
Yasushi Fujiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Near Surface

scholarly journals Surface and Tropospheric Water Vapor Variability and Decadal Trends at Two Supersites of CO-PDD (Cézeaux and Puy de Dôme) in Central France

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Hadad ◽  
Jean-Luc Baray ◽  
Nadège Montoux ◽  
Joël Van Baelen ◽  
Patrick Fréville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cosmic Radio ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Oceanic Forcing ◽  
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

We present an analysis of decadal in situ and remote sensing observations of water vapor over the Cézeaux and puy de Dôme, located in central France (45° N, 3° E), in order to document the variability, cycles and trends of surface and tropospheric water vapor at different time scales and the geophysical processes responsible for the water vapor distributions. We use meteorological stations, GPS (Global Positioning System), and lidar datasets, supplemented with three remote sources of water vapor (COSMIC-radio-occultation, ERA-interim-ECMWF numerical model, and AIRS-satellite). The annual cycle of water vapor is clearly established for the two sites of different altitudes and for all types of measurement. Cezeaux and puy de Dôme present almost no diurnal cycle, suggesting that the variability of surface water vapor at this site is more influenced by a sporadic meteorological system than by regular diurnal variations. The lidar dataset shows a greater monthly variability of the vertical distribution than the COSMIC and AIRS satellite products. The Cézeaux site presents a positive trend for the GPS water vapor total column (0.42 ± 0.45 g·kg−1/decade during 2006–2017) and a significant negative trend for the surface water vapor mixing ratio (−0.16 ± 0.09 mm/decade during 2002–2017). The multi-linear regression analysis shows that continental forcings (East Atlantic Pattern and East Atlantic-West Russia Pattern) have a greater influence than oceanic forcing (North Atlantic Oscillation) on the water vapor variations.

scholarly journals Craig–Gordon model validation using stable isotope ratios in water vapor over the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 11435-11449
Author(s):  
Shaakir Shabir Dar ◽  
Prosenjit Ghosh ◽  
Ankit Swaraj ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Molecular Diffusivity ◽  
Air Interface

Abstract. The stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor over a water body is governed by the isotopic composition of surface water and ambient vapor, exchange and mixing processes at the water–air interface, and the local meteorological conditions. These parameters form inputs to the Craig–Gordon models, used for predicting the isotopic composition of vapor produced from the surface water due to the evaporation process. In this study we present water vapor, surface water isotope ratios and meteorological parameters across latitudinal transects in the Southern Ocean (27.38–69.34 and 21.98–66.8∘ S) during two austral summers. The performance of Traditional Craig–Gordon (TCG) (Craig and Gordon, 1965) and the Unified Craig–Gordon (UCG) (Gonfiantini et al., 2018) models is evaluated to predict the isotopic composition of evaporated water vapor flux in the diverse oceanic settings. The models are run for the molecular diffusivity ratios suggested by Merlivat (1978), Cappa et al. (2003) and Pfahl and Wernli (2009), referred to as MJ, CD and PW, respectively, and different turbulent indices (x), i.e., fractional contribution of molecular vs. turbulent diffusion. It is found that the UCGx=0.8MJ, UCGx=0.6CD, TCGx=0.6MJ and TCGx=0.7CD models predicted the isotopic composition that best matches with the observations. The relative contribution from locally generated and advected moisture is calculated at the water vapor sampling points, along the latitudinal transects, assigning the representative end-member isotopic compositions, and by solving the two-component mixing model. The results suggest a varying contribution of the advected westerly component, with an increasing trend up to 65∘ S. Beyond 65∘ S, the proportion of Antarctic moisture was found to be prominent and increasing linearly towards the coast.

Thermal remote sensing of near-surface water vapor

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Czajkowski ◽  
Samuel N. Goward ◽  
David Shirey ◽  
Anita Walz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Thermal Remote Sensing ◽  
Near Surface

Ecological and hygienic assessment pollution of surface and groundwater in Transural Region Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rakhmatullin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Carried out ecological and hygienic assessment of pollution of surface and groundwater of mining areas in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Revealed exceeding standards for fishery water bodies and drinking and cultural and community water use, which indicates the potential danger of surface water for the health of the region's population. The greatest relative contribution to the overall pollution of surface water bodies are making manganese (33,0–66,6 %), iron (9,1–15,6 %), calcium (6,5–11,7 %), lead (5,8– 7,2 %). The quality of water used for drinking purposes from decentralized water sources (boreholes, wells, springs), do not always correspond to the hygienic and sanitary-epidemiological requirements. In this case, the highest priority performance of drinking water contamination are increased stiffness, high content of iron, calcium, nitrate, presence cadmium, and hexavalent chromium.

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