scholarly journals Assessment of Quality and Reliability of Measurements with XBT Sippican T5 and T5/20

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1935-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Reseghetti ◽  
Lijing Cheng ◽  
Mireno Borghini ◽  
Igor M. Yashayaev ◽  
Giancarlo Raiteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Fall Rate ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
Climate Study

AbstractThe T5 expendable bathythermographs reach the greatest depth within the current XBT family. Since the early 1970s, in several areas they have been providing a significant part of available temperature profiles below 1000 m and therefore represent an important resource for ocean climate study. In this paper we present new results from laboratory tests of Sippican T5 and T5/20 probes and analyses of more than 350 XBT–CTD matched pairs from our own field trials and the World Ocean Database (WOD), and we propose an improved fall rate equation (coefficients: A = 6.720 ± 0.025 m s−1, B = 0.001 60 ± 0.000 15 m s−2, Offset = 1.00 ± 0.65 m). Possible influences of probe physical characteristics and initial launch conditions on the probe motion have also been investigated with launching height and probe weight being identified as important factors. Analyses also confirm that fall speed and pure temperature error increase with water temperature, as previously reported for other XBT types. The uncertainties in depth and temperature measurements are then calculated. Finally, a new correction for a global T5 dataset is proposed, with an update of the currently available schemes.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the XBT Fall-Rate Equation in the Southern Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ribeiro ◽  
Mauricio M. Mata ◽  
José Luiz L. de Azevedo ◽  
Mauro Cirano
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Fall Rate ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Ocean Region

AbstractIn this study a set of 157 collocated XBT (DB/T7 type) and CTD stations distributed across three different regions of the Southern Ocean is explored using the manufacturer’s fall-rate equation (FRE), which is a classic correction method, and new correction methods to investigate how the regional environment characteristics may impact a probe’s descent and the corresponding depth estimates. Regional coefficients were estimated for all three basins and for the Southern Ocean as a whole. The manufacturer’s FRE proved to perform better in high latitudes than in the rest of the World Ocean, overestimating the true depth by only 2%. The overall depth bias was positive, further supporting the hypothesis of a regional dependence of the XBT fall rate on water temperature, which leads to a general overestimation of ocean heat content in the upper layer (~4.79 × 109 J or ~10%). The pure thermal bias was found to be mostly negative, which is likely to be related to temperature errors. However, the Southern Ocean region is notoriously undersampled when compared to the rest of the World Ocean as well, as it is associated with strong spatial and temporal variability, thus raising the overall uncertainty on that estimate. Moreover, although the manufacturer’s FRE has a satisfying performance in the Southern Ocean, the current community’s recommended correction method still leads to improved temperature values in those waters. Finally, more studies are needed in order to fully understand the XBT regional bias and its implications for climate studies in the region.

Simulation of the world ocean climate with a massively parallel numerical model

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Ushakov ◽  
R. A. Ibrayev ◽  
V. V. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
The World

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

Revised Chronology of Neogene DSDP Holes from the World Ocean

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lazarus ◽  
C. Spencer-Cervato ◽  
M. Pika-Biolzi ◽  
J.P. Beckmann ◽  
K. von Salis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
The World
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