Gender Differences in Incidence and Age at Onset of Mania and Bipolar Disorder Over a 35-Year Period in Camberwell, England

IntroductionGender differences in bipolar disorder are becoming apparent, but have been less studied compared with major depression. The presentation, clinical features, course and evolution of bipolar disorder differ between men and women. Research data on these differences will help determine whether gender is important in influencing illness variables.ObjectivesDetermine whether men and women with bipolar disorder have statistical significant differences in socio-demographic and clinical data.MethodsCharts of all patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder admitted in the Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center over a three-year period (between 2013 and 2015) were reviewed to gather data on socio-demographic, clinical and psychopathological variables to assess differences across genders. Statistical analysis of data with “SPSS21”.ResultsDuring a three-year period, 189 patients were admitted with bipolar disorder, the majority were female patients, with ages between 21 and 84 years old. The authors will analyse if there is any statistical significant difference between gender in the rate of bipolar I or II diagnoses, age at onset, symptom presentation, delay in diagnoses, number of depressive, or manic episodes, hospitalisations, involuntarily admissions, number of suicide attempts, co-morbidity rates, negative life events, family history and treatment options. Sociodemograpic characteristics will also be analysed.ConclusionGender differences in bipolar disorder is a controversial issue in the literature. The importance of gender on the course and outcome in bipolar disorder has been widely acknowledged. The limited data suggest that the prevalence is similar between sexes but that the course of illness may be different.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Using admixture analysis to examine birth-cohort effects on age at onset of bipolar disorder

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/acps.12478 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 205-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.-L. Golmard ◽

J. Scott ◽

B. Etain ◽

M. Preisig ◽

J.-M. Aubry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Cohort Effects ◽

Admixture Analysis

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Gender differences in GAD antibody– positive diabetes mellitus in relation to age at onset, C-peptide and other endocrine autoimmune diseases

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews ◽

10.1002/dmrr.420 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 158-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Eero Lindholm ◽

Bengt Hallengren ◽

Carl-David Agardh

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Age At Onset ◽

C Peptide

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Genome-wide association analysis of age at onset and psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics ◽

10.1002/ajmg.b.31172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 370-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Pamela Belmonte Mahon ◽

Mehdi Pirooznia ◽

Fernando S. Goes ◽

Fayaz Seifuddin ◽

Jo Steele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Genome Wide Association Analysis ◽

Genome Wide

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Phenomenology associated with age at onset in patients with bipolar disorder at their first psychiatric hospitalization

Bipolar Disorders ◽

10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00247.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 91-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Nick C Patel ◽

Melissa P DelBello ◽

Paul E Keck ◽

Stephen M Strakowski

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽

Age At Onset

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Is sex important? Gender differences in bipolar disorder

International Review of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/09540261.2010.514601 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 437-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Arianna Diflorio ◽

Ian Jones

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Bipolar Disorder

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Age at onset, course of illness and response to psychotherapy in bipolar disorder: results from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714000804 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (16) ◽

pp. 3455-3467 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Peters ◽

L. G. Sylvia ◽

P. V. da Silva Magalhães ◽

D. J. Miklowitz ◽

E. Frank ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Collaborative Care ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Number Needed To Treat ◽

Systematic Treatment ◽

Illness Duration ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Intensive Psychotherapy

Background.The course of bipolar disorder progressively worsens in some patients. Although responses to pharmacotherapy appear to diminish with greater chronicity, less is known about whether patients' prior courses of illness are related to responses to psychotherapy.Method.Embedded in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) was a randomized controlled trial of psychotherapy for bipolar depression comparing the efficacy of intensive psychotherapy with collaborative care (a three-session psycho-educational intervention). We assessed whether the number of previous mood episodes, age of illness onset, and illness duration predicted or moderated the likelihood of recovery and time until recovery from a depressive episode in patients in the two treatments.Results.Independently of treatment condition, participants with one to nine prior depressive episodes were more likely to recover and had faster time to recovery than those with 20 or more prior depressive episodes. Participants with fewer than 20 prior manic episodes had faster time to recovery than those with 20 or more episodes. Longer illness duration predicted a longer time to recovery. Participants were more likely to recover in intensive psychotherapy than collaborative care if they had 10–20 prior episodes of depression [number needed to treat (NNT) = 2.0], but equally likely to respond to psychotherapy and collaborative care if they had one to nine (NNT = 32.0) or >20 (NNT = 9.0) depressive episodes.Conclusions.Number of previous mood episodes and illness duration are associated with the likelihood and speed of recovery among bipolar patients receiving psychosocial treatments for depression.

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Quality of life in bipolar disorders compared to schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71941-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 231-231

Author(s):

L. Zouari ◽

I. Abida ◽

M. Walha ◽

J. Masmoudi ◽

J. Ben Thabet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Short Form ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Subscale Score ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionThe classic opinion of a favorable prognosis of bipolar disorders, compared to schizophrenia, is refuted by modern conceptions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) in bipolar patients compared to schizophrenic patients’, and to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables statistically associated to a poor QOL in bipolar disorder patients.MethodsOne hundred and twenty outpatients, 50 with bipolar disorder and 70 with schizophrenia, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, were included in the study. The QOL has been assessed, in all patients, using the «36 item Short-Form Health Survey» (SF-36).ResultsThirty-six percent of the bipolar patients had a poor QOL, versus 37% among the schizophrenic patients. The bipolar patients had the score of the standardized vitality subscale significantly lower than schizophrenic patients’ (p = 0.036); the latter had the standardized general health subscale score significantly lower (p = 0.03). There were no other statistically significant differences. The multivariate analyses showed three variables significantly correlated to a poor QOL in bipolar patients: age at the time of the study ≥ 40 years (p = 0.01), professional irregularity or inactivity (p = 0.005), age at onset ≥ 25 years (p = 0.004).ConclusionOur survey of the QOL in bipolar patients showed that it did not differ globally from the schizophrenic patients’, with the SF-36 scale. Results reported in the literature are not in agreement. Further longitudinal studies on several months, with other assessments, would permit to verify the validity of our results.

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Early and Late Onset Bipolar Disorders in Older Adults

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S211-S211

Author(s):

N. Smaoui ◽

L. Zouari ◽

N. Charfi ◽

M. Maâlej-Bouali ◽

N. Zouari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Early Onset ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Medical Diagnoses ◽

The Mean ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionAge of onset of illness may be useful in explaining the heterogeneity among older bipolar patients.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of age of onset with clinical, demographic and behavioral variables, in older patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, including 24 patients suffering from bipolar disorders, aged 65 years or more and followed-up in outpatient psychiatry unit at Hedi Chaker university hospital in Sfax in Tunisia. We used a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical data. Age of onset was split at age 40 years into early-onset (< 40 years; n = 12) and late-onset (≥ 40 years; n = 12) groups.ResultsThe mean age for the entire sample was 68.95 years. The mean age of onset was 39.95 years. The majority (60%) of patients were diagnosed with bipolar I. Few meaningful differences emerged between early-onset and late-onset groups, except that tobacco use was significantly higher in the late-onset group (66.6% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.027). No significant differences between the early-onset and late-onset groups were seen on demographic variables, family history and number of medical diagnoses or presence of psychotic features.ConclusionOur study found few meaningful behavioral differences between early versus late age at onset in older adults with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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MTHFR Gene Polymorphism and Age of Onset of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/318483 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mohamed A. El-Hadidy ◽

Hanaa M. Abdeen ◽

Sherin M. Abd El-Aziz ◽

Mohammad Al-Harrass

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Mthfr C677t ◽

Control Group ◽

C677t Polymorphism ◽

Mthfr C677t Polymorphism ◽

Mthfr Gene Polymorphism

Objective. Several studies with contradictory results from different cultures about association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Little is known about this association in Arab culture and Egypt. So the present study aimed to assess the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia in comparison to control group. The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the age at onset in schizophrenia or BD was also studied.Methods. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to examine the genotype and allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in 149 healthy subjects and 134 bipolar and 103 schizophrenia patients.Results. In BD and schizophrenia, there was a higher prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism than healthy subjects. Earlier age at onset was found in patients with BD, carrying one copy of the T allele or CT genotypes but not in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion. The present findings suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphisms are likely to be associated with the risk of developing BD and schizophrenia and influence the age at onset of BD but not the age at onset of schizophrenia.

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