Modification of Heritability for Educational Attainment and Fluid Intelligence by Socioeconomic Deprivation in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
pp. appi.ajp.2020.2
Author(s):  
Mathias Rask-Andersen ◽  
Torgny Karlsson ◽  
Weronica E. Ek ◽  
Åsa Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Race, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a National Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddh P. Patel ◽  
Manish D. Paranjpe ◽  
Nina P. Kathiresan ◽  
Manuel A. Rivas ◽  
Amit V. Khera
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Biologic Factors

Preliminary reports suggest that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVIDâ^’19) pandemic has led to disproportionate morbidity and mortality among historically disadvantaged populations. The extent to which these disparities are related to socioeconomic versus biologic factors is largely unknown. We investigate the racial and socioeconomic associations of COVIDâ^’19 hospitalization among 418,794 participants of the UK Biobank, of whom 549 (0.13%) had been hospitalized. Both black participants (odds ratio 3.4; 95%CI 2.4â^’4.9) and Asian participants (odds ratio 2.1; 95%CI 1.5â^’3.2) were at substantially increased risk as compared to white participants. We further observed a striking gradient in COVIDâ^’19 hospitalization rates according to the Townsend Deprivation Index â^’ a composite measure of socioeconomic deprivation â^’ and household income. Adjusting for such factors led to only modest attenuation of the increased risk in black participants, adjusted odds ratio 3.1 (95%CI 2.0â^’4.8). These observations confirm and extend earlier preliminary and lay press reports of higher morbidity in non-white individuals in the context of a large population of participants in a national biobank. The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study.

The Effect of Socioeconomic Deprivation on the Association between an Extended Lifestyle Score and Health Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Foster ◽  
Carlos A. Celis-Morales ◽  
Barbara I. Nicholl ◽  
Fanny Petermann ◽  
Jill P. Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Genetic Predisposition, and Cognitive Function in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1090
Author(s):  
Christina-Alexandra Schulz ◽  
Leonie Weinhold ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Ute Nöthlings ◽  
Marcus M Nöthen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract Objectives Elucidating the role of dietary intake in cognitive function, and neurodegenerative disease development is important for prevention. The Mediterranean diet has shown to be beneficial for cognitive function and prevention of neurodegenerative disease. Yet, evidence for other dietary patterns are inconclusive. Since heritability of cognitive functions is substantial, a beneficial diet might mitigate genetic disposition. Therefore, we investigate if dietary patterns are associated with general cognitive function, considering individual genetic disposition. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource. Methods At baseline, participants reported the frequency of consumption of main foods via a dietary touchscreen questionnaire and filled in a verbal-numerical reasoning (VNR) test, which measures fluid intelligence. A diet score including 7 components: vegetables, fruit, fish, processed meat, unprocessed meat, whole grain, and refined grain was constructed. Participants were categorized into a low (0–1), intermediate (2–5), and high (6–7) diet score. A polygenic score (PGS), previously associated in GWAS with general cognitive function, was constructed. Participants were categorized into low (Quintile 1), intermediate (Q 2–4), and high (Q 5) PGS group. Linear regression was used to test whether the diet score associates with fluid intelligence, and to test if genetic predisposition modifies the association. Results The mean diet score of the 104,898 participants (46% male, mean age 57.1 (SD 8.0) years) was 3.9 (SD 1.4) points. In the VNR-test on average 6.1 (SD 2.1) questions were answered correctly. After multivariate adjustment a positive association between fluid intelligence and the PGS (P < 0.001), but no association between fluid intelligence and the diet score (P = 0.703) was observed. When stratified according to PGS groups, similar results were observed for the association between fluid intelligence and the diet score. Conclusions No evidence was found that the investigated diet score was associated with fluid intelligence. As previously reported, genetic disposition was strongly associated with cognitive performance. Funding Sources This work was partly supported by Diet–Body–Brain (DietBB), the Competence Cluster in Nutrition Research funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ: 01EA1410A).

scholarly journals The Shared Genetic Basis of Educational Attainment and Cerebral Cortical Morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3471-3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ge ◽  
Chia-Yen Chen ◽  
Alysa E Doyle ◽  
Richard Vettermann ◽  
Lauri J Tuominen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cortical Morphology ◽  
Shared Genetic

Abstract Individual differences in educational attainment are linked to differences in intelligence, and predict important social, economic, and health outcomes. Previous studies have found common genetic factors that influence educational achievement, cognitive performance and total brain volume (i.e., brain size). Here, in a large sample of participants from the UK Biobank, we investigate the shared genetic basis between educational attainment and fine-grained cerebral cortical morphological features, and associate this genetic variation with a related aspect of cognitive ability. Importantly, we execute novel statistical methods that enable high-dimensional genetic correlation analysis, and compute high-resolution surface maps for the genetic correlations between educational attainment and vertex-wise morphological measurements. We conduct secondary analyses, using the UK Biobank verbal–numerical reasoning score, to confirm that variation in educational attainment that is genetically correlated with cortical morphology is related to differences in cognitive performance. Our analyses relate the genetic overlap between cognitive ability and cortical thickness measurements to bilateral primary motor cortex as well as predominantly left superior temporal cortex and proximal regions. These findings extend our understanding of the neurobiology that connects genetic variation to individual differences in educational attainment and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals The Shared Genetic Basis of Educational Attainment and Cerebral Cortical Morphology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ge ◽  
Chia-Yen Chen ◽  
Alysa E. Doyle ◽  
Richard Vettermann ◽  
Lauri J. Tuominen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cortical Morphology ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractIndividual differences in educational attainment are linked to differences in intelligence, and predict important social, economic and health outcomes. Previous studies have found common genetic factors that influence educational achievement, cognitive performance and total brain volume (i.e., brain size). Here, in a large sample of participants from the UK Biobank, we investigate the shared genetic basis between educational attainment and fine-grained cerebral cortical morphological features, and associate this genetic variation with a related aspect of cognitive ability. Importantly, we execute novel statistical methods that enable high-dimensional genetic correlation analysis, and compute high-resolution surface maps for the genetic correlations between educational attainment and vertex-wise morphological measurements. We conduct secondary analyses, using the UK Biobank verbal-numerical reasoning score, to confirm that variation in educational attainment that is genetically correlated with cortical morphology is related to differences in cognitive performance. Our analyses reveal the genetic overlap between cognitive ability and cortical thickness measurements in bilateral primary motor cortex and predominantly left superior temporal cortex and proximal regions. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology that connects genetic variation to individual differences in educational attainment and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Adopted and Nonadopted Individuals Reveals Gene–Environment Interplay for Education in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cheesman ◽  
Avina Hunjan ◽  
Jonathan R. I. Coleman ◽  
Yasmin Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk

Polygenic scores now explain approximately 10% of the variation in educational attainment. However, they capture not only genetic propensity but also information about the family environment. This is because of passive gene–environment correlation, whereby the correlation between offspring and parent genotypes results in an association between offspring genotypes and the rearing environment. We measured passive gene–environment correlation using information on 6,311 adoptees in the UK Biobank. Adoptees’ genotypes were less correlated with their rearing environments because they did not share genes with their adoptive parents. We found that polygenic scores were twice as predictive of years of education in nonadopted individuals compared with adoptees ( R2s = .074 vs. .037, p = 8.23 × 10−24). Individuals in the lowest decile of polygenic scores for education attained significantly more education if they were adopted, possibly because of educationally supportive adoptive environments. Overall, these results suggest that genetic influences on education are mediated via the home environment.

scholarly journals Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Bolun Cheng ◽  
Xiaomeng Chu ◽  
Xuena Yang ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Yumeng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.

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