scholarly journals A Critical Review of Environmental Conservation in Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Mawere
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Environmental Anthropology ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Indigenous Epistemologies ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Indigenous Conservation ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Border Thinking

The discourse on “environmental conservation” is highly dynamic and has generated controversies of epic proportions in conservation sciences and environmental anthropology. Given the nebulous nature of conservation, coupled with the varying interpretations evoked by the deployment of the concept across different disciplines, a more robust understanding of the notion calls into question its practical manifestations and application in particular situated contexts – particularly within the conservation sciences and environmental anthropology. In Zimbabwe, conservation by the state has tended to favour and privilege Western scientific models at the expense of the “indigenous” conservation practices of local people, as informed by their indigenous epistemologies. This paper thus represents an attempt to rethink conservation in Zimbabwe, adopting the Norumedzo communal area in south-eastern Zimbabwe as its case study. The choice of Norumedzo is based on the fact that this is one area where the highly esteemed and delicious harurwa (edible stink bugs, Encosternum delegorguei) are found. As a result of these insects being valued as “actors” and the appreciation shown to both Western and indigenous epistemologies, conservation in the area has enjoyed considerable success. To this end, this paper lends support to the arguments of Walter Mignolo and Ramon Grosfoguel in their advocacy for critical border thinking in issues of knowledge regarding environmental conservation.

scholarly journals Operations Scheduling of Sugarcane Production Using Classical GERT Method (Part I: Land Preparation, Planting and Preserve Operations)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nasim Monjezi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Sheikhdavoodi ◽  
Hasan Zakidizaji ◽  
Afshin Marzban ◽  
Mahmood Shomeili
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Operations Scheduling ◽  
Gert Networks

Analysis and evaluation of agricultural systems use these criteria: energy, economic, agronomy, environmental conservation and time. Because of time importance indicator for reducing timeliness cost, project scheduling techniques are used. Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is widely used as a tool for managing projects. In this research GERT Networks were used and operations scheduling of sugarcane production (land preparation, planting and preserve operations) in Khuzestan province of Iran as a case study was analysed, by using WinQsb software. Critical activities, events and path were determined. The earliest project completion time is 214.03 days. The results show a high potential for operations scheduling of sugarcane production.

Prestige, taboo, and sustainability: predicting wildlife population trajectories in indigenous commerce

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark. S. Monson ◽  
Paul Alan Cox
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Wildlife Population ◽  
Indigenous Conservation ◽  
Optimal Foraging Strategy ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Extinction Model ◽  
Over Exploitation

Commercial traffic in plants and animals has led to severe declines for some species, while others have experienced few if any negative impacts. Given the uncertainty regarding which species are likely to be adversely affected by monetized trade, it would be useful to have a model that could predict wildlife population trajectories of wild-gathered species subsequent to commercialization. We suggest that the indigenous conservation strategy of "taboo" offers important insights into identifying species that are susceptible to over-exploitation through commercial traffic. We describe an economic conservation/extinction model based on the dual concepts of taboo and optimal foraging strategy and examine the model through a detailed case study of vulnerability to perturbation in the case of commercial traffic in Pacific island flying foxes. We suggest that tile virtual eradication of flying foxes from the island of Guam during the Twentieth Century resulted from a cultural predilection among the indigenous Chamorro people for consuming flying foxes coupled with the cultural loss of the traditional taboo conservation system on the island.

Environmental area conservation through urban planning: case study in Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Kasphia Nahrin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Content Type

Purpose There are some environmentally critical areas (ECAs) in cities such as flood flow areas, agricultural land, canals, rivers, water bodies, forests and hills that need to be conserved from land transformation. The purpose of this paper is to review the compliance, challenges and significance of urban planning, and to develop a contextual framework of urban planning for environmental area conservation to improve the urban environment in case study city Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a qualitative thematic analysis of the available relevant literature. Findings This research identified non-compliance of the contemporary urban plans such as indiscriminate land conversion activities in the ECAs. Conflicting interests between the urban plans concerning protection of the conservation areas and business interests of the community people and the real estate development companies are identified as the major challenges. Dhaka faces several environmental problems such as loss of biodiversity and ecosystem, waterlogging, flooding, pollution, reduction of vegetation, groundwater depletion, temperature increase and a reduction in agriculture and fishing because of land conversion in the ECAs. Practical implications Urban planning with effective conservation area management, conflict resolution through communication and participation, creation of economic opportunity to generate income from the ECAs and assessment of the conservation strategies and interventions might ensure environmental conservation in Dhaka. Originality/value The conceptual framework of urban planning for environmental conservation is innovative as this could be a basis for other cities in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.

Science and politics in the regulation of human embryonic stem-cell research in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Mitre ◽  
Bruno P.W. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Embryo Research ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Hesc Research ◽  
Supernumerary Embryos

This case study deals with the regulation of human embryonic stem-cell (hESC) research in Brazil. It aims to analyze the process that led to the authorization, in 2005, of the use of stem cells obtained from so-called supernumerary embryos for purposes of research and therapy. We argue that the pro-research lobby in Brazil had considerable success because it framed the issue by referring to Brazil’s peculiar policy background in the fields of assisted reproduction and embryo research. Moreover, this group of actors strategically avoided associating hESC research with abortion, highlighting the humanitarian aspects of this kind of research, rather than the motto of freedom of scientific research. Finally, it was able to rely on the judgment of a fairly progressive Supreme Court, which was also sensitive to public opinion at a time of ‘court activism’ or the ‘judicialization of politics’ in Brazil.

Wells, Land, and History

2015 ◽  
pp. 322-344
Author(s):  
Karl-Johan Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communal Area

Historical ecology has resulted in an increased engagement by archaeologists in present-day discussions concerned with environmental change, local livelihoods, and sustainable rural development. This chapter discusses the pastoral land-use history of the Eastern Communal Area in north-eastern Namibia, southern Africa, and argues that the lack of a detailed historical analysis of the current land organization has resulted in a rather static image of people and land-use in this area. This in turn has fed into current rural development efforts, which seem to reinforce a colonial heritage. Hence, the main objective of the case study is to situate current discussions concerning rural development and conservation efforts in eastern Namibia in a historically rooted landscape. The chapter exemplifies how archaeology in combination with a landscape approach can contribute to a better understanding of the processes that have shaped the present setting of rural development efforts.

scholarly journals Bridging the research-management gap in environmental conservation: A case study from Andalusia, southern Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Rodríguez -Rodríguez, D ◽  
Abdul -Malak, D ◽  
Schröder , C ◽  
McGlade , K ◽  
Pascual , D
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Southern Spain

scholarly journals Imeum Mukim Advocacy in Prevention of Environmental Pollution in Aceh Jaya According to Customary and Islamic Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Mahdi Syahbandir ◽  
Dahlawi MAZ ◽  
Wais Alqarni ◽  
Munawwarah Samad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Village

This study aims to discuss the advocacy of imeum mukim in preventing environmental pollution in Aceh Jaya according to customary and Islamic law. The research is an empirical legal study, while the research approach is a case study approach, which is a study that analyzes a particular case. The theory used is the role and authority theory associated with customary and Islamic law. This study concludes that imeum mukim has a vital role and authority in Acehnese society because imuem mukim can resolve cases at the mukim level if it is unresolved at the village level. Then Imeum Mukim in Aceh Jaya has been advocating and socializing the prevention of environmental pollution by revitalizing customary rules, making qanuns at the mukim and village levels that accommodate the protection of the environment, for example, maintaining watersheds and prohibiting logging, including protecting certain animals. In addition, Imuem Mukim can also encourage CSR funds from companies to assist orphans, the poor, and environmental conservation. Furthermore, environmental pollution in the perspective of customary law is accommodated in customary rules and prohibitions. This is because customary law has philosophical, juridical, and sociological powers that have become living law. Meanwhile, in the perspective of the Islamic law that polluting the environment is a prohibition that brings God's wrath, it also destroys environmental sustainability and human benefit in general. On the other hand, preserving the environment is an obligation humans must carry out.

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