scholarly journals The Roots of Reciprocity: Gratitude and Reputation in Generalized Exchange Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Simpson ◽  
Ashley Harrell ◽  
David Melamed ◽  
Nicholas Heiserman ◽  
Daniela V. Negraia
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Generalized Exchange

Social scientists often study the flow of material and social support as generalized exchange systems. These systems are associated with an array of benefits to groups and communities, but their existence is problematic, because individuals may be motivated to take from the system without giving back to it. Researchers have identified two broad processes governing prosociality in generalized exchange systems: generalized reciprocity (a person who receives help from someone pays it forward by helping a third person) and indirect reciprocity (a person who helps another establishes a prosocial reputation and, as a consequence, later receives help from a third person). Although generalized exchange systems can be based on either process, generalized and indirect reciprocity are based on different mechanisms and, with few exceptions, have been investigated independently. Here we present an integrated approach to generalized exchange that (1) specifies when each process is most likely to promote prosocial behavior, (2) details the implications for resource inequalities in generalized exchange systems, and (3) describes how generalized and indirect reciprocity jointly influence prosocial behavior. Results from four new experiments strongly support the theoretical arguments.

scholarly journals The Influence of Social Support on the Prosocial Behavior of College Students: The Mediating Effect based on Interpersonal Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

A sample of 720 college students from 10 different universities at the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center are investigated using the Social Support Scale, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Interpersonal Trust Scale. Data are analyzed using SPSS20.0 and Amos7.0. Results show that the subjective support and support utilization of college students directly influences prosocial behavior, and indirectly affects prosocial behavior through the influence of emotional trust and quality trust. Additionally, interpersonal trust plays an intermediary role in the influence of social support on pro-social behavior.

scholarly journals Perceived causes of relapse among a sample of recovering psychiatric patients at a Mafikeng hospital

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mwaba ◽  
R.B. Molamu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Research Data ◽  
North West ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
Close Family

The aim of the present study was to identify factors that are perceived by recovering psychiatric patients as contributing to their relapse. The participants were a convenient sample of out-patients at a psychiatric hospital in Mafikeng, north west South Africa. The sample consisted of 15 males and 15 females, aged 18 to GO years (mean age = 38.7 years). The research data was collected using a questionnaire and non-structured interview. The results showed that 43 percent of the patients attributed their relapse to inability to adhere to prescribed medical intervention. Patients also attributed relapse to lack of social support (20 percent), grief following the loss of a close family member (20 percent), and lack of employment (17 percent). It is recommended that a more integrated approach aimed at providing effective social support be considered in relapse prevention.

Indirect Reciprocity for Mitigating Intergroup Hostility: A Vignette Experiment and an Agent-based Model on Intergroup Relations between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200272096220
Author(s):  
Yen-Sheng Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
The One ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Social scientists have proposed myriad solutions for mitigating intergroup conflicts. While the literature, such as studies on intergroup contact theory, focuses on intergroup relations, we argue that it is important not to ignore intragroup relations that may benefit or undermine the improvement of intergroup relations at the same time. In this paper, we investigate a typology of eight mechanisms for the behavior of intergroup and intragroup relations. Specifically, we focused on interactions in a triad consisting of an actor paired up with two alters—one ingroup and one outgroup. The triadic network enabled us to theorize and test how intergroup and intragroup relations coevolve. We conducted a vignette experiment to test the intergroup relationship between mainland Chinese and Taiwanese. We found strong evidence for one mechanism for improving intergroup hostility: indirect reciprocity—people rewarded the outgroup for behaving friendly to their ingroup peers. Using agent-based simulation, we predicted that the triadic effect found in the one-shot experiment can continuously improve and stabilize intergroup relations over time.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence and Prosocial Behavior in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Wang ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Weichen Wang ◽  
Chao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and prosocial behavior (PSB) and constructed a model for their interaction by examining the mediating effect of social support (SS) and the moderating effect of self-esteem (SE) in this relationship. A total of 742 college students aged from 18 to 20 in Northeast China (Mage =19.42 ± 0.53 years) completed a survey measuring the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Prosocial Tendencies Measurement Scale—Chinese Version, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that: (1) EI positively predicted PSB; (2) SS partially mediated the relationship between EI and PSB; and (3) SE moderated the direct effect of EI on PSB and the relationship between SS and PSB. That is, when the SE of college students was higher, the effect of SS in promoting PSB was enhanced. Therefore, our results suggested that under the influence of both internal and external factors, there is an indirect effect of EI on PSB. This finding may potentially provide a theoretical basis for designing college students' mental health courses and cultivating PSB in college.

scholarly journals ConservePlants: An integrated approach to conservation of threatened plants for the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živa Fišer ◽  
Giovanna Aronne ◽  
Tsipe Aavik ◽  
Meleksen Akin ◽  
Paraskevi Alizoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Plant Taxonomy ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Species Declines

Even though plants represent an essential part of our lives offering exploitational, supporting and cultural services, we know very little about the biology of the rarest and most threatened plant species, and even less about their conservation status. Rapid changes in the environment and climate, today more pronounced than ever, affect their fitness and distribution causing rapid species declines, sometimes even before they had been discovered. Despite the high goals set by conservationists to protect native plants from further degradation and extinction, the initiatives for the conservation of threatened species in Europe are scattered and have not yielded the desired results. The main aim of this Action is to improve plant conservation in Europe through the establishment of a network of scientists and other stakeholders who deal with different aspects of plant conservation, from plant taxonomy, ecology, conservation genetics, conservation physiology and reproductive biology to protected area's managers, not forgetting social scientists, who are crucial when dealing with the general public.

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