Goblet Cell Population in the Pathological Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube of Children and Adults

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tos ◽  
K. Bak-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

On 64 temporal bones from slightly abnormal and pathological prematures and newborn infants, children, and adults, 35,000–40,000 counts of goblet cells were done in different parts of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. The goblet cells were present in all Eustachian tubes and middle ear areas. In ears previously exposed to infection the density was slightly increased in the tubal orifice and in most parts of the middle ear. In subacute and acute pathological actions, especially tubal occlusion, and in chronic diseases, such as active chronic otitis and in secretory otitis media, the goblet-cell density is appreciably increased.

Distribution and Density of Goblet Cells in the Normal Adult Human Middle Ear

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bak-Pedersen ◽  
M. Tos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Normal Series ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

The purpose of this study was to map the distribution and density of goblet cells in the clinically normal middle ear. From 12 temporal bones, derived from 12 adult patients with clinically normal middle ears, the mucosa was prepared and stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method. In six of the patients the middle ears with meticulous gross and microscopic investigation showed mild sequelae of previous otitis media, called the slightly abnormal series, whereas the other six patients who had entirely normal middle ears were designated the normal series. Each middle ear was investigated in 12 different areas: tympanic orifice, hypotympanum anteriorly and posteriorly, round window niche, oval window niche, promontory anteriorly, in the middle, and posteriorly, epitympanum, antrum, and mastoid process. In each middle ear area the goblet-cell density and distribution were determined on the basis of 30 to 50 counts of 0.01768 mm2 epithelial surface, a total of at least 4800 counts. In six patients goblet cells were found in all 12 areas, in three patients in 11, and in three patients in 10. In both series there was a distinct decrease in goblet-cell density from the tympanic orifice, towards the posterior areas of the middle ear and the mastoid process. However, two patients of the slightly abnormal series exhibited a considerably greater density in the posterior than in the anterior part of the hypotympanum. The mean goblet-cell density in the slightly abnormal series was distinctly greater in all middle ear areas than in the normal series. Correspondingly, goblet cells were demonstrated in the antrum and mastoid process in all patients of the slightly abnormal series, but in only half of the normal series. Therefore, the greater goblet-cell density in the slightly abnormal series presumaby results from a previous past disease condition of the middle ear.

Production of Mucus in the Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (11_suppl) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Marked Individual ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

On the basis of quantitative studies of the mucus elements in 144 temporal bones and more than 5,000 biopsies the mucus producing capacity of the mucosa in the middle ear and Eustachian tube under normal conditions as well as in acute and chronic middle ear diseases is reviewed. In completely normal middle ears there was a very low goblet cell density and no mucous glands. Production of mucus does take place, but it is very slight. In acute conditions the goblet cell density in the Eustachian tube and middle ear increases, and metaplastic changes of the mucosa may occur, with formation of subepithelial and intraepithelial mucous glands. In chronic diseases, such as secretory otitis, there is a high gland and goblet cell density, which explains the increased production of mucus. In adhesive otitis the gland density is great, it is true, but most glands have become inactive and have degenerated. In chronic suppurative otitis, cholesteatoma, and sequelae to chronic otitis the goblet cell and gland density is moderately increased, but there are very marked individual variations which explain the great difference in the production of mucus. In active chronic diseases the mucus elements may increase enormously, and the mucus producing capacity of the epithelium may reach the heights of that of the respiratory mucosa.

Goblet Cell Population in the Normal Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube of Children and Adults

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tos ◽  
K. Bak-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Age Range

On 54 temporal bones from entirely normal prematures and newborn infants, children, and adults, 30,000 to 90,000 counts of goblet cells were done in different parts of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. In the Eustachian tube, normal prematures showed a very low density of goblet cells in all localities, increasing in the pharyngeal parts gradually through childhood and reaching in the normal adult a very high density in the pharyngeal orifice. There are no differences in density between the medial and lateral wall, but in some parts a decrease of density towards the tubal roof. In the middle ear the density is low in normal prematures, increasing slightly in infants, and decreasing again during the age range 7–14 years and in adults. Goblet cells are present in all middle-ear localities, but in markedly decreasing density in this sequence: hypotympanum anteriorly, posteriorly, promontory anteriorly, in the middle, epitympanum, niche of oval window, antrum, niche of round window, mastoid process, incus, and promontory posteriorly.

Penicillin Reduces Eustachian Tube Gland Tissue Changes in Acute Otitis Media

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Andersen ◽  
Jens Thomsen ◽  
Per Cayé-Thomasen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Mucous Gland ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

Objective: The volume of the mucous paratubal glands and the number of the mucus-producing goblet cells in the middle ear and Eustachian tube (ET) are increased after experimental acute otitis media (AOM). The present investigation examines a potential effect of penicillin on the changes in goblet cell density and gland structures of the ET during and after AOM. Study Design: Middle ear inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in 50 rats. Two days later, 25 rats were given penicillin V as one daily dose for 5 days. Twenty-five rats received no treatment. Five animals from each group were sacrificed on days 4, 8, 16, 90, and 180. The ET was dissected and decalcified, followed by paraffin embedding, serial transverse sectioning, and PAS/alcian blue staining. The goblet cell density and the paratubal gland composition and volume were determined in every 20th section, using a light microscope. Results: Penicillin reduced the increase of goblet cell density from day 8 and through 6 months, whereas the increase of the paratubal mucous gland volume was unaffected by treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that penicillin reduces the increase of ET goblet cell density during and after acute otitis media, whereas the paratubal gland volume remains unaffected. An increased mucosal secretory capacity and indicated excessive secretion of mucus may contribute to the deteriorated ET function found after AOM and thus predispose, sustain, or aggravate middle ear disease. This may be prevented by penicillin treatment.

scholarly journals Tear Ferning Test and Pathological Effects on Ocular Surface before and after Topical Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marcella Nebbioso ◽  
Marta Sacchetti ◽  
Guia Bianchi ◽  
Anna Maria Zicari ◽  
Marzia Duse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tear Ferning Test ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

Background. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare ocular surface inflammatory disease that affects mainly boys in the first decade of life. Clinical observations show that it generally regresses spontaneously with the onset of puberty, but therapeutic measures must be taken before then to control the course of the disease. Purpose.To evaluate the role of the lacrimal mucous component in VKC patients and compare tear ferning test (TFT) modifications, MUC5AC levels in tears, and density of conjunctival goblet cells to clinical characteristics before and after treatment with cyclosporine A (CY) in eye drops. Methods. Forty-seven patients affected by VKC and 30 healthy subjects aged between 3 and 16 years of life were enrolled. All individuals were submitted to complete eye examination and skin prick test (SPT) for the most common allergens. Then, they were subjected to collection of the tears and to impression cytology to evaluate TFT, MUC5AC levels, and conjunctival goblet cell density, before and after treatment with CY in eye drops. Results. Comparing the VKC group vs. the control group at baseline, a significant alteration in the degree of the ferns was found, indicating a pathological condition of the lacrimal mucous layer. In addition, an increased number of goblet cells were observed in the patients. The concentration of lacrimal secretory mucins (MUC5AC) did not show significant differences between the 2 groups. Patients treated with CY have reported improvements of some signs and symptoms of disease activity, including TFT, and a tendency of conjunctival goblet cell density to normalise. Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrated for the first time a significant alteration of the lacrimal mucin component evaluated in the VKC group, and an improvement of the latter after CY therapy.

Eustachian Tube Lumen: Comparison between Normal and Inflamed Specimens

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Sadé ◽  
Michal Luntz
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tube Lumen ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones

This study presents measurements of the cross-sectional luminal area of the eustachian tube. Comparisons are made between the lumens of eustachian tubes obtained from temporal bones presenting acute or secretory otitis media and those from noninflamed temporal bones. The material consisted of 71 temporal bones obtained postmortem from individuals up to 2 years of age. Forty-six of these showed no middle ear inflammation, while 25 presented either acute or secretory otitis media. In both groups the lumens of all the eustachian tubes were patent, presenting no obstruction. The mean cross-sectional area of the lumens of inflamed temporal bones was smaller than that of the noninflamed ones. This difference was not found to be statistically significant in the cartilaginous regions and was found to be statistically significant or borderline significant in the bony parts of the eustachian tube.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Experimental Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Dogs: Cornea and Bulbar Conjunctiva

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kern ◽  
H. N. Erb ◽  
J. M. Schaedler ◽  
E. P. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Dark Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was produced experimentally in 16 beagles by bilateral surgical removal of the lacrimal and nictitans glands; four dogs were not treated, and 12 received tear-replacement therapy on post-operative days 7 through 28. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was verified by reduction in Schirmer tear test values by post-operative day 6, and there was no response on day 28 to tear-replacement therapy. Corneas of both normal and tear-deficient dogs had polygonal squamous epithelial cells of light and dark electron density by scanning electron microscopy. Light cells had more microvilli and microplicae than dark cells. Conjunctivae were similar to corneas, except for numerous goblet cells on the surface. Corneal dark-cell density and goblet cell density were not different between groups. Goblet cells most often occurred singly in normal dogs, while they were in clusters in tear-deficient dogs. A hypothesis that petrolatum/mineral oil ointment should provide more effective artificial tear replacement than hydroxymethylcellulose drops for tear-deficient dogs could not be confirmed by objective analysis of corneal dark-cell density or conjunctival goblet cell density.

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