Experimental Stapedectomy

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Temporalis Fascia ◽  
In Series ◽  
Temporal Bones

This animal experimental study (144 cats) was designed to allow observation of the healing processes at the oval window following stapedectomy during the first two postoperative weeks. The first 61 animals (Series I) had no oval window cover except for a blood clot which might form spontaneously. The second 64 animals (Series II) had Gelfoam® as a cover to the oval window following stapedectomy. A third series of 19 animals had temporalis fascia used as the oval window cover, and these ears were studied histologically for up to nine weeks. The unoperated ear acted as a control for the operated ear in all animals and after the animals were killed, both temporal bones were decalcified, imbedded in celloidin, serially sectioned at 20μ, and every tenth section stained and mounted for histologic study. It was observed that oval window closure was effected by endosteal, periosteal, and fibrous tissue proliferation from the traumatized tissues about the oval window fenestra, and that this process was facilitated by the presence of some type of scaffolding material such as a blood clot or Gelfoam®. Temporalis fascia placed in the oval window was observed to be rapidly incorporated into a much thicker oval window neomembrane and to seal the fenestra promptly. Partial removal of the footplate also facilitated more rapid closure of the smaller oval window fenestra, but fibrous tissue and new bone formation was noted to form about bony fragments still attached at the oval window level. Free bony fragments within the vestibule were not observed to stimulate new bone formation. Suppuration was observed most frequently in Series I (no oval window cover), with 67.8% of these animals having some degree of otitis media. In Series II (Gelfoam® cover) 20.6% had otitis media, and in Series III (temporalis fascia) 21% had middle ear infection. Suppuration markedly impaired but did not completely prevent the oval window reparative processes. Animals having some type of oval window cover were noted to have a lesser incidence of suppurative labyrinthine involvement when otitis media was present. Other labyrinthine complications were observed, including endolymphatic hydrops, Wittmaack's hypotonic atrophy, as well as RBC, fibrin, and albuminous precipitates in the labyrinth. Hypotonic atrophy was observed in a high incidence of animals having rupture of one or more endolymphatic structures, suggesting a mechanical mechanism as one possible explanation for this condition. Hypotonic atrophy may represent the end-stage (collapse) in the fluctuant endolymphatic ballooning of hydrops which is seen when saccular or Reissner's membrane ruptures have occurred.

scholarly journals Histopathology of the Human Inner Ear in the Cogan Syndrome with Cochlear Implantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Kamakura ◽  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Barbara S. Herrmann ◽  
Joseph B. Nadol Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Cogan Syndrome ◽  
Interstitial Keratitis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Temporal Bones

The Cogan syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and audiovestibular symptoms. Profound sensorineural hearing loss has been reported in approximately half of the patients with the Cogan syndrome resulting in candidacy for cochlear implantation in some patients. The current study is the first histopathologic report on the temporal bones of a patient with the Cogan syndrome who during life underwent bilateral cochlear implantation. Preoperative MRI revealed tissue with high density in the basal turns of both cochleae and both vestibular systems consistent with fibrous tissue due to labyrinthitis. Histopathology demonstrated fibrous tissue and new bone formation within the cochlea and vestibular apparatus, worse on the right. Severe degeneration of the vestibular end organs and new bone formation in the labyrinth were seen more on the right than on the left. Although severe bilateral degeneration of the spiral ganglion neurons was seen, especially on the right, the postoperative word discrimination score was between 50 and 60% bilaterally. Impedance measures were generally higher in the right ear, possibly related to more fibrous tissue and new bone found in the scala tympani on the right side.

Multiple Otopathologic Disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Patricia A. Schachern ◽  
Marcos V. Goycoolea
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Temporal Bones

Temporal bones (1,383) from 713 patients were studied systematically for multiple pathologic lesions. Eleven percent (152 temporal bones) were found to have more than one pathologic finding. Males (60.5%) had multiple diseases more commonly than did females (37.7%). The most frequently occurring findings were otitis media (71.1%), otosclerosis (43.4%), endolymphatic hydrops (38.8%), labyrinthitis (25.0%), and cancer (24.3%). We conclude that multiple coexisting pathologic conditions can have coincidental or causative relationships. The otolaryngologist should consider multiple pathologic conditions when diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear.

scholarly journals Histometric study of socket healing after tooth extraction in rats treated with diclofenac

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Ibara Yugoshi ◽  
Miguel Angel Sala ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Brentegani ◽  
Teresa Lúcia Lamano Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Point Counting ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Socket Healing ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the present study was to investigate if diclofenac administration interferes with the time course of alveolar wound healing in rats. Forty-two Wistar rats were used, 21 rats received 10 mg/kg/day of diclofenac one day before and 4 days after extraction of the right maxillary incisors and 21 rats received saline. The animals were sacrificed 7, 14 and 21 days after tooth extraction. Progressive new bone formation and a decrease in the volume fraction of blood clot and connective tissue from 1 to 3 weeks after tooth extraction was quantified using the histometric point-counting method. Diclofenac treatment caused a significant delay in new bone formation in association with an impairment of blood clot remission/organization.

Penicillin Reduces New Bone Formation in Acute Otitis Media

1999 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 1978-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Cayé-Thomasen ◽  
Mirko Tos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
New Bone Formation

Pathology of Chronic Otitis Media

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Meyerhoff ◽  
Chong Sun Kim ◽  
Michael M. Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Subdural Abscess ◽  
Temporal Bones

A review of 800 pathological temporal bones collected from autopsy cases revealed 333 (41.6%) to have some type of otitis media; purulent otitis media (52.5%), serous otitis media (6%), mucoid otitis media (4.5%), and chronic otitis media (36.9%). The 123 temporal bones with chronic otitis media were further studied and found to have granulation tissue, cholesteatoma, cholesterin granuloma, bone changes, and fibrosis. Other findings included tympanic membrane perforation, tympanosclerosis, metaplasia of the epithelium with subepithelial glandular formation, suppuration, labyrinthitis, and evidence of complications of chronic otitis media (meningitis, subdural abscess, brain abscess, petrositis, and endolymphatic hydrops). From this study it was concluded: 1) chronic otitis media occurred quite frequently, from a histological standpoint, in the absence of tympanic membrane perforation; 2) granulation tissue in temporal bones was found much more frequently in chronic otitis media than was cholesteatoma; and 3) complications and sequelae of otitis media tended to occur more commonly secondary to granulation tissue than to cholesteatoma.

Bovine Anorganic Bone Graft Associated with Platelet-Rich Plasma: Histologic Analysis in Rabbit Calvaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviana Soares Rocha ◽  
Lara Maria Alencar Ramos ◽  
Jonas Dantas Batista ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa ◽  
Eloísa Amália Vieira Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Defect Area

Autogenous bone tissue has regeneration potential; however, this capacity may not be sufficient in larger bone defects. The aim of this study is to histologically evaluate anorganic bovine bone grafts (GenOx Inorg) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Two bone lesions were created in calvaria of 12 rabbits. The 24 surgical lesions were separated into 3 groups: coagulous, anorganic, and anorganic with PRP. At the 4-week time point, the animals were euthanized and the grafted area removed, fixed in formalin 10% with phosphate buffered saline, 0.1 M, and embedded in paraffin. The histologic parameters analyzed were new bone filling the defect area, presence of giant cells and particles of the graft, and new bone formation associated with the particles. In the coagulous group, defects were filled with fibrous tissue that attached the periosteum and little bone neoformation in the periphery. In anorganic groups with or without PRP, little new bone formation in the periphery of the defect was observed; however, in the center of some defects there was new bone. Moderate presence of giant cells and little new bone formation was associated with the innumerous graft particles. Histologic results revealed no statistically significant differences among the defects new bone fill between the studied groups (P  =  .64). There was no significant difference in the number of giant cells (P  =  .60), graft particles (P  =  .46), and new bone formation around graft particles (P  =  .26), whether PRP was added or not. Anorganic bone, isolated or mixed with PRP, was biocompatible and osteoconductive, while maintaining bone volume.

scholarly journals Periosteal Augmentation of Allograft Bone and its Effect on Implant Fixation - An Experimental Study on 12 Dogs§

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Barckman ◽  
Jorgen Baas ◽  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Joan E Bechtold ◽  
Kjeld Soballe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Allograft Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cambium Layer

Purpose: Periosteum provides essential cellular and biological components necessary for fracture healing and bone repair. We hypothesized that augmenting allograft bone by adding fragmented autologous periosteum would improve fixation of grafted implants. Methods: In each of twelve dogs, we implanted two unloaded cylindrical (10 mm x 6 mm) titanium implants into the distal femur. The implants were surrounded by a 2.5-mm gap into which morselized allograft bone with or without addition of fragmented autologous periosteum was impacted. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the implants were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and mechanical push-out test. Results: Although less new bone was found on the implant surface and increased volume of fibrous tissue was present in the gap around the implant, no difference was found between treatment groups regarding the mechanical parameters. Increased new bone formation was observed in the immediate vicinity of the periosteum fragments within the bone graft. Conclusion: The method for periosteal augmentation used in this study did not alter the mechanical fixation although osseointegration was impaired. The observed activity of new bone formation at the boundary of the periosteum fragments may indicate maintained bone stimulating properties of the transplanted cambium layer. Augmenting the bone graft by smaller fragments of periosteum, isolated cambium layer tissue or cultured periosteal cells could be studied in the future.

scholarly journals Cholesteatoma in Children with Oval Window Obliteration by New Bone Formation

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (Supplement32) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Tomoko Suzuki ◽  
Michio Kobari ◽  
Tetsuya Akaike ◽  
Iwao Ohtani ◽  
Kohsei Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
New Bone Formation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Osteoconduction of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic in the Calvaria of Rats: Microscopic and Histometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Puttini ◽  
Pier Poli ◽  
Carlo Maiorana ◽  
Igor Vasconcelos ◽  
Luis Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Percentage Area

(1) Background: Evaluate the osteoconduction capability of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate 60%/40% in a rat model. (2) Methods: In the calvarial bone of 54 adult male rats, 7-mm diameter critical size defects were performed. The animals were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to the type of material: blood clot (BCG), blood clot covered with a bovine-derived collagen membrane (MBCG), and BCP ceramic covered with a bovine-derived collagen membrane (BCPG). In each group, 6 animals were euthanatized at post-operative days 7, 30, and 60 for histological and histometric analysis. (3) Results: The qualitative analysis revealed the persistence of the collagen membrane at seven days, with no relevant newly bone formation in all groups. At 30 days, centripetal bone formation was observed residual particles of the biomaterial surrounded by fibroblasts noted in the BCPG. At 60 days, while BCG and MBCG showed a partial maturation with the central part of the defect populated by a fibrous connective tissue, in the BCPG the critical area was entirely occupied by newly formed bone. In the intra groups analysis was noted a significant increase in new bone formation during the experimental period (p < 0.05). At 60 days, BCPG showed a higher percentage area of new bone formation (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: BCP promoted a new bone formation by osteoconduction and might be considered a valid alternative in bone regeneration procedures.

EFFECTS OF CHITOSAN/β-TCP MICROSPHERES ON RABBIT CRANIAL AND CONDYLE DEFECTS HEALING: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyh Ming Kuo ◽  
Li-Chun Lin ◽  
Pei Hua Tsai ◽  
Gregory Cheng-Chie Niu ◽  
Shwu Jen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fibrous Tissues ◽  
Electrostatic System

Two kinds of chitosan/β-TCP microspheres were prepared; one was by a traditional emulsion technique (Group A), and the other was by a high-voltage electrostatic system (Group B). Both of the microspheres exhibited good sphericity and the β-TCP fine particles were well trapped inside the chitosan based particles. After 60-day shaking, Group A and Group B degraded by about 40% and 80% of initial weight, respectively. Two models of bone defects were created in rabbits included for a series of randomized blind pilot study. In the cranial model, two equal 10 mm diameter cranial defects were created. In condyle model, two equal 5 mm femur condyle defects were created on each hind leg, and underwent the same grafting treatment. After 4 weeks of implantation, both the cranial and condyle sites filled with Group A were shown to be surrounded by fibrous tissues with the presence of osteoblasts. In Group B, only condyle site showed the presence of osteoblasts. In contrast, fibrous tissue formation was seen on the control group after 4 weeks of healing. After 8 weeks of implantation, the condyle sites filled with Group A and Group B showed the presence of new bone formation as compared to control group. However, there was no obvious new bone formations in the cranial sites filled with both Group A and Group B. The same events were observed in the cranial sites after 12 weeks of implantation. In contrast, new bone formation was seen on the condyle sites in all three groups after 12 weeks of implantation.

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