Synaptic Bodies in the Different Rows of Outer Hair Cells in the Guinea Pig Cochlea

The afferent synapses of the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea are peculiar, insofar as some of them contain special synaptic bodies (SBs) forming the so-called ribbon synapses. These SB-containing synapses are highly variable in number, exhibiting interspecies and intraspecies differences. As quantitative data on the incidence of SBs in the different rows of OHCs are lacking and as some of the above differences may have a circadian basis, in the present study SBs were counted in guinea pigs killed at different times of the day and night. In the second turn of the cochlea, synapses with perpendicular and parallel SBs were distinguished. Perpendicular SBs, but not parallel SBs, were significantly higher in number in the first than in the third row. Circadian changes were observed for perpendicular SBs, which were higher in number in the evening than in the morning. Circadian changes were absent in the parallel SBs of the OHCs and in the SBs of the inner hair cells. These results show that the afferent synapses of OHCs are rather complex, structurally as well as temporally; the functional significance of this finding remains to be elucidated.

Download Full-text

Permanent Threshold Shift and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss in the Kanamycin-Treated Guinea Pig

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459987808600609 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. ORL-886-ORL-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cynthia A. Prosen ◽

Michael R. Petersen ◽

David. B. Moody ◽

William C. Stebbins ◽

Joseph E. Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cell ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Hair Cell Loss ◽

Hearing Sensitivity ◽

Cochlear Hair Cell ◽

Differential Contribution

The differential contribution of the inner hair cells (IHC) and the outer hair cells (OHC) in the mammalian cochlea to hearing sensitivity was assessed in six behaviorally-trained guinea pigs by comparing audiograms preadministration and postadministration of kanamycin, an antibiotic that predominantly destroys guinea pig OHC while leaving the IHC structurally unchanged. The results support the hypothesis that only the IHC of the cochlea responds to tones approximately 50 to 60 dB above the threshold of the intact cochlea.

Download Full-text

Dissociation between the calcium-induced and voltage-driven motility in cochlear outer hair cells from the waltzing guinea pig

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.104.4.1137 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 1137-1143

Author(s):

B. Canlon ◽

D. Dulon

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Calcium Ionophore ◽

Organ Of Corti ◽

Length Change ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Permeabilized Cells ◽

Length Changes

The waltzing guinea pig, possessing an hereditary progressive deafness, shows pathology to the actin-bearing structures within the hair cells of the organ of Corti. In particular, the affected structures include the stereocilia, the cuticular plate and, as shown in the present study, swollen and disorganized subsurface cisternae. To test whether this pathology affected outer hair cell motility, cells were isolated from waltzing guinea pigs and their age-matched controls and were subjected to either electrical or chemical stimulation. Visual detection thresholds and the magnitude of the electrically-induced length changes were equivalent for both groups. However, when intracellular calcium was increased with either the calcium ionophore, ionomycin or Ca2+/ATP (under permeabilized conditions with DMSO), length changes were significantly reduced for the outer hair cells from waltzing guinea pigs compared to the controls. The average percent length increase induced by 10 microM ionomycin for the outer hair cells from control animals was 2.3 +/- 1.7 whereas for postnatal day 4 waltzing guinea pigs it was 1.3 +/- 1.7. Postnatal day 7 and 10 waltzing guinea pigs responded with significantly smaller percent length changes. The intracellular concentration of ionic calcium increased similarly for both groups after the application of ionomycin as revealed with the indicator fluo-3. In the permeabilized cells in the presence of Ca2+/ATP, control cells responded with a percent length change of 3.5, whereas, age-matched waltzing outer hair cells responded with barely detectable length changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Download Full-text

Innervation of the Cochlea of the Guinea Pig by Use of the Golgi Stain

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947508400403 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 443-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Catherine A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Basilar Membrane ◽

Organ Of Corti ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Single Row ◽

Golgi Stain ◽

Branching Patterns

Nerve fibers with distinctive branching patterns have been demonstrated in guinea pigs by use of the Golgi stain. The cochlear nerve fibers in the basal turn tend to supply a limited segment of the basilar membrane and have most endings on a single row of hair cells. The efferent olivocochlear nerve fibers ramify in a manner which varies from base to apex. Some efferents which terminate on outer hair cells also give branches which course in the inner spiral bundle. Other nerve fibers were studied in the spiral lamina which did not penetrate into the organ of Corti.

Download Full-text

Salicylate-induced morphological changes of isolated inner hair cells and outer hair cells from guinea-pig cochlea

Auris Nasus Larynx ◽

10.1016/j.anl.2008.05.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 152-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Takashi Kimitsuki ◽

Yasuhiro Kakazu ◽

Nozomu Matsumoto ◽

Teppei Noda ◽

Noritaka Komune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Inner Hair Cells ◽

Guinea Pig Cochlea

Download Full-text

Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in inner hair cells but not outer hair cells in the guinea pig organ of Corti

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(85)91541-0 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 327 (1-2) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R.A. Altschuler ◽

K.A. Reeks ◽

P.J. Marangos ◽

J. Fex

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Organ Of Corti ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Inner Hair Cells

Download Full-text

Optimization of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a supercontinuum source for in vivo motion detection of low reflective outer hair cells in guinea pig cochleae

Optical Review ◽

10.1007/s10043-021-00654-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fumiaki Nin ◽

Samuel Choi ◽

Takeru Ota ◽

Zhang Qi ◽

Hiroshi Hibino

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Sensory Epithelium ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Total Acquisition Time ◽

Sd Oct

AbstractSound evokes sub-nanoscale vibration within the sensory epithelium. The epithelium contains not only immotile cells but also contractile outer hair cells (OHCs) that actively shrink and elongate synchronously with the sound. However, the in vivo motion of OHCs has remained undetermined. The aim of this work is to perform high-resolution and -accuracy vibrometry in live guinea pigs with an SC-introduced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT). In this study, to reveal the effective contribution of SC source in the recording of the low reflective materials with the short total acquisition time, we compare the performances of the SC-introduced SD-OCT (SCSD-OCT) to that of the conventional SD-OCT. As inanimate comparison objects, we record a mirror, a piezo actuator, and glass windows. For the measurements in biological materials, we use in/ex vivo guinea pig cochleae. Our study achieved the optimization of a SD-OCT system for high-resolution in vivo vibrometry in the cochlear sensory epithelium, termed the organ of Corti, in mammalian cochlea. By introducing a supercontinuum (SC) light source and reducing the total acquisition time, we improve the axial resolution and overcome the difficulty in recording the low reflective material in the presence of biological noise. The high power of the SC source enables the system to achieve a spatial resolution of 1.72 ± 0.00 μm on a mirror and reducing the total acquisition time contributes to the high spatial accuracy of sub-nanoscale vibrometry. Our findings reveal the vibrations at the apical/basal region of OHCs and the extracellular matrix, basilar membrane.

Download Full-text

Control of intracellular calcium by ATP in isolated outer hair cells of the guinea-pig cochlea.

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018203 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 428 (1) ◽

pp. 109-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

J F Ashmore ◽

H Ohmori

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Intracellular Calcium ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Guinea Pig Cochlea

Download Full-text

Acetylcholine response in guinea pig outer hair cells. II. Activation of a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel

Hearing Research ◽

10.1016/s0378-5955(96)00143-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 101 (1-2) ◽

pp. 149-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Anastas P. Nenov ◽

Charles Norris ◽

Richard P. Bobbin

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

K Channel ◽

Small Conductance

Download Full-text

EXTIRPATION OF THE THYMUS IN THE GUINEA PIG

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.25.1.129 ◽

1917 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 129-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Edwards A. Park

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Serial Section ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Close Association ◽

Main Lobe ◽

Technical Error ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Pharyngeal Pouch ◽

The Third ◽

Third Pharyngeal Pouch

1. Accessory lobes of thymus, derived from the third pharyngeal pouch, occurring in close association with the parathyroids from the third pouch, were found in serial section of the cervical tissues of eleven out of fourteen guinea pigs, and probably would have been found in all fourteen but for a technical error. 2. It is probable, therefore, that accessory lobes of thymus having this situation and origin are usually, if not always, present in the guinea pig. 3. Additional accessory lobes of thymus belonging to, but at some distance from the main lobe were also present in several of the animals. 4. The discovery of these accessory lobes makes it certain that the guinea pig is unsuitable material for complete thymectomy, and probably complete extirpation of the thymus in this animal is rarely, if ever accomplished. 5. The extirpation experiments of previous investigators in the guinea pig must now be regarded as partial extirpations, and their results interpreted in that light. 6. Extirpation of the thymus in the guinea pig produced no changes in the writer's experiments. 7. The study of the serial sections of the cervical tissues of the guinea pig indicates that Ruben's statements regarding the parathyroid derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch in the guinea pig are correct,—that it is much smaller than parathyroid III, may be rudimentary, and is sometimes absent at least on one side. 8. No accessory lobe of thymus was found accompanying the parathyroid from the fourth pouch, a finding also bearing out Ruben's statement that no thymus anlarge springs from the fourth pouch in the guinea pig.

Download Full-text