Characterizing the Intrinsic Fluorescence Properties of Historical Painting Materials: The Case Study of a Sixteenth-Century Mesoamerican Manuscript

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pottier ◽  
Anne Michelin ◽  
Christine Andraud ◽  
Fabrice Goubard ◽  
Bertrand Lavédrine
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Intrinsic Fluorescence ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Intrinsic Emission

Ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to study polychrome objects and can help to identify the nature of certain materials when they present specific fluorescent properties. However, given the complexity of the stratified and heterogeneous materials under study, the characterization of an intrinsic fluorescence related to a given constituent (a pigment or a binder composing a paint layer for example) is not straightforward, and the recorded raw data need to be corrected for a number of effects that can influence the detected spectral distribution. The application of standard correction procedures to experimental fluorescence data gathered on the polychromatic surface of the Codex Borbonicus, a 16th-century Aztec manuscript, is described. The results are confronted to an alternate new methodology that is based on the hypothesis of transparent non-scattering paint layers. This second approach allows to establish more clearly the material origin of the detected emission and to discriminate apparent fluorescence (emitted by the substrate and transmitted through the paint layers) from actual intrinsic emission generated by the coloring materials under study. The results show that most of the various emission profiles detected in the paint layers of the manuscript actually originate from a unique fluorophore (composing the substrate) and should not be used to characterize the coloring materials.

An Interjection of the Royal Prerogative Into the Legal and Ecclesiastical Affairs of Cheshire in the Fifteen Seventies

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-236
Author(s):  
Michael B. Pulman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Infinite Series ◽  
Central Government ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
The South ◽  
Definition Of

It has been remarked that the dissolution of the monasteries amounted to an infinite series of adjustments. This could hardly be more true than it is in the case of what happened to the lands of the dissolved abbey of St. Werburgh in Chester—a city about one hundred and seventy miles northwest of London, situated in a section of the country that was, at least compared with much of the south, uncouth and backward. Here the process of adjustment was so protracted, and in the end productive of so much acrimony, that the intervention of the highest authority in the land—that of the queen herself—was directly necessary for its successful completion, and, even with that intervention, a final concord was scarcely achieved before the 16th century gave way to the seventeenth. In Cheshire, the upheaval caused by the sudden disappearance of the regular Church was long in settling down. Settlement there was, eventually, but it was so slow in coming that one might consider amending the definition of the dissolution mentioned above to read: an infinite series of adjustments, almost infinitely prolonged.What happened in Cheshire can be seen from at least two viewpoints. It can be viewed as providing spectacular evidence as to who benefited the most from Henry VIII's attack upon the ecclesiastical institution; or it can be cited as a case study of just how the central government exercised its control over local affairs during the latter sixteenth century. Here I am concerned with both.

Spanish Books in Michiel van Hamont’s Bookshop (1569): A Case Study of the Distribution of Spanish Books in Sixteenth-Century Brussels

Quaerendo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-316
Author(s):  
Renaud Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the study of the dissemination of Spanish books—books written in Spanish—during the 16th century in Brussels. This study is based on an inventory of the bookseller-printer Michiel van Hamont made in 1569, at the request of the authorities searching for heretical books. This is the first survey conducted on this subject. Spanish books that have effectively circulated within the Southern Netherlands, have generally been neglected by scholars. They mainly focused their attention on local production (which books were printed by whom) and export to the Iberian World (Kingdom of Spain and Americas). They studied the rise of Antwerp as a major centre of Spanish vernacular editions and its role in the dissemination of Spanish books. The first findings in this paper show that the distribution of Spanish books in Brussels in the mid-sixteenth century is merely a marginal phenomenon.

scholarly journals Per filo e per segno

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ammannati
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Good Point ◽  
The City ◽  
Textile Sector

The wool manufacture, along with the International trade and finance, was one of Florence’s leading sectors in the Late Middle Ages. The sixteenth century has been only touched by the historical-economical studies, perhaps because it was traditionally considered a period of decadence. More recent research has instead highlighted the need to rethink these conclusions, demonstrating how the textile sector represents a good point of observation for deepening the critical points and evaluating the prospects of the economy of the city of the Lily in the 16th century. Alongside the analysis of a case study and the critical re-elaborations of what literature offers on more general topics, the book presents a long-term view of the process of the rise and decline of the Arte della Lana in Florence, reinterpreting it in the light of new archival investigations.

scholarly journals The port town of Satgaon: A case study of its prosperity and decline under the Sultanate of Bengal (13th to 16th Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Abdul Motleb Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Middle East ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Research Note ◽  
16Th Century

Over the long term, Tamralipti, Satgaon and then Calcutta succeeded each other as the principal regional port in Bengal. This research note deals with Satgaon, which superseded Tamralipti, primarily due to the silting up and altered course of the Saraswati River, as the region’s trading hub from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century. This significant port town had commercial connections with China, Sumatra, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, the Middle East and East Africa. The study is based on Indo-Persian sources of the period as well as numismatic evidence and the accounts of travellers.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Materials and Techniques in First Archaeological Findings of Nasca Wall Paintings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Boucherie ◽  
Witold Nowik ◽  
Nathalie Pingaud
Keyword(s):  
Paint Layer ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Yellow Ochre ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The pre-Colombian wall paintings in Peru were already known from north and central coast sites, but little information exists on the southern coast corresponding to the Nasca region. The recent excavations on Cahuachi site supplied fragments of plaster with paint layers found near Great Pyramide, corresponding to phases III and IV of the construction of the site, and dating back to the Early Intermediate Period (from 200 BC to 350 AD). A series of fragments from three locations from these two respective periods were transferred directly from the excavation to the laboratory and analysed. A panel of observation and analysis methods was applied in order to describe the stratigraphy and materials used for these paintings, with special attention to the paint layer. The stratigraphy was observed by optical and electron microscopies and X-ray fluorescence, Raman and infrared spectroscopies were employed for elemental and molecular characterization of the plaster and paintings. The obtained results show the large use of iron oxides and copper based pigments, as well calcium sulfate, siliceous and clay materials and graphite. Although the most of pigments could be provided by local deposits, the provenience of graphite remains undetermined. The differences of painting materials between phases III and IV are related to the palette of colours and pigments. The colors for phase III seem limited to the red and yellow ochre pigments, unidentified black and gypsum white. During phase IV, additional pigments were identified such as: paratacamite, malachite and chrysocolla for greens, hematite for purple, graphite black and siliceous white, which replaced gypsum white. The paintings were sometimes applied in several layers separated or not by white coating layer. The painting materials and techniques identified on Cahuachi site, and especially the differences between the phases observed, constitute a new insight in the knowledge of wall painting tradition in Southern Peru.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

Integrating The Geophysical Characterization Of Seismic Thin Beds With Stochastic Reservoir Modeling: A Case Study From The Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Rocco Cavanna ◽  
Ernesto Caselgrandi ◽  
Elisa Corti ◽  
Alessandro Amato del Monte ◽  
Massimo Fervari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Geophysical Characterization
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