Enabling Empowerment: Using Simulations versus Real Occupations

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Everyday World

This study shows how the organization of occupational therapy determines occupational therapists' potential and limits for enabling the empowerment of adults who attend mental health day programmes. Drawing from the full ethnography, this paper shows how the organization of practice determines invisibly whether occupational therapists are more likely to involve people in simulations or in the real occupations of their everyday world. The study explores the use of simulations versus real occupations by tracing everyday practice to the locations, facilities, and scheduling context in which practice occurs. Practice is further traced to the philosophic and funding context of programmes. The final part of the analysis outlines how the use of simulations versus real occupations is shaped by particular ideas about mental health, professional practice, health services, welfare, and the market place. The analysis of an institutional ethnography offers a blueprint for change.

scholarly journals A realistic evaluation of evidence-based therapeutic processes in mental health services– Context-Mechanisms-Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Badu ◽  
Anthony Paul O’Brien ◽  
Rebecca Mitchell ◽  
Akwasi Osei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Realistic Evaluation ◽  
Alliance Building

Abstract Background Evidence-based clinical practice is an inherent component of developed countries mental health professional practice, however, little is known about Ghana mental health professional perspectives on evidence-based practice. This paper outlines the processes involved in the delivery of best practice in Ghana. The paper describes a realistic evaluation of mental health nurses and allied health opinions regarding the evidenced-based therapeutic process in Ghana mental health facilities. Methods A purposive sample of 30 Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) was recruited to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. A programme theory of Context + Mechanism = Outcome (CMO) configuration was developed from the analysis. Results The thematic analysis identified two CMO configurations: 1) technical competency stimulates evidence-based mental health services; and, 2) therapeutic alliance-building ensures effective interaction. The study demonstrated that contextual factors (technical competencies and therapeutic alliance building) together with mechanisms (intentional and unintentional) help to promote the quality of mental health services. However, contextual factor such as the lack of sign language interpreters yielded an unintended outcome such as consumer-provider communication barrier for consumers with hearing impaired and those from linguistically minority background. Conclusion We conclude that government stakeholders and policymakers should prioritize policy documents, periodic monitoring and adequate financial incentives to support the on-going mechanisms that promote mental health professional technical competence and therapeutic alliance building.

scholarly journals Mental Health Professional Consultations and the Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Immigrants: Multilevel Analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinenye Nmanma Nwoke ◽  
Udoka Okpalauwaekwe ◽  
Hauwa Bwala
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Community Health Survey

BACKGROUND There is a significant body of evidence on the link between migration and mental health stressors. However, there has been very little research on the use of mental health services by immigrants in Canada. The prevalence of mental health professional consultations among immigrants, as well as its correlations, are not well understood and remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine how specialist mental health visits (to a psychiatrist) differ from general mental health visits (to a family doctor or general practitioner) from immigrants, when compared to visits from those born in Canada, in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults. This study also examines which group—immigrant or Canadian-born—suffers more from depression or anxiety, 2 of the more common mental health conditions. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) between the years 2015 and 2016. The outcome variables included consultation with any mental health professional, consultation with a specialist (psychiatrist), and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders. The independent variable was immigrant status. Other variables of interest were adjusted for in the analyses. Multilevel regression models were developed, and all analyses were performed with Stata IC statistical software (version 13.0, StataCorp). RESULTS The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower among immigrants compared with individuals born in Canada; the prevalence of mood disorders was 5.24% (389,164/7,422,773) for immigrants vs. 9.15% (2,001,829/21,885,625) for individuals born in Canada, and the prevalence of anxiety disorders was 4.47% (330,937/7,410,437) for immigrants vs. 9.51% (2,083,155/21,898,839) for individuals born in Canada. It is expected that individuals with a lower prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders would use mental health services less frequently. However, results show that immigrants, while less likely to consult with any mental health professional (OR=0.80, 95% CI 0.72-0.88, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), were more likely to consult with a psychiatrist (OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48, <i>P</i>=.02) for their mental health visits when compared to individuals born in Canada. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study reveal an unusual discord between the likelihood of mental health professional consultations with any mental health professional and mental health visits with psychiatrists among immigrants compared to nonimmigrants in Canada. Mental health initiatives need to be cognizant of the differences in the associated characteristics of consultations for immigrants to better tailor mental health services to be responsive to the unique needs of immigrant populations in Canada.

Accounting for Social Perspectives: An Exploratory Study of Approved Mental Health Professional Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Karban ◽  
Tony Sparkes ◽  
Steve Benson ◽  
Jen Kilyon ◽  
Jill Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Medical Perspective

Abstract The role of the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) in England and Wales was intended to provide a social perspective as a ‘counterweight’ to a medical perspective when compulsory detention to psychiatric care is being considered as part of an assessment under the 1983 Mental Health Act (MHA). However, with few exceptions, there is relatively little written about AMHPs’ understandings of a social perspective and their experiences of applying this in practice. This article will discuss the findings of a small-scale qualitative study involving twelve AMHPs, highlighting the different accounts of how social perspectives may be understood and implemented. Some of the tensions that may arise when undertaking MHA assessments and the challenges of implementing a social perspective in practice will be considered. The conclusion will recognise the complexity of AMHP practice and the diverse ways in which AMHPs attempt to apply a social perspective. It is clear, however, that an understanding of social perspectives is firmly embedded in the practice of the AMHPs involved in this study.

scholarly journals Ações e experiências de terapeutas ocupacionais no contexto de pandemia da COVID-19/Occupational Therapists actions and expiriences in the COVID-19 pandemic context

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-333
Author(s):  
Fabíola De Oliveira Alvino Macêdo ◽  
Karla Adriana Paixão Lopes ◽  
Leylane Auzeni Mendes Rilzer Lopes ◽  
Roberta De França Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Salud Mental

O mundo desde dezembro de 2019 vem enfrentando uma pandemia, a COVID-19. Os países estão se organizando para minimizar os efeitos, uma vez o seu patógeno ainda é desconhecido e sua cura também. Com este quadro, cidades foram reorganizadas e serviços de saúde também. O isolamento social, o método mais eficaz de disseminar o vírus rompeu rotinas de indivíduos, em particular dos profissionais de saúde, como terapeutas ocupacionais. Assim, este artigo aborda estratégias em que estes profissionais lançaram mão para adequar e continuar os serviços em alguns contextos como saúde mental, consultório particular e centro de reabilitação. E por fim, destacamos as mudanças sofridas na rotina dos próprios profissionais quando estes são ameaçados ou atingidos pela doença. AbstractThe world since December 2019 has been facing a pandemic, COVID-19. Countries are organizing themselves to minimize the effects, since its pathogen is still unknown and its cure too. With this picture, cities were reorganized and health services were reorganized. Social isolation, the most effective method of spreading the virus, has disrupted the routines of individuals, particularly health professionals, as occupational therapists. Thus, this article addresses strategies in which these professionals used to adapt and continue services in some contexts such as mental health, private practice and rehabilitation center. Finally, we highlight the changes undergone in the routine of the professionals themselves when they are threatened or affected by the disease.Key words: Occupational therapy; Telemonitoring; Covid-19. ResumenEl mundo desde diciembre de 2019 se ha enfrentado a una pandemia, COVID-19. Los países se están organizando para minimizar los efectos, ya que su patógeno aún es desconocido y su cura también. Con esta imagen, se reorganizaron las ciudades y se reorganizaron los servicios de salud. El aislamiento social, el método más efectivo para propagar el virus, ha alterado las rutinas de los individuos, en particular los profesionales de la salud, como terapeutas ocupacionales. Por lo tanto, este artículo aborda estrategias en las que estos profesionales solían adaptar y continuar los servicios en algunos contextos, como la salud mental, la práctica privada y el centro de rehabilitación. Finalmente, destacamos los cambios experimentados en la rutina de los propios profesionales cuando están amenazados o afectados por la enfermedad.Palabras clave: Terapia ocupacional; Telemonitoración; Covid-19. 

scholarly journals Users’ choice and change of allocated primary mental health professional in community-based mental health services: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Rioli ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Claire Henderson ◽  
Riccardo Vandelli ◽  
Giacomo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The recovery model in mental health care emphasizes users’ right to be involved in key decisions of their care, including choice of one’s primary mental health professional (PMHP). Aims: The aim of this article was to provide a scoping review of the literature on the topic of users’ choice, request of change and preferences for the PMHP in community mental health services. Method: A search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO for papers in English was performed. Additional relevant research articles were identified through the authors’ personal bibliography. Results: A total of 2,774 articles were screened and 38 papers were finally included. Four main aspects emerged: (1) the importance, for users, to be involved in the choice of their PMHP; (2) the importance, for users, of the continuity of care in the relationship with their PMHP; (3) factors of the user/PMHP dyad influencing users’ preferences; and (4) the effect of choice on the treatment outcomes. Conclusion: While it is generally agreed that it is important to consider users’ preferences in choosing or requesting to change their PMHP, little research on this topic is available. PMHPs’ and other stakeholders’ views should also be explored in order to discuss ethical and practical issues.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the mental health professional culture inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rapisarda ◽  
M. Corbière ◽  
A. D. Lesage ◽  
L. De Benedictis ◽  
J. F. Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Mental Health Workers ◽  
Professional Behaviour

Abstract Aims No instrument has been developed to explicitly assess the professional culture of mental health workers interacting with severely mentally ill people in publicly or privately run mental health care services. Because of theoretical and methodological concerns, we designed a self-administered questionnaire to assess the professional culture of mental health services workers. The study aims to validate this tool, named the Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory (MHPCI). The MHPCI adopts the notion of ‘professional culture’ as a hybrid construct between the individual and the organisational level that could be directly associated with the professional practices of mental health workers. Methods The MHPCI takes into consideration a multidimensional definition of professional culture and a discrete number of psychometrically derived dimensions related to meaningful professional behaviour. The questionnaire was created and developed by a conjoint Italian-Canadian research team with the purpose of obtaining a fully cross-cultural questionnaire and was pretested in a pilot study. Subsequently, a validation survey was conducted in northern Italy and in Canada (Montreal area, Quebec). Data analysis was conducted in different steps designed to maximise the cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire through a recursive procedure consisting of performing a principal component analysis (PCA) on the Italian sample (N = 221) and then testing the resulting factorial model on the Canadian sample (N = 237). Reliability was also assessed with a test-retest design. Results Four dimensions emerged in the PCA and were verified in the confirmatory factor analysis: family involvement, users' sexuality, therapeutic framework and management of aggression risk. All the scales displayed good internal consistency and reliability. Conclusions This study suggests the MHPCI could be a valid and reliable instrument to measure the professional behaviour of mental health services workers. The content of the four scales is consistent with the literature on psychosocial rehabilitation, suggesting that the instrument could be used to evaluate staff behaviour regarding four crucial dimensions of mental health care.

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