Family, Parochial, and Public Levels of Social Control and Recidivism: An Extension of the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 864-886
Author(s):  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Private And Public

Although offenders’ individual-level characteristics such as attenuated family bonds and financial difficulty undermine the reentry process, these factors represent only part of the story. A complete and comprehensive understanding of reentry requires us to examine the communities to which they return. This study applies the systemic model of social disorganization theory to the reentry context. Specifically, I access the roles of private, parochial, and public levels of social control in individuals’ reentry. Findings suggest that when analyzed in separate models, all three levels of social control exhibited significant effects on recidivism. However, when accessed simultaneously in one model, private and public levels of social control but not community social control exhibited significant effects on individuals’ recidivism.

Testing the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization Theory in South Korean Neighborhoods: A Latent Class Growth Analysis Approach to Specifying Pathways to Homicide

2020 ◽  
pp. 108876792094156
Author(s):  
Sujung Cho ◽  
Yung Hyeock Lee ◽  
Shannon B. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Instability Rate

This study examines the relationship between structural characteristics and homicide trajectories in South Korean neighborhoods utilizing the systemic model of social disorganization theory as an analytical lens. Group-based trajectory modeling of Korean homicide data across 229 municipal-level sub-national regions between 2008 and 2013 yielded three groups: high-decrease, moderate, and low-stable. The odds of belonging to the high and moderate groups compared to the low-stable group were significantly increased for communities with a higher-level divorce rate and residential instability rate. Social control was significant in the high-decrease group compared to the low-stable group, but had no mediating effect on this relationship.

The Roles of Family, Community, and Services in the Prevention of Illicit Drug Use: Findings From a Sample of Released Prisoners

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262098477
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Christy A. Visher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Systemic Model

Studies show that the deterioration of family bonds and financial difficulty are barriers to a successful reintegration after incarceration. However, how family, community, and correction agencies simultaneously affect individuals’ illicit drug use during reentry is rarely examined. This study draws insights from the systemic model of social disorganization and examines the joint effects of private, parochial, and public levels of social control on post-release drug use. We used a longitudinal data set that captured family relationships, community cohesiveness, and reentry program participation of released prisoners. Findings provide empirical support for the application of the systemic model of social disorganization on illicit drug during reentry. The various levels of social control defined by this theory were found to exhibit significant and inhibitory effects on individuals’ drug use after release. This study advances our understanding of individuals’ reentry outcomes by highlighting the joint influence of family, community, and correction agencies. Policy implications for addressing post-release drug use are presented.

Detangling Individual-, Partner-, and Community-level Correlates of Partner Violence

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Van Wyk ◽  
Michael L. Benson ◽  
Greer Litton Fox ◽  
Alfred DeMaris
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Male To Female

This article attempted to identify neighborhood- partner- and individual-level factors that may lead to male-to-female partner violence. The relevant dimensions of community context were derived from social disorganization theory that indicates that disorganized areas lack formal and informal controls that inhibit street violence. Social disorganization theory predicts that there is a higher rate of violence and social isolation in disorganized areas. At the individual level, women who experience less social support will more likely be victimized by partner violence. This article investigates the direct and interactive effects of social disorganization measures and variables from social support theories on male-to-female partner violence. The data come from Wave 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households completed in 1994 and from the 1990 census. Logistic regression was used to assess variation in the independent and dependent variables between and within neighborhood types. Results indicate that neighborhood effects interact with partner- and individual-level characteristics for a more complete explanation for male-to-female partner violence.

scholarly journals Responding to Neighborhood Problems: Is the Division of Community Labor Gendered?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wickes ◽  
Lisa Broidy ◽  
John R. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Reduction ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
The Relationship

Social disorganization theory positions informal social control as central to neighborhood crime reduction. Although neighborhood ties, fear of crime, and perceived disorder influence the exercise of informal social control, there are significant sex differences for these drivers that might differentially influence men and women’s informal social control actions. Furthermore, these differences may be exaggerated under conditions that activate gendered divisions of labor. We use survey data from 4,000 residents in 148 neighborhoods and employ multilevel logistic regression to examine the relationship between sex and informal social control actions. We find that men are more likely to take action than women; however, our three-way interactions reveal family arrangements moderate the relationship between ties, fear of crime, disorder, and these actions.

Individual- and School-level Predictors of Latent Profiles of Bullying Victimization: Comparing South Korea and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Han ◽  
Shinhye Lee ◽  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Juyoung Song ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Profiles

This cross-national research investigated nationally representative adolescents from South Korea and the United States, explored similarities and differences in latent profiles of bullying victimization between countries, and examined individual- and school-level variables that predict such latent profiles supported by the Social Disorganization Theory. The fourth-grade sample of the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from South Korea ( N = 4,669) and the United States ( N = 10,029) was used to conduct a latent profile analysis based on eight items of the bullying victimization questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using latent profiles as dependent variables. Independent variables include individual-level (material goods, school absence, academic interest, school belonging) and school-level (concentration of affluent families, school resources, the severity of delinquency, academic commitment) factors. More similarities existed than differences in the latent groups of bullying victimization between South Korea ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational-physical, and multi-risk) and the United States ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational, and multi-risk). Evidence for school-level variables as predictors of bullying victimization profiles was stronger for adolescents in the United States, with a concentration of affluent families and severity of delinquency being significant in four of the six models. For the South Korean sample, the severity of delinquency predicted bullying victimization in only one model. Examination of both individual- and school-level factors that predict unique bullying victimization experiences grounded in Social Disorganization Theory may be informative for addressing key areas of intervention—especially at the school-level context in which victimization primarily takes place and where anti-bullying intervention programs are often provided.

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