Testing the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization Theory in South Korean Neighborhoods: A Latent Class Growth Analysis Approach to Specifying Pathways to Homicide

2020 ◽  
pp. 108876792094156
Author(s):  
Sujung Cho ◽  
Yung Hyeock Lee ◽  
Shannon B. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Instability Rate

This study examines the relationship between structural characteristics and homicide trajectories in South Korean neighborhoods utilizing the systemic model of social disorganization theory as an analytical lens. Group-based trajectory modeling of Korean homicide data across 229 municipal-level sub-national regions between 2008 and 2013 yielded three groups: high-decrease, moderate, and low-stable. The odds of belonging to the high and moderate groups compared to the low-stable group were significantly increased for communities with a higher-level divorce rate and residential instability rate. Social control was significant in the high-decrease group compared to the low-stable group, but had no mediating effect on this relationship.

Family, Parochial, and Public Levels of Social Control and Recidivism: An Extension of the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 864-886
Author(s):  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Private And Public

Although offenders’ individual-level characteristics such as attenuated family bonds and financial difficulty undermine the reentry process, these factors represent only part of the story. A complete and comprehensive understanding of reentry requires us to examine the communities to which they return. This study applies the systemic model of social disorganization theory to the reentry context. Specifically, I access the roles of private, parochial, and public levels of social control in individuals’ reentry. Findings suggest that when analyzed in separate models, all three levels of social control exhibited significant effects on recidivism. However, when accessed simultaneously in one model, private and public levels of social control but not community social control exhibited significant effects on individuals’ recidivism.

Individual- and School-level Predictors of Latent Profiles of Bullying Victimization: Comparing South Korea and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Han ◽  
Shinhye Lee ◽  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Juyoung Song ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Profiles

This cross-national research investigated nationally representative adolescents from South Korea and the United States, explored similarities and differences in latent profiles of bullying victimization between countries, and examined individual- and school-level variables that predict such latent profiles supported by the Social Disorganization Theory. The fourth-grade sample of the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from South Korea ( N = 4,669) and the United States ( N = 10,029) was used to conduct a latent profile analysis based on eight items of the bullying victimization questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using latent profiles as dependent variables. Independent variables include individual-level (material goods, school absence, academic interest, school belonging) and school-level (concentration of affluent families, school resources, the severity of delinquency, academic commitment) factors. More similarities existed than differences in the latent groups of bullying victimization between South Korea ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational-physical, and multi-risk) and the United States ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational, and multi-risk). Evidence for school-level variables as predictors of bullying victimization profiles was stronger for adolescents in the United States, with a concentration of affluent families and severity of delinquency being significant in four of the six models. For the South Korean sample, the severity of delinquency predicted bullying victimization in only one model. Examination of both individual- and school-level factors that predict unique bullying victimization experiences grounded in Social Disorganization Theory may be informative for addressing key areas of intervention—especially at the school-level context in which victimization primarily takes place and where anti-bullying intervention programs are often provided.

Abstract 14652: Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectories and Cardiovascular Outcomes in SPRINT

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A German ◽  
Tali Elfassy ◽  
Matthew J Singleton ◽  
Carlos J Rodriguez ◽  
Walter T Ambrosius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Average Blood Pressure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Blood pressure trajectories have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in observational studies. It is unclear whether these associations are independent of average blood pressure over time. Methods: We used data from SPRINT to identify systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories among a cohort of 8901 participants by incorporating SBP measures during the first 12 months of the trial post randomization. Trajectories were identified using latent class based modeling. Study outcomes included incident CVD, defined as myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, or death attributable to CVD, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between SBP trajectories and our outcomes of interest. Results: Four distinct SBP trajectories were identified: ‘low decline’ (40%), ‘high decline’ (6%), ‘low stable’ (48%), and ‘high stable’ (5%) (Figure 1). Relative to the low decline group, the low stable group was associated with a 29% increased risk of CVD (HR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.06-1.57) and the high stable group was associated with a 76% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.15-2.68) after baseline multivariable adjustment. Relative to the low stable group, the high stable group was associated with a 54% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.05-2.28). When adjusting for average blood pressure across the 12 month time period, there were no significant differences in outcomes. Conclusion: We identified 4 SBP trajectories using data from SPRINT and found differences in the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality after baseline adjustment. However, there were no differences in the risk of these outcomes after adjusting for average blood pressure over time. These results suggest that the pattern of blood pressure control may not be relevant as long as the target blood pressure is achieved.

Social disorganization theory and the college campus

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Barton ◽  
Bonnie Lynne Jensen ◽  
Joanne M. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory

A Tale of Two Theories: Whither Social Disorganization Theory and the Routine Activities Approach?

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210013
Author(s):  
Jen-Li Shen ◽  
Martin A. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Routine Activities Approach

Social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach have been extensively applied separately as theoretical frameworks for the spatial analysis of crime, with general support. As hypothetical explanations for complex social phenomena, criminological theories can impact how studies are framed and how the crime problem is approached. Thus, it is important to evaluate theories continuously in various geographical, as well as contemporary contexts. This study uses both theories in tandem to examine their ability to explain 2016 property crime in Vancouver, Canada, using 2016 census data. Both theories found moderate support. Of particular note is that all of the variables designated as proxies for ethnic heterogeneity in social disorganization theory were either not statistically significant or negative, consistent with the immigration and crime literature. Additionally, almost all variables, when statistically significant, were found to have consistent results across crime types. These results bode well for the continued use of social disorganization theory and the routine activity approach in spatial analyses of crime.

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