The Neighborhood According to Women: Understanding Gendered Disorder Perceptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096849
Author(s):  
Janne E. Gaub ◽  
Danielle Wallace ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Informal Social Control

Women perceive higher rates of disorder in their neighborhood than males, though why remains unknown. We hypothesize that the differential role women play in neighborhood social life accounts for their higher disorder perceptions. To test this, we use the Seattle Neighborhoods and Crime Survey and fully interacted regressions with fixed effects for neighborhoods to determine if gendered disorder perceptions are a function of fear of crime, informal social control, and neighboring behaviors. Only the ability to identify strangers on the block predicts gendered disorder perceptions. Moreover, the fully interacted regressions account for most differences in gendered disorder perceptions. Our null findings have significant consequences for the supposed differential social role women have in their neighborhoods and fear of crime.

In Guns We Trust: A Reexamination of the Collective Security Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kelsay ◽  
Jordan Papp ◽  
Jennifer Wareham ◽  
Brad W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Hypothesis ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Using Data

This study reexamines the collective security hypothesis of gun ownership using data collected from residents of the city of Detroit, Michigan. In addition, we seek to determine whether the effects of perceptions of police, fear of crime, and victimization on individual-level gun ownership are attenuated by neighborhood levels of informal social control. Our findings indicate that police satisfaction remains a robust predictor of gun ownership, in that those who are less satisfied with police are more likely to own a firearm for defensive purposes. Moreover, the effects of this variable remain unaffected by the inclusion of informal social control. These results confirm a number of previously identified correlates of gun ownership remain influential and suggest that improving perceptions of police among the public may lead to fewer firearms in circulation among the public.

Cross-cultural nuances of the sources and consequences of subjective feelings of unsafety: A qualitative analysis in four cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Valente ◽  
Lucrezia Crescenzi Lanna
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Depth Interviews

The research aims at analyzing the fear of crime and its consequences on social cohesion and informal social control. The study is based on data collected through a triangulation of qualitative techniques (in-depth interviews, participant observation, and semi-structured focus groups) throughout eight neighborhoods of four European cities. Challenging the initial expectations, the results obtained show that, under certain circumstances, the fear of crime might foster genuine forms of social involvement and problem-solving participation. Nevertheless, the general trend indicates that crime-related anxieties are fueling the emergence of nostalgic, passive-aggressive, and violent forms of identity, which might promote potentially dangerous types of collective action.

Across the wide prairie: Exploring fear of crime in a small Canadian municipality

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486582199908
Author(s):  
Tarah Hodgkinson ◽  
Kate Lunney
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
Fear Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Criminological Theories

Although fear of crime is well-researched in urban domains, the predictors of fear of crime in non-urban contexts are less established. Using a sample of 559 people, this study aims to address this gap by evaluating the role of individual and ecological-level predictors on fear of crime in a small Canadian municipality. Key findings of this study include support for the influence of social cohesion, informal social control and social and physical disorder on fear in a small municipality. However, no clear relationship is found between gender and fear of crime. Additionally, nuanced relationships between social predictors and fear emerge that may be uniquely explained by non-metropolitan context. The findings have implications for the use of urban-based criminological theories of fear and for the use of crime prevention and fear reduction strategies in non-metropolitan contexts.

scholarly journals Responding to Neighborhood Problems: Is the Division of Community Labor Gendered?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wickes ◽  
Lisa Broidy ◽  
John R. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Reduction ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
The Relationship

Social disorganization theory positions informal social control as central to neighborhood crime reduction. Although neighborhood ties, fear of crime, and perceived disorder influence the exercise of informal social control, there are significant sex differences for these drivers that might differentially influence men and women’s informal social control actions. Furthermore, these differences may be exaggerated under conditions that activate gendered divisions of labor. We use survey data from 4,000 residents in 148 neighborhoods and employ multilevel logistic regression to examine the relationship between sex and informal social control actions. We find that men are more likely to take action than women; however, our three-way interactions reveal family arrangements moderate the relationship between ties, fear of crime, disorder, and these actions.

Social characteristic of religious rituals

1997 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bodak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
Religious Rituals

Society is a person in its social relations. If the term "society" is used to determine reality as a system of interconnections and relationships between people, then its social system appears as an entity in which human societies are diverse in character and social role. Social life is expressed in the grouping of members of society on the basis of certain objectively predetermined types of relations between them. The integrity and unity of religious communities, their qualitative specificity determines the content of the doctrine and cult, on which they grow.

Perceptions of Collective Efficacy Among Single Mothers: Insights for Conceptualization and Measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (17) ◽  
pp. 4019-4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Barnhart ◽  
Michael C. Gearhart ◽  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Study Results

Neighborhoods with higher levels of collective efficacy are associated with more favorable family outcomes such as lower teen pregnancy rates and less antisocial behavior among children. Collective efficacy is traditionally measured by combining the constructs of social cohesion and informal social control, yet these two constructs may have unique influences on family outcomes. While prior studies have examined collective efficacy’s factor structure, there is limited understanding of this construct among single-mother families, who have unique social and economic characteristics. In this exploratory study, we tested a single-factor model and two-factor model separating social cohesion and informal social control to examine the underlying factor structure of collective efficacy with a diverse sample of 2,084 unmarried mothers who participated in the third wave in-home survey of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. Results support that informal social control and social cohesion were best modeled as two distinct, but related, constructs.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Rebecca Wickes ◽  
John Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Civic Action ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Demographic Context

This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.

scholarly journals Violating an Occupational Sex-Stereotype: Israeli Women Earning Engineering Degrees

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobsen Chanoch ◽  
Vanki Tamar
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Recent Increase

The percentage of women engineering graduates in Israel has increased fourfold during the last two decades, but only a small percentage of Israeli women opt for these fields. We account for the current trend by a general theory of patterned deviance, viewing the recent increase of women's studying for engineering degrees as a case of nonconformity with a traditional norm. A simulation model of that theory reproduced 85.8% of the variance in the data on women engineering graduates between 1966 and 1987, indicating that the theory applies also in this case. The simulations show that it is becoming increasingly legitimate for women to study engineering and informal social control keeping women from enrolling in engineering has almost disappeared, but the internalized sex-stereotype still deters many women from taking such courses.

scholarly journals CULTURA E TELEVISÃO: NOTAS SOBREA INFLUENCIA DA MÍDIA TELEVISIVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Clifton Morais Correia ◽  
Francisco Gilson Rebouças Porto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Brazilian Culture

O tema central desse estudo diz respeito sobre a mídia e seu poder influenciador. É fato que a mídia exerce significativa influência na sociedade, impondo regras e moldando opiniões. A verdade  que ela hoje desempenha um importante papel informativo e social, influenciando diretamente a opinião de qualquer indivíduo, alfabetizado ou não, causando forte impacto em vários aspectos da vida social. Diante disso, discute-se sobre esse poder de influencia que a mídia possui. Para limitar a sua atuação, nessa pesquisa será analisada o seu poder por meio da televisão. Assim, analisa-se a mídia televisiva e seu impacto. No entanto, para melhor discussão dessa temática, apresenta-se a influência que a mídia televisiva possui para a área da Cultura. Frente a isso, o objetivo desse estudo é discorrer sobre de que modo a mídia televisiva influencia a cultura brasileira e comportamento das pessoas.  Além disso, vamos conversar esses temas aos capítulos de Barbeiro, onde fala exatamente sobre essa temática.   Palavras-chave: Mídia, Televisão, Influência.   RESUME The central theme of this study concerns the media and its influencing power. It is a fact that the media has a significant influence on society, imposing rules and shaping opinions. The truth that it today plays an important informative and social role, directly influencing the opinion of any individual, literate or not, causing a strong impact on various aspects of social life. Therefore, it is discussed about this power of influence that the media has. To limit its performance, this research will analyze its power through television. Thus, the television media and its impact are analyzed. However, for a better discussion of this theme, the influence that the television media has for the area of ​​Culture is presented. Given this, the objective of this study is to discuss how the television media influences Brazilian culture and people's behavior.In addition, we will discuss these topics in the chapters of Barbeiro, where he talks about exactly this theme.   Keywords: Media, Television, Influence.   RESUMEN El tema central de este estudio se refiere a los medios y su poder de influencia. Es un hecho que los medios tienen una influencia significativa en la sociedad, imponen reglas y dan forma a las opiniones. La verdad de que hoy desempeña un importante papel informativo y social, influyendo directamente en la opinión de cualquier individuo, alfabetizado o no, causando un fuerte impacto en varios aspectos de la vida social. Por lo tanto, se discute sobre este poder de influencia que tienen los medios. Para limitar su rendimiento, esta investigación analizará su poder a través de la televisión. Así, se analizan los medios de televisión y su impacto. Sin embargo, para una mejor discusión de este tema, se presenta la influencia que los medios de televisión tienen para el área de Cultura. Ante esto, el objetivo de este estudio es discutir cómo los medios de televisión influyen en la cultura brasileña y el comportamiento de las personas.Además, discutiremos estos temas en los capítulos de Barbeiro, donde habla exactamente sobre este tema.   Palabras clave: medios, televisión, influencia.

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