Practices and Problems in Educating Deaf Retarded Children in Residential Schools

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Godfrey D. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Schools For The Deaf

Information including epidemiological data from 6 residential schools for the deaf was collected. It included data relative to prevalence, classification, and nomenclature; numbers and kinds of disabilities in addition to deafness and mental retardation; and estimations of projected grade level expectancy for mentally retarded deaf children. A total of 304 (19 percent of the pupil population) pupils with an IQ of below 83 were enrolled in these schools; 132 of these children were classified as mentally retarded. Seventy-three children were reported to have one or more disabilities in addition to deafness and mental retardation. A mean grade level expectancy of 4.3 was predicted for 117 of the children.

scholarly journals Deaf intermarriage does not increase the prevalence of deafness alleles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C. Braun ◽  
Samir Jain ◽  
Eric Epstein ◽  
Brian H. Greenwald ◽  
Brienna Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Schools For The Deaf ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe idea that deaf intermarriage increases deafness was forcefully pushed in the late 19th century by Alexander Graham Bell, in proceedings published by the National Academy of Science. Bell’s hypothesis was not supported by a 19th century study by Edward Allen Fay, which was funded by Bell’s own organization, the Volta Bureau. The Fay study showed through an analysis of 4,471 deaf marriages that the chances of having deaf children did not increase significantly when both parents were deaf. In light of an apparent increase in non-complementary pairings when a recent dataset of Gallaudet alumni was compared with the 19th century Fay dataset, Bell’s argument has been resurrected that residential schools for the deaf, which concentrate signing deaf individuals together, have promoted assortative mating and increased the prevalence of both phenotypic deafness and the commonest recessive deafness allele. Because this hypothesis persists, even though it contradicts classical models introduced by R.A. Fisher and Sewell Wright, it is critically important that this hypothesis be thoroughly re-investigated. In this study, we used an established forward-time genetics simulator with parameters and measurements collected from the published literature. Compared to mathematical equations, simulations allowed for more complex modeling, operated without assumptions of parametricity, and captured ending distributions and variances. Our simulation results affirm predictions from classical equations and show that assortative mating only modestly increases the prevalence of phenotypically deaf individuals, with this effect mostly completed by the third generation. Most importantly, our data show that even intense assortative mating does not increase allelic frequency under reported conditions. These results are not locus-specific and are generalizable to other forms of recessive deafness. We offer alternative explanations for the higher rate of non-complementary pairings measured in the contemporary Gallaudet alumni sample as compared to the Fay dataset.

Patterns of Listening and Reading Skills in Visually Handicapped Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Visually Handicapped ◽  
Age Range

This study compared the developmental patterns of listening and reading skills of 71 visually handicapped students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of four residential schools for the blind. Grade level, chronological age, intelligence, mode of reading, sex, socioeconomic status, and degree of visual impairment, were treated as predictor variables. Subjects were tested with the adapted version of the Durrell Listening-Reading Series. The results indicated that tested verbal intelligence accounted for most of the variance in listening and reading scores and had greater predictive value for listening than for reading. The other variables had little or no predictive value for either listening or reading. Furthermore, the development of listening skills was found to be stronger than reading skills at each grade level, and listening remained the superior mode across the age range.

PREVALENCE OF HOMOCYSTINURIA AMONG THE MENTALLY RETARDED: EVALUATION OF A SPECIFIC SCREENING TEST

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
George Link Spaeth ◽  
G. Winston Barber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

The prevalence of homocystinuria in patients with mental retardation institutionalized in the United States is about 0.02%; this is lower than a previous estimation from Northern Ireland (0.3%). On the other hand, about 5% of patients with dislocated lenses may be expected to have the disease. A silver-nitroprusside test which is almost completely specific for homocystine has been evaluated. It should be useful for screening.

MENTAL RETARDATION IN A FAMILY WITH PHENYLKETONURIA AND MILD HYPERPH ENYLALANINEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Cohen ◽  
Arieh Szeinberg ◽  
Wifred Berman ◽  
Yermiahu Aviad ◽  
Moshe Crispin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Biochemical Abnormality ◽  
Maternal Uncle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phenylalanine Metabolism ◽  
Inbred Family

A highly inbred family with five mentally retarded persons is described. Two sibs presented typical characteristics of phenylketonuria, while one mentally retarded sib did not show any biochemical abnormality. The mother and maternal uncle had mild hyperphenylalaninemia. It is pointed out in the discussion that, while the mental retardation (at least in some of these subjects) may be independent of disturbances of phenylalanine metabolism, it is possible also to explain all the findings in the family on a unified basis, involving a variant hyperphenylalaninemia with tolerance increasing with age and "maternal phenylketonuia."

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC AND ETIOLOGIC FINDINGS IN MENTAL RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-485
Author(s):  
Gerald D. LaVeck ◽  
Felix de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Mental Subnormality ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

A series of 578 institutionalized mentally retarded patients was evaluated by a multi-discipline approach in order to establish a presumptive etiologic diagnosis. Abnormal electroencephalographic findings were found to be related to the age of the patient, the severity of retardation, and the presence of seizures or motor dysfunction. In this series 65.9% had abnormal tracings, and the most frequent abnormality was a focal change in 18.7%. However, focal abnormalities correlated with seizures and motor dysfunction so that no specific electroencephalographic aberration was characteristic of mental subnormality. Abnormal tracings were most frequent in nonseizure patients when subnormality was caused by intoxication, new growths, metabolic disorders, infectious processes, trauma, and encephalopathy of unknown cause in decreasing order of frequency. Abnormalities were seen in 36.4% of "cultural-familial" defectives and those whose intellectual defect was presumably due to psychologic factors. It is believed that electroencephalography is a valuable diagnostic aid in the evaluation of mentally retarded children.

CORRECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-798
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medicine Education

In the January 1972 issue in Dr. Paul H. Pearson's review of the book Mental Retardation and Its Social Dimensions by Margaret Adams, the fifth paragraph of the right hand column on page 161 should read as follows: "In all fairness, Miss Adanis goes on to point up the essential need of a multidisciplinary approach to the multivariant needs of the retarded. She points out the ways in which the efforts of the social work profession are integrated with those of medicine, education and psychology to bring about, through preventive and habilitative measures, optimal social functioning of the mentally retarded within our society."

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Yudhie Suchyadi ◽  
Yulia Ambarsari ◽  
Elly Sukmanasa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
The Way

Differences in the characteritics of children with special needs will require the ability of teachers to combine various abilities and talents of each child, such as mentally retarded children who need communication like children in general. His developmental delays are often excluded from his playing enviranment, thus the need for good social interaction with mentally retarded children. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to describe the findings of social interaction in mentally retarded children in extraordinary school Mentari Kita. The research is a descriptive analysis with qualitative research approach. Technique of data analysis was performed with data reduction stage, the presentation of data, and verification (conclusions). Researchers used the test of credibility, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, and konfirmabilitas to obtain the validity of the data. The result showed that the way social interaction with mental retardation children how do social contacts and communication as being able to respond when invited to communicate but it should be repeated over and over,the subject has a weakness in the concentration of so when invited to talk hard staring at your opponents interlocutor. When did the subject communication using language that sounds stilted. Social contact subject well againts his peers is characterized by sensitivity to her friends when in distress, want to help his friend like get a pencil, and divide the food per day taken by subject. Based on the above research result it can be concluded that the way the social interactions of the child with mental retardation how do social contacts and communication in accordance with the terms of the occurrence of social interaction. Keywords: Social Interaction, Mental Retardation

Teaching about Mental Subnormality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
JOSEPH C. DENNISTON
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Parent Groups ◽  
Mental Subnormality

The excellent presentation by Dr. Hilda Knoblock (Pediatrics, 31:146, 1963) concerning the need of pediatric training in mental retardation is to be commended. As a pediatrician and superintendent for a state institution for 1,400 mentally retarded, I am keenly aware of the needs of more adequate preparation for all physicians in this area. Our medical profession has received considerable criticism by parent groups for an alleged lack of interest and diagnostic acumen when dealing with the retarded.

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