scholarly journals Dynamic Determinants of Access to Weapons: Global Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu ◽  
Joseph Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Perceptions Of Crime ◽  
Conflict Intensity ◽  
Global Evidence

This study investigates the determinants of and persistence in access to weapons using a global sample of 163 countries for the period 2010–2015. The empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments. Hysteresis in access to weapons is consistently more apparent in countries with below-median levels in access to weapons compared to their counterparts with above-median levels in access to weapons. The hysteresis hypothesis within this context is the propensity of past values of access to weapons to influence future values of access to weapons. Factors that consistently drive access to weapons are: perceptions of crime, criminality, conflict intensity, political instability, military expenditure, violent demonstrations and terrorism. The effects of these drivers are contingent on initial levels of access to weapons. Policy recommendations for managing access to weapons are discussed. JEL: H56, L64, K42, P50

scholarly journals Drivers and Persistence of Death in Conflicts: Global Evidence

World Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-429
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu ◽  
Joseph I. Uduji ◽  
Elda N. Okolo-Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Legal Origins ◽  
Conflict Intensity ◽  
Global Evidence

We investigate persistence and determinants of deaths from conflicts in a sample of 163 countries for the period 2010–2015. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. First, the findings are contingent on income levels, religious domination, landlockedness, regional proximity, and legal origins. We find that the persistence of deaths in internal conflict is more apparent in coastal, French civil law, and Islam-oriented countries, compared to landlocked, English common law, Christian-oriented countries, respectively. Second, the following factors are generally responsible for driving deaths from internal conflicts: homicides, conflict intensity, and conflicts fought. Furthermore, incarcerations have negative effects on internal conflicts. Justifications for the established tendencies and policy implications are discussed.

Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: A New Global Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chor Foon Tang ◽  
Eu Chye Tan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Growth Hypothesis ◽  
Global Evidence

The primary aim of this study is to determine whether the tourism-led growth hypothesis is globally valid by accounting for countries’ income levels and their institutional qualities, against a panel dataset of 167 countries. The institutional qualities referred to are political stability and corruption control. We employ the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to examine the relationship. It can be inferred from the exercise that tourism positively contributes to economic growth but the effect varies across countries at different levels of income and institutional qualities. Therefore, the effect of tourism on economic growth is contingent on levels of income and institutional qualities of the host tourism countries. Policy initiatives that aim to promote and strengthen institutional qualities should be undertaken for a country to enjoy the beneficial impact of tourism on economic growth and development.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial Development on Income Inequality in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Hoi Chu Minh
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Market Expansion

Utilizing the approach of constructing indicators treated as representatives for degree of financial development at provincial level of Vietnam over the 2002–2012 period along with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this study inspects the nexus between financial development and income inequality. To a certain extent the empirical findings present evidence to show that financial market expansion in Vietnam widens income inequality, through which some policy recommendations are provided with regard to reducing the inequality of income distribution across the society.

scholarly journals TAX REVENUE PERFORMANCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA COUNTRIES: ARE THERE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Special) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Nosakhare Arodoye ◽  
Dickson Oriakhi ◽  
Milton Iyoha
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

This study, examines the dynamic effects of macroeconomic factors on the overall tax revenue performance of thirty-three (33) Sub-Saharan African countries for eighteen years that range from 2000-2017 employing the system generalized method of moments methodology. This study provides empirical evidence for the dynamic and significant effects of macroeconomic variables on tax revenue performance in SSA countries. Arising from our empirical findings, the study recommends that, on the average, governments of SSA countries should establish the necessary macroeconomic preconditions for the effective and efficient administration of the countries’ tax systems to further boost her taxable capacity and fiscal surpluses.

scholarly journals The effect of military spending on economic growth in South Asian countries during the years 2004 to 2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

Governments and states initiate to up grate social welfare and prosperity through military expenditure and security expenses. On the hand, politicians concentrate on economic growth as a measure of social wafer and prosperity. Empirically growth has dramatically improved the livelihood, comfort, and consumption of a large number of people, as compared to the past people now have access to more nutrition, clothing, better educational material and qualified services. In order to examine empirically the impact of military expenditure on economic growth, this paper follow the Effect of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth (in South Asia during 2004 to 2016) as main objective. After Diagnostic Tests Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been used. The findings of the research indicate positive impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries. However, the impact of Import, Export and Investment are Statistically Significant on economic growth of South Asian Countries.

What Drives Banking Profitability During Financial Crisis and Political Turmoil? Evidence from the MENA Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110311
Author(s):  
Salma Zaiane ◽  
Fatma Ben Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to identify bank specific, macroeconomic, and stability determinants of both conventional and Islamic bank performance. We also try to identify evidence on the impact of financial crisis and political instability during the Arab Spring (AS) period. The study covers a sample of 123 banks (34 Islamic banks and 89 conventional banks from 13 Middle East and North Africa [MENA] countries) over the period 2000–2013. We use different proxies of performance as dependent variables: return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net income margin (NIM), and estimate several regressions using the dynamic generalized method of moments. Our results reveal that bank size, asset quality, specialization, and diversification are the major bank specific factors affecting performance of Islamic and conventional banks. Besides, macroeconomic indicators (GDP and inflation) and regulatory quality influence both types of banks differently. Finally, both the financial crisis and political instability negatively affect bank performance.

Using information from singletons in fixed-effects estimation: xtfesing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-975
Author(s):  
Laura Magazzini ◽  
Randolph Luca Bruno ◽  
Marco Stampini
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
Fixed Effects Estimation

In this article, we describe the xtfesing command. The command implements a generalized method of moments estimator that allows exploiting singleton information in fixed-effects panel-data regression as in Bruno, Magazzini, and Stampini (2020, Economics Letters 186: Article 108519).

Does Bank Profitability Stimulate Economic Growth in the Arab Region?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ghazy Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of bank profitability, as a complementary measure of financial development, on growth in the Arab countries between 1985 and 2016. Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation to test the impact of the bank profitability on growth, this study utilises two variables in the econometric model which are return on assets and return on equity. This study reveals that both variables of bank profitability are positive and significant. This confirms that the bank profitability, beside other financial development variables, has positive impact on the growth. This study points out some important implications based on this result.

Assessing the bank profitability in the MENA region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Ben Selma Mokni ◽  
Houssem Rachdi
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Econometric Technique

Purpose – Which of the banking stream is relatively more profitable in Middle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) region? Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study covers a sample of 15 conventional and 15 Islamic banks for the period 2002-2009.The authors estimate models using the generalized method of moments in system, of Blundell and Bond (1998). They exploit an up-to-date econometric technique which takes into consideration the issue of endogeneity of regressors to evaluate the comparative profitability of Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Findings – Empirical analysis results show that the determinants’ significance varies between Islamic and conventional banks. Profitability seems to be quite persistent in the MENA region reflecting a higher degree of government intervention and may signal barriers to competition. Originality/value – The main interest is to develop a comprehensive model that integrates macroeconomic, industry-specific and bank-specific determinants. The paper makes comparison of the performance between two different banking systems in the MENA region. The authors consider a variable crisis to gain additional insights into the impacts of the financial crisis on MENA banking sector.

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