Determination of the Proper Rest Time for a Cyclic Mental Task Using ACT-R Architecture

Objective Analysis of the effect of mental fatigue on a cognitive task and determination of the right start time for rest breaks in work environments. Background Mental fatigue has been recognized as one of the most important factors influencing individual performance. Subjective and physiological measures are popular methods for analyzing fatigue, but they are restricted to physical experiments. Computational cognitive models are useful for predicting operator performance and can be used for analyzing fatigue in the design phase, particularly in industrial operations and inspections where cognitive tasks are frequent and the effects of mental fatigue are crucial. Method A cyclic mental task is modeled by the ACT-R architecture, and the effect of mental fatigue on response time and error rate is studied. The task includes visual inspections in a production line or control workstation where an operator has to check products’ conformity to specifications. Initially, simulated and experimental results are compared using correlation coefficients and paired t test statistics. After validation of the model, the effects are studied by human and simulated results, which are obtained by running 50-minute tests. Results It is revealed that during the last 20 minutes of the tests, the response time increased by 20%, and during the last 12.5 minutes, the error rate increased by 7% on average. Conclusion The proper start time for the rest period can be identified by setting a limit on the error rate or response time. Application The proposed model can be applied early in production planning to decrease the negative effects of mental fatigue by predicting the operator performance. It can also be used for determining the rest breaks in the design phase without an operator in the loop.

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The Determination of Optimal Work Start Time

Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering (2004) ◽

10.1061/40730(144)114 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Shu-Guang Li

Keyword(s):

Start Time

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N and P on-line meters: requirements, maintenance and stability

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0014 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 147-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henrik A. Thomsen ◽

Kenneth Kisbye

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Response Time ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

State Of The Art ◽

List Price ◽

User Friendliness ◽

On Line ◽

The Cost ◽

Preparation Design

State-of-the-art on-line meters for determination of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate are presented. The on-line meters employ different measuring principles and are available in many different designs differing with respect to size, calibration and cleaning principle, user-friendliness, response time, reagent and sample consumption. A study of Danish experiences on several plants has been conducted. The list price of an on-line meter is between USD 8000 and USD 35,000. To this should be added the cost of sample preparation, design, installation and running-in. The yearly operating for one meter are in the range of USD 200-2500 and the manpower consumption is in the range of 1-5 hours/month. The accuracy obtained is only slightly smaller than the accuracy on collaborative laboratory analyses, which is sufficient for most control purposes.

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Numerical Study of Longitudinal Inter-Distance and Operational Characteristics for High-Speed Capsular Train Systems

Vehicles ◽

10.3390/vehicles4010002 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

Bruce W. Jo

Keyword(s):

Error Rate ◽

High Speed ◽

Position Control ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Integer Number ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Start Time ◽

Distance Control

High-speed capsular vehicles are firstly suggested as an idea by Elon Musk of Tesla Company. Unlike conventional high-speed trains, capsular vehicles are individual vessels carrying passengers and freight with the expected maximum speed of near 1200 [km/h] in a near-vacuum tunnel. More individual vehicle speed, dispatch, and position control in the operational aspect are expected over connected trains. This numerical study and investigation evaluate and analyze inter-distance control and their characteristics for high-speed capsular vehicles and their operational aspects. Among many aspects of operation, the inter-distance of multiple vehicles is critical toward passenger/freight flow rate and infrastructural investment. In this paper, the system’s equation, equation of the motion, and various characteristics of the system are introduced, and in particular control design parameters for inter-distance control and actuation are numerically shown. As a conclusion, (1) Inter-distance between vehicles is a function of error rate and second car start time, the magnitude range is determined by second car start time, (2) Inter-distance fluctuation rate is a function of error rate and second car start time, however; it can be minimized by choosing the correct second car start time, and (3) If the second car start time is chosen an integer number of push-down cycle time at specific velocity error rate, the inter-distance fluctuation can be zero.

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A New method for ISE construction for methyl orange dyes and using for indirect determination of Amitriptyline Hydrochloried drug

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.12.1.188-196 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 188-196

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Methyl Orange ◽

Response Time ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Ion Pair ◽

New Method ◽

Ion Selective Electrode ◽

Selective Electrode ◽

Internal Solution ◽

Indirect Determination

A new method for construction ion-selective electrode (ISE) by heating reaction of methyl orange with ammonium reineckate using PVC as plasticizer for determination methyl orange and determination Amitriptyline Hydrochloried drug by formation ion-pair on electrode surface . The characteristics of the electrode and it response as following : internal solution 10-4M , pH (2.5-5) ,temperature (20-30) and response time 2 sec. Calibration response for methyl orange over the concentrationrange 10-3 -10-9 M with R=0.9989 , RSD%=0.1052, D.O.L=0.315X10-9 MEre%=(-0.877- -2.76) , Rec%.=(97.230 -101.711) .

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Determination of Effective Response Time Window to Visual Object in Object-oriented Task of Birds

10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoke Niu ◽

Shangfei Yang ◽

Zhenyang Jiang ◽

Yanyan Peng ◽

Hong Yang

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Time Window ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Visual Object ◽

Effective Response

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Arrays of solid contact potentiometric sensors for separate determination of some cephalosporin antibiotics

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-5-5-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

E. G. Kulapina ◽

A. E. Dubasova ◽

O. I. Kulapina ◽

V. D. Ankina

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Reference Model ◽

Complex Compounds ◽

Potentiometric Sensors ◽

Separate Determination ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Active Components ◽

Membrane Surfaces ◽

Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Arrays of potentiometric sensors including developed solid-contact unmodified and modified sensors based on tetradecylammonium associates with complex compounds of silver (1) and some β-lactam antibiotics (cefazoline, cefuroxime, cefotaxime (n = 3 – 6)) are proposed; polyaniline and copper oxide being modifiers. The main electroanalytic properties of the sensors are determined (the range of the determined concentrations in antibiotic solutions 1 × 10–4 – 0.1 M, 46.3 < S < 48, Cmin = n × 10–5 М, response time 4 – 10 sec, potential drift 4 – 6 mV/day, service life — 2 months). It is shown that modification of the membrane surfaces brings the steepness of the electrode functions to Nernst-values for single-charged ions of the antibiotics under study; reduces the response time and the detection limits, the linearity intervals of the electrode functions being the same. The potentiometric selectivity coefficients of unmodified and modified sensors based on different electrode active components (EAC) to the studied cephalosporins in the presence of interfering antibiotics are close to unity; cross sensitivity parameters for the considered sensors (the average slope of the electrode function of the sensor Sav, the unselectivity factor F, and the reproducibility factor K) are 46.3 < S (mV/pC) < 48; 0.85 < F < 0.90; 144 < K < 170, respectively. Application of sensors in the multisensory analysis of model mixtures of cephalosporin antibiotics is shown. Method of artificial neural networks (ANN) is used for processing of analytical signals. The correctness of the determination is carried out using «spike tests» on the reference model mixtures (the relative error of the determination does not exceed 12 %).

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Determination of Optimum Instances and Duration of Rest Periods for Strenuous Manual Work

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/107118137802200106 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

Dileep R. Sule

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Manual Work ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Hours Of Work ◽

The Hours ◽

Rest Breaks

Since the beginning of recorded history, man has been concerned about work-rest cycles. Studies of industrial fatigue date back to 1893 when the hours of work were reduced from 54 to 48 hours a week. Further reductions have brought us to a 40-hour work week with five days of work and two days of rest. Management recognizes the value of rest breaks and normally provides these in accordance with the type labor performed and environmental conditions.

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Compensation of Self-Heating in the Measurement of the Dynamic Response of a Thermoresistive Sensor

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2888023 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 225-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. S. R. Neto ◽

G. S. Deep ◽

R. C. S. Freire ◽

A. M. N. Lima ◽

P. C. Lobo

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Response Time ◽

Experimental Determination ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Theoretical Method ◽

Optimal Choice ◽

Self Heating ◽

Ohmic Resistance ◽

Measured Response

In the experimental determination of the response time of a thermoresistive sensor to a radiation step, one needs to monitor the variation of the ohmic resistance of the sensor with time. This requires passing electrical current through the sensor, which introduces error in the measured response time due to the additional self-heating of the sensor by the electrical current. A theoretical method to eliminate this error is formulated and experimental results are presented. The proposed method also permits experimental determination of the heat capacity (mc) and heat transfer coefficient (UA). The sensitivity analysis of τ = mc/UA permits the optimal choice for the resistance measurement currents.

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