Science, Technology and Political Development

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpad Von Lazar ◽  
Phillip D. Mikesell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Task Oriented

Modernization has a special appeal for youth in its projection of rapid socio-economic changes and the image of a modern societal structure as an obtainable goal. Education is identified as an intrinsic part of the modernization process, through which social mobility and the achievement of political power are envisaged. The young educated elites of the developing countries are generally characterized by a growing sense of “performance-orientation” and an increasing degree of involvement in politics. Preoccupation with ideological concerns is still common among university students. Young people educated in technological fields tend to be more task oriented but often insecure due to the lack of clearly defined social status. General attitudinal patterns suggest a preoccupation with authority and its role in development, a general lack of patience for political mediation, and the subordination of political means to economic goals.

scholarly journals Research on the Educational Issues of the Emerging Tourism Industry in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Chao Feng ◽  
Di Wu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
Trained Manpower

This research explores emerging concepts of tourism education, training, and entrepreneurship development. Nowadays, the discourses on this theme have been growing in both developed and developing countries, especially to reduce unemployment rates through the education of young people. For this purpose, this study uses secondary data sources to analyze individual rationality and the creativity of educated young people for entrepreneurship development in the business sector. The analytical framework begins from the investigation of the tourism industry and the processes for empowering those people since tourism industry is considered as one of the agents of economic changes in developing countries, such as Nepal. However, skilled and trained manpower are required to operate well. The main theme of this study is that the aforesaid manpower can be developed with entrepreneurship skills by providing education and training in this business. This study entirely agrees that once the tourism industry is well run by removing the hurdles seen in this sector, there would be an increase in employment opportunities and a raise in the country’s revenue in addition to solving many other social problems.

Restructuring Educational Systems and Promoting Social Justice for Young People Involved in Drug Trafficking in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Gomes Pessoa ◽  
Linda Liebenberg ◽  
Dorothy Bottrell ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract. Economic changes in the context of globalization have left adolescents from Latin American contexts with few opportunities to make satisfactory transitions into adulthood. Recent studies indicate that there is a protracted period between the end of schooling and entering into formal working activities. While in this “limbo,” illicit activities, such as drug trafficking may emerge as an alternative for young people to ensure their social participation. This article aims to deepen the understanding of Brazilian youth’s involvement in drug trafficking and its intersection with their schooling, work, and aspirations, connecting with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 16 as proposed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 .

scholarly journals Drinking Carling Out of Stella Glasses: People and Place in the Missing Middle

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Missing Middle

As trends of social and economic change allow precarity to inch into the lives of those who may have been more accustomed to security (Standing, 2011, 2014), this paper addresses the response of some young people who are caught “betwixt and between” in potentially liminal states (Turner, 1967). Those whose families have undertaken intra- or intergenerational social mobility and who have made a home in a place, Ingleby Barwick in Teesside, that seems to be of them and for them—an in-between place that is seen as “not quite” middle or working class. This paper draws data from a research project that adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach to uncover the meaning of experiences for participants. Methods included focus groups and semi-structured interviews through which 70 local people contributed their thoughts, hopes, concerns, and stories about their lives now and what they aspire to for the future. Places, such as the large private housing estate in the Northeast of England on which this research was carried out, make up significant sections of the UK population, yet tend to be understudied populations, often missed by a sociological gaze attracted to extremes. It was anticipated that in Ingleby Barwick, where social mobility allows access to this relatively exclusive estate, notions of individualism and deservingness that underlie meritocratic ideology (Mendick et al., 2015; Littler, 2018) would be significant, a supposition borne out in the findings. “Making it” to Ingleby was, and continues to be, indicative to many of meritocratic success, making it “a moral place for moral people” (McEwan, 2019). Consequently, the threat then posed by economic precarity, of restricting access to the transitions and lifestyles that create the “distinction” (Bourdieu, 1984) required to denote fit to this place, is noted to be very real in a place ironically marked by many outside it as fundamentally unreal.

Portrait of a civic elite

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-48
Author(s):  
Alice Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Class Community

This chapter sketches a group portrait of Belfast’s middle-class elite, taking in geographical, religious and class origins, education, wealth, and standards of living. A key focus of this chapter is the mid-century civic elite: that is, those people who dominated municipal life in Belfast in the middle decades of the century. The chapter does, however, go beyond this group, using various case-studies to branch into a much broader discussion of middle-class wealth, standards of living and social mobility. It provides an overview of the Victorian middle-class community as a whole. A fresh look is cast on suburbanisation and how it affected Belfast’s middle-class community. Suburbanisation is a phenomenon related to social mobility and demographic and economic changes, and as such is highly relevant when studying a dynamic community over a period of time.

Women's Economic Empowerment in the Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1159-1174
Author(s):  
Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan ◽  
Kalthum Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Established Fact

It is an established fact that women's empowerment is primary to the socio-economic and political development of a nation. It will be meaningless, if women that constitute half of the population of the globe do not have access to education, healthcare, employment and political decision making bodies. A nation benefits fully when both men and women contribute rigorously in social cohesion, economic growth, peace and prosperity. Findings from countries and reputable institutions such as World Bank and the United Nations revealed that greater gender equality correlates positively with national economic growth. The World Economic Forum recently reported that across the 135 countries examined, greater gender equality correlates positively with per capita gross national product. Countries with greater equality between women and men have economies that are more competitive and fast growing. Hence, removing barriers on empowering women stimulates economic development. This chapter commences with the meaning of women empowerment followed by the identification of various barriers on women empowerment, and investigation on women economic empowerment in the developing countries. The patriarchal system is also introduced to explain how it influences women empowerment. Finally, this chapter argues that women empowerment in general can only be achieved if the patriarchal system is transformed or reengineered to foster more equality between both groups.

Women's Economic Empowerment in the Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 242-256
Author(s):  
Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan ◽  
Kalthum Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Established Fact

It is an established fact that women's empowerment is primary to the socio-economic and political development of a nation. It will be meaningless, if women that constitute half of the population of the globe do not have access to education, healthcare, employment and political decision making bodies. A nation benefits fully when both men and women contribute rigorously in social cohesion, economic growth, peace and prosperity. Findings from countries and reputable institutions such as World Bank and the United Nations revealed that greater gender equality correlates positively with national economic growth. The World Economic Forum recently reported that across the 135 countries examined, greater gender equality correlates positively with per capita gross national product. Countries with greater equality between women and men have economies that are more competitive and fast growing. Hence, removing barriers on empowering women stimulates economic development. This chapter commences with the meaning of women empowerment followed by the identification of various barriers on women empowerment, and investigation on women economic empowerment in the developing countries. The patriarchal system is also introduced to explain how it influences women empowerment. Finally, this chapter argues that women empowerment in general can only be achieved if the patriarchal system is transformed or reengineered to foster more equality between both groups.

The impact of experience and perceptions of social mobility on the life satisfaction of young people in Taiwan and Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao ◽  
Kevin Wong ◽  
Po-san Wan ◽  
Victor Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article, which is based on a comparative telephone survey conducted in 2016, examines the relationship between social mobility experience and the life satisfaction of people aged 18 to 35 in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Using both objective and subjective measures of social mobility, we found that young people’s perceptions of their own social mobility and that of the entire youth population correlated positively with life satisfaction. However, the objective upward experiences of intragenerational and intergenerational mobility did not have a significant effect on life satisfaction. In addition, the objective upward experiences of individuals were found to be uncorrelated with the perceptions of their own social mobility and that of the entire youth population. These findings suggest that young people will not become more satisfied even if they themselves have actually experienced upward mobility, because their positive perception of social mobility depends on whether they can move upward to their desired status. It is the expected social mobility and the competence to achieve rather than the actual past mobility experience that could affect the life satisfaction of the young generation in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Political Development: Time Sequences and Rates of Change

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nordlinger
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Time Sequences

Political development is undoubtedly a rich and variegated field of study. We have begun to accumulate first-rate studies of widely divergent cultures and social structures, masses of quantitative data on the socioeconomic variables involved in the modernization process, analyses of political phenomena ranging from the destooling of chiefs to the functioning of complex legislative systems, well-documented surveys of particular political systems, and a smaller number of useful typologies and general hypotheses.

Meeting the contraceptive and AIDS prevention needs of people living on a dollar a day

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Potts
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Female Sterilization ◽  
Full Cost ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Aids Pandemic

The new millennium sees the largest cohort of young people in history entering its fertile years. Many of these people are too poor to pay the full cost of modern contraception, but the money available for subsidizing their needs is exceedingly limited. The AIDS pandemic is placing additional, unprecedented demand on already overstretched resources. Existing methods of contraception that are well established and off-patent can be produced in bulk at low cost, and will remain the backbone of future programmes. The use of misoprostol as an abortifacient is likely to spread rapidly. New methods must take into account the limitations of the health infrastructure in developing countries and the imperative of low cost. Given the constraints of money, skills and facilities, it is essential to set realistic priorities for future contraceptive research and development. It is suggested that the greatest needs are for a woman-controlled method of preventing HIV transmission and for a non-surgical method of female sterilization.

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